- |||||||||| hydroxychloroquine / Generic mfg.
Clinical, Journal: Data and Network Analytics for COVID-19 ICU Patients: A Case Study for a Spanish Hospital. (Pubmed Central) - Dec 16, 2021
Our results illustrate how graph tools and representations yield insights on the relations among comorbidities, drug treatments, and patients' evolution. All in all, the approach put forth provides a new data-analysis tool for clinicians that can be applied to analyze (post-COVID) symptom/patient evolution.
- |||||||||| Trial completion date, Trial primary completion date: RECOVERY: Randomised Evaluation of COVID-19 Therapy (clinicaltrials.gov) - Dec 16, 2021
P2/3, N=45000, Recruiting,
The findings from the present study illustrate the persistence of nevirapine in WWTPs, and provide essential evidence for further study into the development of wastewater treatment technologies. Trial completion date: Dec 2031 --> Nov 2032 | Trial primary completion date: Dec 2021 --> Nov 2022
- |||||||||| favipiravir / Generic mfg., lopinavir/ritonavir / Generic mfg.
Trial completion, Combination therapy: FLARE: Favipiravir +/- Lopinavir: A RCT of Early Antivirals (clinicaltrials.gov) - Dec 16, 2021
P2, N=240, Completed,
Trial completion date: Dec 2031 --> Nov 2032 | Trial primary completion date: Dec 2021 --> Nov 2022 Recruiting --> Completed
- |||||||||| Actemra IV (tocilizumab) / Roche, JW Pharma
Review, Journal: Repurposed pharmacological agents for the potential treatment of COVID-19: a literature review. (Pubmed Central) - Dec 16, 2021
Whereas drugs like chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, and lopinavir/ritonavir have not shown proven benefit, the agents remdesivir and dexamethasone are recommended for clinical use for the treatment of COVID-19. Further randomised trials for other pharmacological treatment strategies are awaited.
- |||||||||| lopinavir/ritonavir / Generic mfg.
Enrollment closed, Enrollment change, Trial primary completion date: CORIPREV-LR: COVID-19 Ring-based Prevention Trial With Lopinavir/Ritonavir (clinicaltrials.gov) - Dec 13, 2021
P3, N=123, Active, not recruiting,
On the basis of this data, patients and clinicians can take precautions to avoid potential drug-interaction risks in COVID-19 treatment. Recruiting --> Active, not recruiting | N=1220 --> 123 | Trial primary completion date: Mar 2021 --> Aug 2021
- |||||||||| Actemra IV (tocilizumab) / Roche, JW Pharma
Clinical, Review, Journal: The Drug Repurposing for COVID-19 Clinical Trials Provide Very Effective Therapeutic Combinations: Lessons Learned From Major Clinical Studies. (Pubmed Central) - Dec 7, 2021
The paper also outlines the experiences gained during the repurposing of therapeutic molecules (hydroxychloroquine, ritonavir/ lopinavir, favipiravir, remdesivir, ivermectin, dexamethasone, camostatmesylate, and heparin), immunotherapeutic molecules (tocilizumab, mavrilimumab, baricitinib, and interferons), combination therapy, and convalescent plasma therapy to treat COVID-19 patients...The short-term repurposing of the existing drug may provide a successful outcome for COVID-19 patients. Therefore, more clinical trials can be initiated using potential anti-viral molecules by evaluating in different phases of clinical trials.
- |||||||||| Actemra IV (tocilizumab) / Roche, JW Pharma
Clinical, Journal, Real-world evidence: Medication Use Among Patients With COVID-19 in a Large, National Dataset: Cerner Real-World Data™. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 29, 2021
This study is the first of its kind to assess trends in medication use in a national dataset and is the first large, descriptive study of pharmacotherapy in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. It provides an important glimpse into prescribing patterns during a pandemic.
