- |||||||||| hydroxychloroquine / Generic mfg., favipiravir / Generic mfg.
Clinical, Journal: Nasopharyngeal SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load Response among COVID-19 Patients Receiving Favipiravir. (Pubmed Central) - Oct 3, 2021
By multiple logistic regression analysis, receiving favipiravir was associated with nasopharyngeal viral load reduction at three days (P=0.001). Significant nasopharyngeal SARS-CoV-2 viral load reduction was achieved in the COVID-19 patients who received favipiravir-containing regimen.
- |||||||||| ritonavir / Generic mfg.
Preclinical, Journal: Development of A MERS-CoV Replicon Cell Line for Antiviral Screening. (Pubmed Central) - Sep 29, 2021
Using this cell line, we showed that MERS-CoV replication was inhibited by combined application of lopinavir and ritonavir, indicating that this cell line can be used to screen inhibitors of MERS-CoV replication. Importantly, the MERS-replicon cell line can be used for high-throughput screening of antiviral drugs without the need for live virus handling, providing an effective and safe tool for the discovery of antiviral drugs against MERS-CoV.
- |||||||||| hydroxychloroquine / Generic mfg., ketamine / Generic mfg.
Clinical, Journal: Protocol-based cardiotoxicity monitoring in hydroxychloroquine medicated COVID-19 pediatric patients. (Pubmed Central) - Sep 28, 2021
Clinical trials are evolving to define hydroxychloroquine effectivity and safety. Our considerable pediatric population supports the need for cardiotoxicity monitoring during therapy but suggest its use seems to be safe in COVID-19 pediatric patients, even in association with other QT-prolonging therapies.
- |||||||||| Arbidol (umifenovir) / Pharmstandard
Clinical, Review, Journal: Umifenovir in hospitalized moderate to severe COVID-19 patients: A randomized clinical trial. (Pubmed Central) - Sep 24, 2021
P4
Also, it did not have any significant effect on mortality reduction compared with treating with low-dose IFN-β 1a. Our findings shed new lights on the facts that additional umifenovir has not been found to be effective in shortening the duration of SARS-CoV-2 in severe patients and improving the prognosis in non-ICU patients and mortality.
- |||||||||| hydroxychloroquine / Generic mfg., ceftriaxone / Generic mfg.
THE HIDDEN ENEMY BEHIND COVID-19 IN A RECENT LIVER TRANSPLANT PATIENT () - Sep 23, 2021 - Abstract #ESOT2021ESOT_1860;
Hydroxychloroquine and lopinavir/ritonavir associated with azithromycin and ceftriaxone were started...Patient conditions worsted, fever was persistent and antibiotic treatment was switched to meropenem and added Daptomycin...Rituximab was started (375 mg/m 2 ) and he underwent to ultrafiltration...We want to underline how in a recent liver transplant patient, all causes of infection and rare disease should be excluded, even if “diagnosis” was already done. Possible other image:
- |||||||||| Actemra IV (tocilizumab) / Roche, JW Pharma
COVID-19 EARLY AFTER RENAL TRANSPLANTATION: LIMITATIONS AND HAZARDS OF UNPROVEN THERAPIES () - Sep 23, 2021 - Abstract #ESOT2021ESOT_1824;
Basiliximab was used for induction, for the maintenance tacrolimus, mycophenolic acid and steroids were administered...For the onset of respiratory symptoms, leukopenia and pulmonary consolidations, mycophenolic acid was suspended and therapy with darunavir/ritonavir and hydroxychloroquine was introduced...For clinical worsening, the patient was intubated, and the therapy was enhanced with steroids, tocilizumab and azithromycin... Considering the high risk of overexposure to tacrolimus and data from a recent randomized study, which did not show clear benefits of lopinavir/ritonavir in SARS-CoV2 infection, the systematic use of protease inhibitors in transplant recipients with COVID-19 should be considered cautiously
- |||||||||| zidovudine / Generic mfg.
