galantamine hydrobromide / Generic mfg. 
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  • ||||||||||  galantamine hydrobromide / Generic mfg.
    Preclinical, Journal:  Phytochemical Profiling, Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, Thrombolytic, Hemolytic Activity In Vitro and In Silico Potential of Portulacaria afra&nbsp. (Pubmed Central) -  Apr 30, 2022   
    The BUTPA and CHPA showed moderate acetylcholinesterase and butrylcholinesterase inhibition, ranging from 40.78 ± 0.52 to 58.97 ± 0.33, compared to galantamine...It was concluded that active phytochemicals were present in P. afra, with the potential for multiple pharmacological applications as a latent source of pharmaceutically important compounds. This should be further explored to isolate secondary metabolites that can be employed in the treatment of different diseases.
  • ||||||||||  morphine sulphate / Generic mfg., galantamine hydrobromide / Generic mfg.
    Review, Journal:  Natural isoquinoline alkaloids: Pharmacological features and multi-target potential for complex diseases. (Pubmed Central) -  Apr 26, 2022   
    This review offers an exhaustive compilation of the pharmacological relevance and multi-target potential of natural isoquinolines, emphasizing their features and promising activity in complex diseases such as Alzheimer, Parkinson, and Cancer. Selected examples were discussed in depth to illustrate the most relevant structural motifs and their possible relationship with the multimodal activity offering a comprehensive baseline in the search and optimization of isoquinoline scaffolds with polypharmacological potential for complex diseases.
  • ||||||||||  Cognex (tacrine) / Shionogi
    Review, Journal:  Alzheimer's disease therapy based on acetylcholinesterase inhibitor/blocker effects on voltage-gated potassium channels. (Pubmed Central) -  Apr 8, 2022   
    Inhibition of Kv channels by these AChE inhibitors can generate neuroprotective effects by either mitigating Aβ toxicity and neuronal apoptosis, or facilitating cell proliferation. These inhibitory effects provide additional explanations for clinical beneficial effectiveness of AChE inhibitors, meaning that Kv channel is a promising candidate target for novel drugs for AD therapy.
  • ||||||||||  galantamine hydrobromide / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Phytochemical Insights into Ficus sur Extracts and Their Biological Activity. (Pubmed Central) -  Apr 2, 2022   
    Stem bark infusion and methanolic extract showed antineoplastic activity against cervical adenocarcinoma and colon cancer cell lines, whereas leaf methanolic extract exerted moderate antiviral activity towards HHV-1. This investigation yielded important scientific data on F. sur which might be used to generate innovative phytopharmaceuticals.
  • ||||||||||  galantamine hydrobromide / Generic mfg., memantine / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Nutraceuticals and their Derived Nano-formulations for the Prevention and Treatment of Alzheimer's disease. (Pubmed Central) -  Apr 1, 2022   
    Thus, in this review, we have discussed the etiology of AD, focused on the pharmacotherapeutics of nutraceuticals with preclinical and clinical evidence, discussed pharmaceutical limitation and regulatory aspects of nutraceuticals to ensure safety and efficacy. We further explored the latitude of various nanoformulation of nutraceuticals as a novel approach to overcome the existing pharmaceutical limitation and for effective delivery into the brain.
  • ||||||||||  galantamine hydrobromide / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Phytochemical contents of different parts of the seeded raisins from the South-East Anatolia: Enzyme inhibitory potential of pulp extracts. (Pubmed Central) -  Mar 23, 2022   
    Additionally, the ethanol extracts of all pulp samples showed higher anticholinesterase activity against acetyl-(AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) enzymes than galantamine...Considering the mineral content of the varieties and the soil samples they grow in, all of the grape varieties analyzed in the study was found to be rich. Based on these findings, it might be suggested that Banazı Siyahı and Kerküş varieties have potential to be utilized in pharmaceutical and food industries, due to their contents of catechins, isoquercitrin and astragalin.
  • ||||||||||  methylphenidate tablet / Generic mfg., galantamine hydrobromide / Generic mfg., memantine / Generic mfg.
    Review, Journal:  Pharmacological Management of Apathy in Dementia. (Pubmed Central) -  Mar 23, 2022   
    Regarding FTD- and DLB-related apathy, initial studies with agomelatine and rivastigmine showed benefits, respectively...With regards to mixed populations, memantine, galantamine and gingko biloba showed effects on apathy in the AD plus VaD populations and nimodipine in the VaD plus mixed dementia populations...There should also be a consensus on using scales with high test/retest and interrater reliabilities to limit the inconsistencies between clinical trials. In conclusion, there are currently no US FDA-approved drugs that target apathy in dementia, so there is an ongoing need for the development of such drugs.
