- |||||||||| lamivudine / Generic mfg., lopinavir/ritonavir / Generic mfg.
Clinical, Journal, Head-to-Head: Antiretroviral Long-Term Efficacy and Resistance of Lopinavir/Ritonavir Plus Lamivudine in HIV-1-Infected Treatment-Naïve Patients (ALTERLL): 144-Week Results of a Randomized, Open-Label, Non-Inferiority Study From Guangdong, China. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 13, 2021
Dual therapy with LPV/r plus 3TC manifests long-term non-inferior therapeutic efficacy, low drug resistance, good safety, and tolerability compared with the first-line triple-therapy regimen in Guangdong, China, indicating dual therapy is a viable alternative in resource-limited areas. Clinical Trial Registration: [http://www.chictr.org.cn], identifier [ChiCTR1900024611].
- |||||||||| favipiravir / Generic mfg., lopinavir/ritonavir / Generic mfg.
Clinical, Observational data, Retrospective data, Journal: Serum cytokine levels of COVID-19 patients after 7 days of treatment with Favipiravir or Kaletra. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 10, 2021
Antiviral treatments did not suppress the inflammatory phase of COVID-19 after 7 days treatment although CT, CRP and LDH suggest a decline in lung inflammation. There was limited evidence for a viral-mediated cytokine storm in these COVID-19 subjects.
- |||||||||| Actemra IV (tocilizumab) / Roche, JW Pharma
Clinical, Review, Journal: Efficacy of the current investigational drugs for the treatment of COVID-19: a scoping review. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 10, 2021
Remedsivir, Tocilizumab, Immunoglobulin, Mesenchymal stem cell transplantation showed effective treatment results, but further confirmatory studies are needed. In conclusion, Favipiravir and Remedsivir might be promising drugs in the treatment of COVID-19 patients. .
- |||||||||| hydroxychloroquine / Generic mfg., dexamethasone / Generic mfg., ritonavir / Generic mfg.
Clinical, Retrospective data, Review, Journal: Clinical effectiveness of drugs in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 10, 2021
We can conclude that dexamethasone would have a better result in hospitalized patients, especially in low-resources settings. The analysis of the main treatments proposed for hospitalized patients is of vital importance to reduce mortality in low-income countries, since the COVID-19 pandemic had an economic impact worldwide with the loss of jobs and economic decline in countries with scarce resources.The reviews of this paper are available via the supplemental material section.
- |||||||||| hydroxychloroquine / Generic mfg.
Clinical, Review, Journal: Novel corona virus disease (COVID-19) update on epidemiology, pathogenicity, clinical course and treatments. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 7, 2021
Widely used chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin combinations, as well as lopinavir-ritonavir were shown to have less efficient treatment effects...Advanced support systems include mechanical ventilation and extracorporeal membranous support; however, those without targeted antiviral therapy represent only temporary bridge for scarce potential restitution in patient themselves. The aim of review is to present current state of the art in epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical course and treatment of COVID-19 patients.
- |||||||||| hydroxychloroquine / Generic mfg.
Review, Journal: Effective drugs used to combat SARS-CoV-2 infection and the current status of vaccines. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 7, 2021
Remdesivir and Favipiravir were more promising despite having side effects; it had prominent efficacy and efficiency while still not yet approved as the official anti-viral drug for SARS CoV-2. In this review, we summarizes the current drug and vaccine discovery status against SARS-CoV-2, predicting that these efforts will help create effective drugs and vaccines for SARS-CoV-2.
- |||||||||| hydroxychloroquine / Generic mfg., ribavirin / Generic mfg.
Review, Journal: SARS-CoV-2: From the pathogenesis to potential anti-viral treatments. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 7, 2021
The effectiveness rate and complications of these drugs can reveal new insights into the potential therapeutic goals for the disease. Moreover, lifestyle change can effectively prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection.
- |||||||||| hydroxychloroquine / Generic mfg., ritonavir / Generic mfg.
Clinical, Retrospective data, Journal: Infección por COVID-19 en paciente joven con pectus excavatum. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 7, 2021
Conclusiones: El caso refleja lo conocido hasta hoy sobre el riesgo de complicaciones severas que puede presentar la infección por SARS-CoV-2 en pacientes con comorbilidades o patologías que alteren la función pulmonar como el pectus excavatum. Por ello sería importante realizar protocolos de manejo específicos, útiles para la mejoría clínica de estos pacientes con alteraciones anatómicas congénitas.
- |||||||||| Actemra IV (tocilizumab) / Roche, JW Pharma
Journal: The Impact of COVID-19 on Essential Medicines and Personal Protective Equipment Availability and Prices in Saudi Arabia. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 7, 2021
Although the COVID-19 pandemic has caused a significant disruption in the global pharmaceutical supply chain, its impact was largely manageable in Saudi healthcare institutions. This can be attributable to multiple reasons such as the effective exchange programs between hospitals and the drastic increase in public healthcare spending to ameliorate the negative impact of the pandemic on the healthcare sector.