Review, Journal, IO biomarker: Interactions of HIV and Antiretroviral Therapy With Neutrophils and Platelets. (Pubmed Central) - Sep 23, 2021
In this context, abacavir and ritonavir-boosted lopinavir and darunavir have all been linked to an increased risk of CVD. This narrative review is therefore focused primarily on the role of neutrophils and platelets in HIV transmission and disease, as well as on the effect of HIV and the most common ARVs on the numbers and functions of these cells, including neutrophil-platelet-endothelial interactions.
- |||||||||| ivermectin oral / Generic mfg.
PK/PD data, Journal: Interactions of anti-COVID-19 drug candidates with hepatic transporters may cause liver toxicity and affect pharmacokinetics. (Pubmed Central) - Sep 22, 2021
In the present work we have examined the in vitro interactions of some key repurposed drugs advocated to treat COVID-19 (lopinavir, ritonavir, ivermectin, remdesivir and favipiravir), with the key drug transporters of hepatocytes...Favipiravir had no significant effect on any of these transporters. Since both general drug metabolism and drug-induced liver toxicity are strongly dependent on the functioning of these transporters, the various interactions reported here may have important clinical relevance in the drug treatment of this viral disease and the existing co-morbidities.
- |||||||||| atorvastatin / Generic mfg.
Clinical, Journal: Atorvastatin therapy in COVID-19 adult inpatients: A double-blind, randomized controlled trial. (Pubmed Central) - Sep 21, 2021
Although the duration of hospitalization in the lopinavir/ritonavir + atorvastatin group was significantly reduced compared to the control group (P = 0.012), there was no significant difference in the invasive mechanical ventilation reception and the need for interferon and immunoglobulin. Atorvastatin + lopinavir/ritonavir may be more effective than lopinavir/ritonavir in treating COVID-19 adult hospitalized patients.
- |||||||||| Vemlidy (tenofovir alafenamide) / Gilead
Clinical, Review, Journal: Tenofovir alafenamide nephrotoxicity: a case report and literature review. (Pubmed Central) - Sep 19, 2021
Although TAF has less nephrotoxicity compared with TDF; renal function should always be monitored after the initiation of both drugs. Future large cohort studies are required to identify the risk factors of TAF-associated nephrotoxicity and to design an effective preventive strategy.
- |||||||||| carbamazepine / Generic mfg.
PK/PD data, Review, Journal: Pharmacokinetic Drug-Drug Interactions among Antiepileptic Drugs, Including CBD, Drugs Used to Treat COVID-19 and Nutrients. (Pubmed Central) - Sep 19, 2021
Anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) are an important group of drugs of several generations, ranging from the oldest phenobarbital (1912) to the most recent cenobamate (2019)...We pay a special attention to the new potential interactions of the applied first-generation AEDs (carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine, phenytoin, phenobarbital and primidone), on decreased concentration of some medications (atazanavir and remdesivir), or their compositions (darunavir/cobicistat and lopinavir/ritonavir) used in the treatment of COVID-19 patients...In addition, nutrients, as well as diet, cause changes in pharmacokinetics of some AEDs. The understanding of the pharmacokinetic interactions of the AEDs seems to be important in effective management of epilepsy.
- |||||||||| Actemra IV (tocilizumab) / Roche, JW Pharma
Journal: The Comparison of Lopinavir/Ritonavir Combination and Favipiravir In COVID-19 Treatment. (Pubmed Central) - Sep 16, 2021
In view of the rapid viral load suppression and restoration of CD4+ count in 8 weeks of treatment, its clinical application warrants further investigation. The use of favipiravir was more effective than LPV/RTV in reducing mortality in hospitalized patients with COVID-19.
- |||||||||| ribavirin / Generic mfg., ritonavir / Generic mfg.
PK/PD data, Review, Journal: Antiviral Drug Delivery System for Enhanced Bioactivity, Better Metabolism and Pharmacokinetic Characteristics. (Pubmed Central) - Sep 16, 2021
Notably, such AvDs as ribavirin, remdesivir, favipiravir, chloroquine, lopinavir and ritonavir have been confirmed to bind to the severe acute respiratory syndrome-like coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) receptor and thus may represent anti-COVID-19 treatments. Elucidating the metabolic and pharmacokinetic characteristics of AvDs may help pharmacologists to identify new formulations with high bioavailability and efficacy and help physicians to better treat virus-related diseases, including COVID-19.