  • ||||||||||  galantamine hydrobromide / Generic mfg.
    Review, Journal:  Potential Therapeutic Applications of Plant-Derived Alkaloids against Inflammatory and Neurodegenerative Diseases. (Pubmed Central) -  Mar 23, 2022   
    Out of which, eight alkaloids such as tetrahydropalmatine, berberine, tetrandrine, aloperine, sinomenine, oxymatrine, harmine, and galantamine are found to be optimal within the categorical range when compared to nicotine. These alkaloids could be exploited as starting materials for novel drug synthesis or, to a lesser extent, manage inflammation and neurodegenerative-related complications.
  • ||||||||||  galantamine hydrobromide / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Untargeted Phenolic Profiling and Functional Insights of the Aerial Parts and Bulbs of Drimia maritima (L.) Stearn. (Pubmed Central) -  Mar 11, 2022   
    The best acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) abilities were recorded by ethyl acetate extract of aerial parts (2.36 mg galantamine equivalent (GALAE)/g) and bulbs (5.10 mg GALAE/g), respectively. Overall, these results support the medicinal aptitude of D. maritima and its possible use as a natural source of antioxidants and enzyme inhibitors with functional potential.
  • ||||||||||  galantamine hydrobromide / Generic mfg., memantine / Generic mfg., rivastigmine / Generic mfg.
    Rational Prescribing of Antidementia Agents to Medicare Beneficiaries (Virtual) -  Mar 8, 2022 - Abstract #ISPOR2022ISPOR_1681;    
    Conclusions : The findings suggest that prescribers are limiting the use of antidementia drugs to donepezil and memantine. Future studies may examine if prescribing these drugs is associated with fewer adverse drug events and favorable health outcomes than other antidementia agents.
  • ||||||||||  galantamine hydrobromide / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Essential Oil Content, Antioxidative Characteristics and Enzyme Inhibitory Activity of Sideritis akmanii Aytaç, Ekici & Dönmez (Pubmed Central) -  Mar 3, 2022   
    Anti-ChE activity was determined that acetone extract (42.95%±0.90; 217.37±0.81 mg galantamine equivalents [(GALAEs)/g] exhibited higher than methanol (33.33%±1.81; 208.76±1.62 mg GALAE/g)...It has been determined that S. akmanii Aytaç, Ekici & Dönmez extracts have antioxidant properties and can inhibit acetylcholinesterase, α-glucosidase, α-amylase enzymes. This study is informative on future studies on S. akmanii a highly bioavailable species and very extensive studies should be carried out.
  • ||||||||||  galantamine hydrobromide / Generic mfg.
    Preclinical, Journal:  Neuroprotective Effects of Myrtenal in an Experimental Model of Dementia Induced in Rats. (Pubmed Central) -  Feb 26, 2022   
    The animals were divided into 5 groups (1) Controls; (2) Sc; (3) Sc + Myrtenal (40 mg/kg), (4) Sc + Galantamine (1 mg/kg); (5) Sc + Lipoic acid (30 mg/kg)...For the first time, we have demonstrated the neuroprotective potential of myrtenal in an experimental model of dementia. Our study provides proof-of-concept for the testing of myrtenal, in association with standard of care treatments, in patients affected by cognitive decline.
  • ||||||||||  galantamine hydrobromide / Generic mfg.
    Preclinical, Journal:  Phytochemical Profiling, In Vitro Biological Activities, and In Silico Molecular Docking Studies of Dracaena reflexa. (Pubmed Central) -  Feb 22, 2022   
    The results showed that n-butanol fraction exhibited very significant tyrosinase inhibition activity (73.46 ± 0.80) and acetylcholinesterase inhibition activity (64.06 ± 2.65%) as compared to other fractions and comparable to the standard compounds (kojic acid and galantamine)...Furthermore, the major compounds as identified by GC-MS were analyzed using in silico molecular docking studies to determine the binding affinity between the ligands and the enzymes (tyrosinase, acetylcholinesterase, and butyrylcholinesterase enzymes). The results of this study suggest that Dracaena reflexa has unquestionable pharmaceutical importance and it should be further explored for the isolation of secondary metabolites that can be employed for the treatment of different diseases.