- |||||||||| hydroxychloroquine / Generic mfg., dexamethasone / Generic mfg., ritonavir / Generic mfg.
Biomarker, Review, Journal: Pharmacogenetics Approach for the Improvement of COVID-19 Treatment. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 7, 2021
Variants in CYP3A4, CYP3A5, CYP2C8, CY2D6, ABCB1, ABCC2, and SLCO1B1, among other variants, could be included in pharmacogenetic studies of COVID-19 treatment. Besides, nongenetic factors such as drug-drug interactions and inflammation should be considered in the search for personalized therapy of COVID-19.
- |||||||||| Sovaldi (sofosbuvir) / Gilead
Review, Journal: Drugs intervention study in COVID-19 management. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 7, 2021
Finally, ribavirin, galidesivir, and sofosbuvir showed potential therapeutic benefit in treating COVID-19, but there is a lack of clinical evidence on their effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2. Remdesivir, ivermectin, favipiravir, hydroxychloroquine, dexamethasone, methylprednisolone, and CP are the therapeutic agents that can potentially be used in COVID-19 management.
- |||||||||| Aplidin (plitidepsin) / PharmaMar, Roche
Clinical, Journal: Plitidepsin: a repurposed drug for the treatment of COVID-19. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 2, 2021
Plitidepsin has shown efficacy in animal models and Phase I/II human trials. Although plitidepsin is administered intravenously and its toxicity profile remains to be fully characterized, this compound may be a promising alternative COVID-19 therapeutic.
- |||||||||| hydroxychloroquine / Generic mfg., dexamethasone / Generic mfg.
Retrospective data, Review, Journal: Evaluation of the Current Therapeutic Approaches for COVID-19: A Systematic Review and a Meta-analysis. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 2, 2021
Dexamethasone was not significant in reducing disease progression (RR = 0.45, 95% CI: [0.16, 1.25]) and mortality (RR = 0.90, 95% CI: [0.70, 1.16])...Corticosteroids could increase COVID-19 severity, but it could be beneficial when combined with antivirals. Our data are potentially valuable for the clinical treatment and management of COVID-19 patients.
- |||||||||| Avastin (bevacizumab) / Roche
Journal: Distance based and bond additive topological indices of certain repurposed antiviral drug compounds tested for treating COVID-19. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 1, 2021
In this paper, we study the structural properties of the several antiviral drugs such as chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir, ritonavir, remdesivir, theaflavin, nafamostat, camostat, umifenovir and bevacizumab by considering the distance and bond measures of chemical compounds. Our quantitative values of the topological indices are extremely useful in the recent development of designing new drugs for COVID-19.
- |||||||||| chloroquine phosphate / Generic mfg., lopinavir/ritonavir / Generic mfg.
Clinical, Retrospective data, Journal: Both Chloroquine and Lopinavir/Ritonavir Are Ineffective for COVID-19 Treatment and Combined Worsen the Pathology: A Single-Center Experience with Severely Ill Patients. (Pubmed Central) - Mar 31, 2021
We found that either drug is ineffective at treating COVID-19, as they are not able to reduce hospitalization length, mortality, C-reactive protein (CRP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), d-Dimer, or ferritin, or to enhance gasometric parameters, lymphocytes, total leukocytes, and neutrophil levels, whereas both drugs administered together decrease circulating lymphocytes, increase LDH and ferritin levels, and more importantly, enhance mortality. In this way, our results show that both drugs are ineffective and even potentially harmful alternatives against SARS-CoV-2.
- |||||||||| hydroxychloroquine / Generic mfg.
Review, Journal: Modeling of SARS-CoV-2 Treatment Effects for Informed Drug Repurposing. (Pubmed Central) - Mar 30, 2021
The other drugs had little to no appreciable effect. Given how well previous clinical trial results for hydroxychloroquine and lopinavir/ritonavir are explained by the models presented here, similar strategies should be considered in future drug candidate prioritization efforts.
- |||||||||| lopinavir/ritonavir / Generic mfg.
Journal: Lichen planus after SARS-CoV-2 infection treated with lopinavir/ritonavir. (Pubmed Central) - Mar 30, 2021
Given how well previous clinical trial results for hydroxychloroquine and lopinavir/ritonavir are explained by the models presented here, similar strategies should be considered in future drug candidate prioritization efforts. No abstract available
- |||||||||| ritonavir / Generic mfg.