- |||||||||| hydroxychloroquine / Generic mfg.
Clinical, Journal: The promising drugs included in WHO's Solidarity Project: a choice based in scientific knowledge and institutional competencies. (Pubmed Central) - Sep 16, 2021
Elucidating the metabolic and pharmacokinetic characteristics of AvDs may help pharmacologists to identify new formulations with high bioavailability and efficacy and help physicians to better treat virus-related diseases, including COVID-19. Hence, the results shown in this study illustrate that decisions taken by an international scientific body, as WHO, were mainly based in scientific knowledge and institutional competencies.
- |||||||||| Nexplanon (etonogestrel implant) / Organon
New trial: Kuwa Free! - Live Free! (clinicaltrials.gov) - Sep 15, 2021
P=N/A, N=700, Not yet recruiting,
- |||||||||| ritonavir / Generic mfg.
Journal: Discovery of Potent Covid-19 Main Protease Inhibitors using Integrated Drug Repurposing Strategy. (Pubmed Central) - Sep 12, 2021
Finally, the hit compounds activity against main protease was validated using molecular dynamic simulation studies. Overall, the present analysis yielded two potential inhibitors (DB02986 and DB08573) that are predicted to bind with the main protease of Covid-19 better than currently used drug molecules such as N3 (co-crystallized native ligand), Lopinavir and Ritonavir.
- |||||||||| cisplatin / Generic mfg.
Review, Journal: Detecting Novel Ototoxins and Potentiation of Ototoxicity by Disease Settings. (Pubmed Central) - Sep 8, 2021
Finally, we show the validity of in silico screening for ototoxic potential using a computational model that compares structural similarity of compounds of interest with a database of known ototoxins and non-ototoxins. Preclinical screening at in silico, in vitro, and in vivo levels can provide an earlier indication of the potential for ototoxicity and identify the subset of candidate therapeutics for treating COVID-19 that need to be monitored for ototoxicity as for other widely-used clinical therapeutics, like aminoglycosides and cisplatin.
- |||||||||| hydroxychloroquine / Generic mfg.
Review, Journal: How trustworthy guidelines can impact outcomes. (Pubmed Central) - Sep 8, 2021
We provide an example of how rapid and rigorous guidelines can be accomplished, even in the setting of a pandemic, capitalizing on expertise, large and dedicated teams, and focused scope. We highlight the benefits of multifaceted knowledge dissemination through multiple formats to ensure global dissemination and in order to maximize impact.
- |||||||||| levofloxacin / Generic mfg., lopinavir/ritonavir / Generic mfg.
Clinical, Journal: Swab and Sputum SARS-CoV-2 RNA-Negative, CT-Positive, Symptomatic Contacts of COVID-19 Cases: A Hypothesis-Generating Prospective Population-Based Cohort Study of Eight Clusters. (Pubmed Central) - Sep 7, 2021
Lopinavir/ritonavir was more often administered in Groups 1 and 2 than in Group 3...Such cases might add to the complexity and difficulty of COVID-19 control. Our hypothesis-generating study might suggest that SARS-CoV-2 RNA testing by rRT-PCR assays of common respiratory (throat swab and sputum) specimens alone, the widely accepted "golden standard" for diagnosing COVID-19, might be sometimes insufficient, and that further studies with some further procedures (e.g., testing via bronchoalveolar lavage or specific antibodies) would be warranted for Group 2-like patients, namely, the SARS-CoV-2 RNA-negative (tested using common respiratory specimens), radiographically positive, symptomatic contacts of COVID-19 cases, to further reveal their nature.
- |||||||||| lopinavir/ritonavir / Generic mfg.