- |||||||||| bamlanivimab/etesevimab (LY-CoV555/LY-CoV016) / Eli Lilly
Journal: Update: Drug treatment options for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). (Pubmed Central) - Nov 29, 2021
However, numerous drugs that were expected to prove highly effective, such as lopinavir/ritonavir and remdesivir, have been found to have little benefit in large clinical trials...For example, bamlanivimab and etesevimab, which are newly designed monoclonal antibodies against the surface spike protein S1 subunit receptor-binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2, have a significant effect on reducing the viral load and the hospitalization rate of patients with mild COVID-19...Perhaps RBD-based vaccines are a viable way to defend against variants, but this still needs to be verified in a large sample. Therefore, this paper provides an update on the treatment options for COVID-19 based on three previously proposed dimensions of drug screening: standard assays of existing broad-spectrum antivirals, screening of chemical libraries, and redevelopment of new, specific drugs.
- |||||||||| ritonavir / Generic mfg.
Review, Journal: Current Potential Therapeutic Approaches against SARS-CoV-2: A Review. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 29, 2021
ACE2 inhibitors block TMPRSS2 and S protein priming, thus preventing SARS-CoV-2 entry to host cells. Moreover, antiviral medicines (including the nucleotide analogue remdesivir, the HIV protease inhibitors lopinavir and ritonavir, and wide-spectrum antiviral antibiotics arbidol and favipiravir) have been shown to reduce the dissemination of SARS-CoV-2 as well as morbidity and mortality associated with COVID-19.
- |||||||||| lopinavir/ritonavir / Generic mfg.
Clinical, Clinical protocol, Journal: Treatment effect of nafamostat mesylate in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 25, 2021
P2/3
Moreover, antiviral medicines (including the nucleotide analogue remdesivir, the HIV protease inhibitors lopinavir and ritonavir, and wide-spectrum antiviral antibiotics arbidol and favipiravir) have been shown to reduce the dissemination of SARS-CoV-2 as well as morbidity and mortality associated with COVID-19. Our study contributes to the establishment of therapeutic strategy in COVID-19 pneumonia by evaluating the therapeutic effect and safety of nafamostat mesilate.
- |||||||||| Prezista (darunavir) / J&J, Invirase (saquinavir) / Roche
Journal: Protease Inhibitors, Saquinavir and Darunavir, Inhibit Oligodendrocyte Maturation: Implications for Lysosomal Stress. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 24, 2021
Finally, we showed that acidifying endolysosomal pH via a mucolipin transient receptor potential channel 1 (TRPML1) agonist provides protection against saquinavir- or darunavir-induced inhibition of oligodendrocyte maturation. Our findings suggest, for the first time, a critical role of proper endolysosomal pH in regulating OL differentation, and that therapeutic targeting of endolysosomes may provide protection against antiretroviral-induced oligodendrocyte dysregulation.
- |||||||||| Actemra IV (tocilizumab) / Roche, JW Pharma
Journal, Adverse events: Potential kidney damage associated with the use of remdesivir for COVID-19: analysis of a pharmacovigilance database. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 22, 2021
The ROR remained significant when we restricted the analysis to hydroxychloroquine (4.31; 95%CI: 3.25-5.71) or tocilizumab (3.92; 95%CI: 2.51-6.12). Our results reinforce this already reported signal, emphasizing that it could be extremely useful for health professionals who prescribe this new antiviral to treat COVID-19, mainly knowing its low efficacy.
- |||||||||| Daklinza (daclatasvir) / BMS
Review, Journal: Deep Learning Driven Drug Discovery: Tackling Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 17, 2021
Consequently, deep learning has been successfully used for the identification of a number of potential drugs against SARS-CoV-2, including Atazanavir, Remdesivir, Kaletra, Enalaprilat, Venetoclax, Posaconazole, Daclatasvir, Ombitasvir, Toremifene, Niclosamide, Dexamethasone, Indomethacin, Pralatrexate, Azithromycin, Palmatine, and Sauchinone. This mini-review discusses recent advances and future perspectives of deep learning-based SARS-CoV-2 drug discovery.