[VIRTUAL] Computational prediction of CYP-catalyzed drug metabolism, reactive metabolites, CYP inhibition, and CYP induction. () - Mar 28, 2021 - Abstract #ACSSp2021ACS-Sp_5548;
John's Wort, which is a potent CYP inducer, and has been shown to reduce the efficacy of many marketed drugs when co-administered, especially that of anti-depressants.Clearly, CYPs are central to many aspects of drug pharmacokinetics and medium to high-throughput predictive methods are highly desirable. We will present our efforts in this field, which lead to the creation of the In-silico Metabolism Prediction by Activated Cytochromes and Transition States – Impacts - program, a computational tool originally developed to predict the most likely sites of metabolism of drugs.Recently, we have modified Impacts to predict CYP inhibition, CYP induction, and the production of reactive metabolites.
- |||||||||| hydroxychloroquine / Generic mfg., dexamethasone / Generic mfg.
Review, Journal: Current evidence for COVID-19 therapies: a systematic literature review. (Pubmed Central) - Mar 26, 2021
Dexamethasone significantly reduced mortality, hospitalisation and need for ventilation versus standard care, particularly in patients with severe disease...Many trials had a moderate-to-high risk of bias, particularly in terms of blinding; most were short-term and some included low patient numbers.This review highlights the need for well-designed clinical trials of therapeutic interventions for COVID-19 to increase the quality of available evidence. It also emphasises the importance of tailoring interventions to disease stage and severity for maximum efficacy.
- |||||||||| hydroxychloroquine / Generic mfg., ribavirin / Generic mfg.
Clinical, Review, Journal: An Update on Antiviral Therapy Against SARS-CoV-2: How Far Have We Come? (Pubmed Central) - Mar 26, 2021
This review presents a comprehensive update on majorly repurposed drugs namely chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, remdesivir, lopinavir-ritonavir, favipiravir, ribavirin, azithromycin, umifenovir, oseltamivir as well as convalescent plasma therapy used against SARS-CoV-2. The review also summarizes the data recorded on the mechanism of anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity of these repurposed drugs along with the preclinical and clinical findings, therapeutic regimens, pharmacokinetics, and drug-drug interactions.
- |||||||||| hydroxychloroquine / Generic mfg.
Review, Journal: Medication use during COVID-19: Review of recent evidence. (Pubmed Central) - Mar 24, 2021
The review also summarizes the data recorded on the mechanism of anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity of these repurposed drugs along with the preclinical and clinical findings, therapeutic regimens, pharmacokinetics, and drug-drug interactions. Given the severity of the pandemic and the potential broad effects of implementing safe and effective treatment, this article provides a narrative review of the current evidence behind the most widely used medications to treat COVID-19 in order to enable health care practitioners to make informed decisions in the care of patients with this life-threatening disease.
- |||||||||| Actemra IV (tocilizumab) / Roche, JW Pharma
Clinical, Review, Journal: The praise of uncertainty: a systematic living review to evaluate the efficacy and safety of drug treatments for patients with covid-19. (Pubmed Central) - Mar 23, 2021
The 101 studies included consider 72 comparisons and numerous outcomes, the results often coming from single studies and of small dimensions, and for 61% with a very low certainty of evidence, are difficult to summarize and the final result is to increase the uncertainty rather than providing useful information to the clinic and research. From all the work carried out it seems to us that the pandemic has highlighted the many shadows of scientific literature as tool to improve knowledge.
- |||||||||| ritonavir / Generic mfg.
Journal: Analyzing knowledge entities about COVID-19 using entitymetrics. (Pubmed Central) - Mar 23, 2021
We construct an entity-entity co-occurrence network and employ network indicators to analyze the extracted entities. We find that ACE-2 and C-reactive protein are two very important genes and that lopinavir and ritonavir are two very important chemicals, regardless of the results from either ranking.
- |||||||||| ritonavir / Generic mfg.
Clinical, Review, Journal: Molecular Mechanism of Action of Repurposed Drugs and Traditional Chinese Medicine Used for the Treatment of Patients Infected With COVID-19: A Systematic Scoping Review. (Pubmed Central) - Mar 23, 2021
The full content of a total of 160 articles that fulfilled our inclusion criteria was analyzed and information about six drugs (ritonavir, lopinavir, oseltamivir, remdesivir, favipiravir, and chloroquine) and four Traditional Chinese Medicines (Shuang Huang Lian Kou Fu Ye, TCM combination of Bu Huan Jin Zheng Qi San and Da Yuan Yin, Xue Bi Jing Injection, and Qing Fei Pai Du Tang) was extracted. All of the repurposed drugs and complementary medicine that have been used for the treatment of COVID-19 depend on the ability of the drug to inhibit the proliferation of the SARS-CoV-2 virus by binding to enzyme active sites, viral chain termination, or triggering of the molecular pathway, whereas Traditional Chinese Medicine plays a pivotal role in triggering the inflammation pathway, such as the neuraminidase blocker, to fight the SARS-CoV-2 virus.
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