Retrospective data, Journal: Retrospective analysis of severe COVID-19 pneumonia patients treated with lopinavir/ritonavir: A comparison with survivor and non-survivor patients. (Pubmed Central) - Sep 7, 2021
The presence of advanced age, active smoking, comorbidity, especially hypertension, diabetes, arrhythmia, coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure and neutrophil, C-reactive protein, lactate dehydrogenase, D-dimer and aspartate transaminase were associated with mortality. The efficacy of Lpv/r, warrants further verification in future studies.
- |||||||||| azithromycin / Generic mfg., lopinavir/ritonavir / Generic mfg.
Retrospective data, Journal: The clinical characteristics and underlying causes of liver damage in patients with COVID-19 infection: Retrospective analysis. (Pubmed Central) - Sep 4, 2021
Besides, the utilization rate of lopinavir/ritonavir, azithromycin, and methylprednisolone in COVID-19 suspected patients were significantly lower than the confirmed patients (25% vs. 62.3%, p=0.004; 35% vs. 62.3%, p=0.037; 25% vs. 64.2%, p=0.003, respectively). Liver function anomalies are one of the common symptoms associated with the COVID-19 infection, where virus-replication in the liver cells, virus-induced inflammatory response, and administration of clinical medication could be the plausible reason.
- |||||||||| Trial completion, Trial completion date, Trial primary completion date: THDMS-COVID19: Fight COVID-19 Trial (clinicaltrials.gov) - Sep 2, 2021
P3, N=320, Completed,
Liver function anomalies are one of the common symptoms associated with the COVID-19 infection, where virus-replication in the liver cells, virus-induced inflammatory response, and administration of clinical medication could be the plausible reason. Recruiting --> Completed | Trial completion date: Dec 2021 --> Aug 2021 | Trial primary completion date: Dec 2021 --> Aug 2021
- |||||||||| Actemra IV (tocilizumab) / Roche, JW Pharma
Review, Journal: Drug repurposing in COVID-19: A review with past, present and future. (Pubmed Central) - Sep 1, 2021
However, the FDA withdrew the authorization of the drugs Hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine,that are not effective for COVID-19 and can also cause serious heart problems. Molecular coupling would be the ideal technique to identify such therapeutic agents against COVID19.
- |||||||||| Evusheld (cilgavimab/tixagevimab) / AstraZeneca, Rebif (human IFN-?-1a) / EMD Serono
Enrollment open: DisCoVeRy: Trial of Treatments for COVID-19 in Hospitalized Adults (clinicaltrials.gov) - Sep 1, 2021
P3, N=2416, Recruiting,
Molecular coupling would be the ideal technique to identify such therapeutic agents against COVID19. Active, not recruiting --> Recruiting
- |||||||||| ribavirin / Generic mfg.
Review, Journal: Antiviral Therapeutic Approaches for SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Systematic Review. (Pubmed Central) - Aug 29, 2021
No significant differences were observed between patients treated with ribavirin or umifenovir and their respective control groups; Remdesivir and favipiravir are well tolerated and effective in accelerating clinical improvement. This systematic review does not support the use of lopinavir/ritonavir, ribavirin and umifenovir in hospitalized patients with COVID-19.
- |||||||||| ribavirin / Generic mfg.
Review, Journal: Theory and reality of antivirals against SARS-CoV-2. (Pubmed Central) - Aug 28, 2021
The actual effect of these drugs remains controversial. Meanwhile, the efficacy and safety of these drugs for patients with coronavirus disease 2019 still need to be explored.
- |||||||||| lopinavir/ritonavir / Generic mfg.
Journal: The profiling, identification, quantification and analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in response to drug treatment in lung cancer. (Pubmed Central) - Aug 26, 2021
This approach revealed the activation of the DNA damage response (DDR) pathway in response to LPV/r treatment. The proposed methodology will aid in the comprehension of drug metabolism at genotypic and phenotypic levels.•Gene profiling often reveals the underlying molecular mechanisms.•RT PCR gene arrays have integrated patented quality controls and allow reliable gene expression analysis.•In-silico bioinformatics analysis help reveal pathways affected, that often correspond to phenotypic changes/features.
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