lopinavir/ritonavir / Generic mfg. 
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  • ||||||||||  hydroxychloroquine / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Antiviral treatment selection for SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. (Pubmed Central) -  Aug 21, 2021   
    Finally, neutralizing monoclonal antibodies have been proven efficacious in reducing the risk of severe disease development if administered early in the course of the disease to patients at risk of progression. The results of ongoing RCT will be certainly crucial to further improve our understanding of the optimal place in therapy of antiviral agents for COVID-19.
  • ||||||||||  lopinavir/ritonavir / Generic mfg.
    Clinical, Journal:  Multicenter Analysis of Clinical Features and Prognosis of COVID-19 Patients with Hepatic Impairment. (Pubmed Central) -  Aug 20, 2021   
    Abnormal aminotransferase levels are common in COVID-19 patients and are associated with poor clinical outcomes. Multivariate analysis of patients with normal aminotransferase levels on admission showed that the use of lopinavir/ritonavir and antibiotics was associated with abnormal aminotransferase levels; thus, careful monitoring is needed.
  • ||||||||||  Actemra IV (tocilizumab) / Roche, JW Pharma
    Trial completion date, Trial primary completion date:  Low Dose Anti-inflammatory Radiotherapy for the Treatment of Pneumonia by COVID-19 (clinicaltrials.gov) -  Aug 18, 2021   
    P=N/A,  N=106, Recruiting, 
    Multivariate analysis of patients with normal aminotransferase levels on admission showed that the use of lopinavir/ritonavir and antibiotics was associated with abnormal aminotransferase levels; thus, careful monitoring is needed. Trial completion date: Jul 2021 --> Nov 2021 | Trial primary completion date: May 2021 --> Sep 2021
  • ||||||||||  hydroxychloroquine / Generic mfg.
    Review, Journal:  A Narrative Review of Antiviral Drugs Used for COVID-19 Pharmacotherapy. (Pubmed Central) -  Aug 6, 2021   
    Many drugs which showed positive effect in initial studies could not replicate the same benefit in large randomized controlled trials. There is need to evaluate efficacy and safety of drugs based on high quality evidence before allowing it to be used in general population.
  • ||||||||||  Arbidol (umifenovir) / Pharmstandard
    PK/PD data, Preclinical, Retrospective data, Journal:  Pharmacokinetic interactions between the potential COVID-19 treatment drugs lopinavir/ritonavir and arbidol in rats. (Pubmed Central) -  Jul 29, 2021   
    LPV/r combined with arbidol, which is the basic regimen in some regional hospitals in China including Zhejiiang Province, has shown antiviral effects in COVID-19 patients (Guo et al., 2020; Xu et al., 2020). A retrospective cohort study also reported that this combination therapy showed better efficacy than LPV/r alone for the treatment of COVID-19 patients (Deng et al., 2020).
  • ||||||||||  Actemra IV (tocilizumab) / Roche, JW Pharma
    Review, Journal:  Contemporary narrative review of treatment options for COVID-19. (Pubmed Central) -  Jul 28, 2021   
    While drugs such as lopinavir-ritonavir, hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin have proved to be ineffective in randomized controlled trials, corticosteroids, neutralizing monoclonal antibodies, remdesivir, tocilizumab and baricitinib have been reported to benefit certain groups of patients with COVID-19. In this review, we will present the key clinical evidence and progress in promising COVID-19 therapeutics, as well as summarize the experience and lessons learned from the development of the current therapeutics.
  • ||||||||||  chloroquine phosphate / Generic mfg., lopinavir/ritonavir / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Flavonoids from Siparuna cristata as Potential Inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 Replication. (Pubmed Central) -  Jul 27, 2021   
    Flavonoids and their derivatives may stand for target compounds to be tested in future clinical trials to enrich the drug arsenal against coronavirus infections. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s43450-021-00162-5.