- |||||||||| Actemra IV (tocilizumab) / Roche, JW Pharma
Retrospective data, Review, Journal: COVID-19 treatment in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 16, 2021
Intravenous immunoglobulin and other anti-inflammatory/immunomodulatory agents like anakinra, aspirin, and anticoagulants have important therapeutic role in cases with MIS-C. Most of the mild cases recover with conservative treatment only.
- |||||||||| Actemra IV (tocilizumab) / Roche, JW Pharma
Journal: QT Interval Monitoring and Drugs Management During COVID-19 Pandemic. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 11, 2021
Some of this drugs have been in fact associated to QT prolongation and Torsades de Point, a potentially lethal ventricular arrhythmia. Aim of this review is to highlight the magnitude of this problem, to quickly refresh clinically impacting cornerstones of QT interval and TdP pathophysiology, to summarize the available evidence regarding the QT and arrhythmia impact of drugs used in different clinical settings in COVID-19 patients, and to help the physician dealing with the knowledge needed in the everyday clinical duties in case of doubts regarding QT-induced arrhythmias in this time of emergency.
- |||||||||| hydroxychloroquine / Generic mfg.
Clinical, Review, Journal: The Standard of Care Definitions on COVID-19 Pharmacological Clinical Trials: A Systematic Review. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 6, 2021
No specification was given regarding treatment allowed in the control groups (SoC-) in 41 studies (38.0%). Our analysis shows that the findings emerging from several clinical trials regarding the efficacy and safety of pharmacological intervention for COVID-19 might be jeopardized by the quality of control arms.
- |||||||||| Arbidol (umifenovir) / Pharmstandard, Prezcobix (darunavir/cobicistat) / Gilead, J&J, Xofluza (baloxavir marboxil) / Roche, Shionogi
Clinical, Review, Journal: Clinical efficacy of antiviral agents against coronavirus disease 2019: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 4, 2021
Further larger RCTs in other countries are warranted to support these findings. In contrast, the present findings of limited RCTs did not indicate the use of lopinavir/ritonavir, sofosbuvir/ledipasvir, baloxavir, umifenovir, and darunavir/cobicistat in the treatment of patients hospitalized for COVID-19.
- |||||||||| hydroxychloroquine / Generic mfg., dexamethasone / Generic mfg., lopinavir/ritonavir / Generic mfg.
Clinical, Journal: Severe COVID-19 infection in a kidney transplant recipient treated with lopinavir/ritonavir, hydroxychloroquine and dexamethasone. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 4, 2021
In this case, author decided to stop the immunosuppressive agent followed administration of combination lopinavir/ritonavir, hydroxychloroquine, and dexamethasone that gives a good clinical impact change to patient's condition after once getting worsened and mechanically ventilated. Nevertheless, the assessment of risk and benefit in continuing immunosuppressive drugs is concurrently essential due to the prevention of transplant rejection.
- |||||||||| favipiravir / Generic mfg., lopinavir/ritonavir / Generic mfg.
Clinical, Journal: Modification of immunosuppressive agents in a kidney transplant recipient with COVID-19 and acute kidney injury. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 4, 2021
Nevertheless, the assessment of risk and benefit in continuing immunosuppressive drugs is concurrently essential due to the prevention of transplant rejection. In this case, successful modification of this immunosuppressive regimen was accomplished to reduce drug interaction complications, aiming to avoid calcineurin inhibitor nephrotoxicity while maintaining appropriate levels of immunosuppression to prevent organ rejection and to promote the patient's recovery from infection.
- |||||||||| Olumiant (baricitinib) / Incyte, Eli Lilly
Review, Journal: Candidate antiviral drugs for COVID-19 and their environmental implications: a comprehensive analysis. (Pubmed Central) - Oct 29, 2021
Thus, in this article, we have summarized the epidemiological and clinical data from several clinical trials conducted since the beginning of the pandemic, emphasizing the efficiency of the known agents against SARS-CoV-2 and their harmful side effects on the human body as well as their environmental implications. This review shows a clear overview of the current pharmaceutical perspective on COVID-19 treatment.
- |||||||||| lopinavir/ritonavir / Generic mfg.