  • ||||||||||  hydroxychloroquine / Generic mfg., lopinavir/ritonavir / Generic mfg.
    Trial completion date, Trial primary completion date:  COVIDAXIS: Chemoprophylaxis of SARS-CoV-2 Infection (COVID-19) in Exposed Healthcare Workers (clinicaltrials.gov) -  Jul 22, 2021   
    P3,  N=1200, Active, not recruiting, 
    On account of this, the treatment had to be discontinued early in each case and QTc time recovered in all three patients. Trial completion date: Mar 2021 --> Mar 2022 | Trial primary completion date: Mar 2021 --> Mar 2022
  • ||||||||||  lopinavir/ritonavir / Generic mfg.
    Trial completion date, Trial primary completion date, Real-world evidence, Real-world:  Simplified Treatment of Anti-retrovirus in China (C-STAR) (clinicaltrials.gov) -  Jul 20, 2021   
    P=N/A,  N=600, Recruiting, 
    Due to the high EC50 of SARS-CoV-2 and the fact that LPV/RTV is highly protein bound, it seems unlikely that LPV/RTV exhibits a relevant antiviral effect against SARS-CoV-2 in vivo. Trial completion date: Oct 2021 --> Oct 2022 | Trial primary completion date: Dec 2020 --> Dec 2021
  • ||||||||||  hydroxychloroquine / Generic mfg.
    Clinical, Observational data, Journal:  QT Interval Monitoring with Handheld Heart Rhythm ECG Device in COVID-19 Patients. (Pubmed Central) -  Jul 14, 2021   
    QTc monitoring with KardiaMobile-6L in COVID-19 patients was feasible. Time of ECG registration was significantly lower with the smart device, which may offer an important advantage for prevention of virus dissemination among healthcare providers.
  • ||||||||||  Arbidol (umifenovir) / Pharmstandard
    Journal:  COVID 19 SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS FROM TURKEY. (Pubmed Central) -  Jul 7, 2021   
    The genetic sequence of the novel coronavirus showed significant identity to SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. Numerous drugs including lopinavir/ritonavir, favipiravir, neuraminidase inhibitors, remdesivir, umifenovir, azithromycin and chloroquine have been suggested for the management of COVID-19 although the exact treatment yet to be determined.
  • ||||||||||  Arbidol (umifenovir) / Pharmstandard
    Clinical, Journal:  Antibody Responses and the Effects of Clinical Drugs in COVID-19 Patients. (Pubmed Central) -  Jul 7, 2021   
    While glucocorticoid therapy developed lower levels of peripheral lymphocyte count and higher levels of CRP, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), α-Hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase(α-HBDH), total bilirubin (TBIL), direct bilirubin (DBIL). From these results, we suggested that the anti-RBD IgG may provide an early protection of host humoral responses against SAS-COV-2 infection within 2 to 3 weeks from onset, and clinical treatment with different drugs displayed distinct roles in humoral and inflammatory responses.
  • ||||||||||  hydroxychloroquine / Generic mfg., ivermectin oral / Generic mfg.
    Clinical, Review, Journal:  Therapeutic Effectiveness and Safety of Repurposing Drugs for the Treatment of COVID-19: Position Standing in 2021. (Pubmed Central) -  Jul 6, 2021   
    In this situation, researchers across the globe are focusing on repurposing prospective drugs and prophylaxis such as favipiravir, remdesivir, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, ivermectin, lopinavir-ritonavir, azithromycin, doxycycline, ACEIs/ARBs, rivaroxaban, and protease inhibitors, which were preliminarily based on in vitro and in vivo pharmacological and toxicological study reports followed by clinical applications...The repurposing of prospective drug candidates from different stages of evaluation can be a handy wellspring in COVID-19 management and treatment along with approved anti-COVID-19 vaccines. This review article combined the information from completed clinical trials, case series, cohort studies, meta-analyses, and retrospective studies to focus on the current status of repurposing drugs in 2021.