Journal: Optimised paediatric antiretroviral treatment to achieve the 95-95-95 goals. (Pubmed Central) - Oct 27, 2021
For example, the Lopinavir/ritonavir syrup, which is the current mainstay of ART for young children, has an extremely unpleasant taste, contributing to the poor tolerability and lack of adherence by children using the formulation...Despite the approval of simplified paediatric-friendly formulations internationally, including other sub-Saharan African countries, unnecessary delays are experienced in South Africa. Clinician groups and community organisations must speak up and demand that approvals be expedited to ensure the delivery of life-changing and life-saving formulations to our patients as a matter of urgency.
- |||||||||| Viracept (nelfinavir) / ViiV Healthcare, Roche
PK/PD data, Journal: A semi-mechanistic pharmacokinetic model for depot medroxyprogesterone acetate and drug-drug interactions with antiretroviral and antituberculosis treatment. (Pubmed Central) - Oct 13, 2021
Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate is an injectable hormonal contraceptive, widely used by women of childbearing potential living with HIV and/or tuberculosis...Conversely, lopinavir/ritonavir and nelfinavir decreased clearance (28.7% and 15.8%, respectively), but lopinavir/ritonavir also accelerated medroxyprogesterone acetate's appearance into the systemic circulation, thus shortening the terminal half-life...Simulations show that re-dosing every 8-10 weeks circumvents the risk of subtherapeutic MPA exposure associated with these DDIs. Dosing DMPA every 8-10 weeks should eliminate the risk of subtherapeutic MPA exposure caused by co-administered efavirenz and/or antituberculosis treatment, thus reducing the risk of contraceptive failure.
- |||||||||| Actemra IV (tocilizumab) / Roche, JW Pharma
Review, Journal: Scientific evidence in the COVID-19 treatment: A comprehensive review. (Pubmed Central) - Oct 12, 2021
Other drugs proposed for viral phase such as convalescent plasma and lopinavir/ritonavir did not demonstrate to be effective...There are other immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory treatments such as anakinra, sarilumab, tocilizumab, colchicine or baricitinib that are being studied. Other treatments that were proposed at the beginning, like hydroxichloroquine or azithromycin, demonstrated no efficacy and increased mortality when combined.
- |||||||||| hydroxychloroquine / Generic mfg., ribavirin / Generic mfg., ritonavir / Generic mfg.
Clinical, Review, Journal: A short review on important drugs under clinical trial against Covid-19. (Pubmed Central) - Oct 9, 2021
In addition to travel restrictions and quarantine measures everyone should follow the World Health Organization advice guidelines on the management of humans infected with known or suspected infection with SARS-CoV-2 virus at the personal level. The development of vaccine or medicines for the same are under progress and this short review will summarize the most potential candidates such as Remdesivir, Lopinavir and Ritonavir, Chloroquine, Hydroxychloroquine, Hydroxychloroquine with Azithromycin, Favipiravir, Umifenovir, and Ribavirin for its medicinal treatment.
- |||||||||| remdesivir / Generic mfg., lopinavir/ritonavir / Generic mfg.
Clinical, Journal: Antiviral Combination Clinically Better Than Standard Therapy in Severe but Not in Non-Severe COVID-19. (Pubmed Central) - Oct 8, 2021
Definitive antiviral treatment is not available for COVID-19 infection, with the exception of remdesivir, which still evokes many doubts...The present study aims to evaluate the therapeutic potential of hydroxychloroquine and lopinavir-ritonavir in combination with ribavirin in mild-severe COVID-19...However, results do indicate the benefit of standard therapy in the non-severe category by 6.6%. Furthermore, the dose of ribavirin needs to be reconsidered in the Indian population.
- |||||||||| Actemra IV (tocilizumab) / Roche, JW Pharma
Clinical, Review: Drug-Induced Liver Injury in COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review. (Pubmed Central) - Oct 8, 2021
Liver injury in COVID-19 patients could be caused by the virus itself or the administration of some types of drug. Intensive liver function monitoring should be considered for patients, especially patients who are treated with drugs such as remdesivir, lopinavir/ritonavir, and tocilizumab.
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