  • ||||||||||  galantamine hydrobromide / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Sinomenine Hydrochloride Ameliorates Fish Foodborne Enteritis via α7nAchR-Mediated Anti-Inflammatory Effect Whilst Altering Microbiota Composition. (Pubmed Central) -  Feb 15, 2022   
    Our previous study has revealed galantamine's effect on soybean induced enteritis (SBMIE) and has highlighted the possible role of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway in the fish gut...Echoing, the sinomenine group's 16s sequencing result, there were fewer enteritis-related TM7, Sphingomonas and Shigella, but more Cetobacterium, which were related to glucose metabolism. Our findings indicate that sinomenine hydrochloride could be important in the prevention of fish foodborne enteritis at both immune and microbiota levels.
  • ||||||||||  galantamine hydrobromide / Generic mfg., memantine / Generic mfg.
    Review, Journal:  Galantamine-Memantine Combination and Kynurenine Pathway Enzyme Inhibitors in the Treatment of Neuropsychiatric Disorders. (Pubmed Central) -  Feb 11, 2022   
    In line with this hypothesis, KYNA may be considered as the "conductor of the orchestra" for the major pathophysiological mechanisms underlying CNS disorders. Therefore, there is great opportunity to further explore and compare the biological effects of these therapeutic modalities in animal models with a special focus on their effects on KP metabolites in the CNS and with the ultimate goal of progressing to clinical trials for many neuropsychiatric diseases.
  • ||||||||||  galantamine hydrobromide / Generic mfg., memantine / Generic mfg., fluoxetine / Generic mfg.
    Preclinical, Journal:  The involvement of inflammation in the effect of the administration of donepezil, galantamine, memantine and/or fluoxetine in an animal model of depression and dementia. (Pubmed Central) -  Feb 4, 2022   
    Therefore, there is great opportunity to further explore and compare the biological effects of these therapeutic modalities in animal models with a special focus on their effects on KP metabolites in the CNS and with the ultimate goal of progressing to clinical trials for many neuropsychiatric diseases. The results obtained in the present study indicate that there is a pathophysiological interaction between diseases, and that the association of medications in the future may be a possible therapeutic strategy to reduce the inflammation, especially in association with fluoxetine.
  • ||||||||||  galantamine hydrobromide / Generic mfg., memantine / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Dementia care in diverse older adults in the Deep South and the rest of the United States. (Pubmed Central) -  Feb 4, 2022   
    ADRD specialist and drug utilization is relatively low in both DS and non-DS, with no significant R/E differences. Research should continue to examine factors that may drive medical care decisions of older adults with ADRD in US regions with different socio-economic and medical resource contexts.
  • ||||||||||  galantamine hydrobromide / Generic mfg., memantine / Generic mfg.
    Review, Journal:  Systematic review of pharmacological interventions for people with Lewy body dementia. (Pubmed Central) -  Feb 4, 2022   
    We list evidence-based recommendations for the pharmacological management of DLB and PDD, and propose specific clinical guidelines for improving their clinical management. Supplemental data for this article can be accessed online at https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2022.2032601 .
  • ||||||||||  galantamine hydrobromide / Generic mfg., memantine / Generic mfg.
    Review, Journal:  New therapeutics beyond amyloid-β and tau for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. (Pubmed Central) -  Jan 29, 2022   
    In this review we updated the recent development of new therapeutics that regulate neurotransmitters, inflammation, lipid metabolism, autophagy, microbiota, circadian rhythm, and disease-modified genes for AD in preclinical research and clinical trials. It is to emphasize the importance of early diagnosis and multiple-target intervention, which may provide a promising outcome for AD treatment.
  • ||||||||||  donepezil / Generic mfg., galantamine hydrobromide / Generic mfg.
    Preclinical, Journal:  Multiple cholinesterase inhibitors have antidepressant-like properties in the mouse forced swim test. (Pubmed Central) -  Jan 28, 2022   
    In a recent publication, we demonstrated an antidepressant-like role for the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor (AChEI) donepezil in the C57BL/6J mouse forced swim test (FST)...Here we investigate the effects of three other AChEIs with varying molecular structures: galantamine, physostigmine, and rivastigmine, to test whether they also exhibit antidepressant-like effects in the FST...Further, we find that their antidepressant-like effects are not mediated by generalized hyperactivity in the novel open field test, and are also not accompanied by anxiolytic-like properties. These data further support the hypothesis that acetylcholine has a u-shaped dose-response relationship with immobility in the C57BL/6 J mouse FST, and provide a rationale for more thoroughly investigating whether reversible AChEIs as a class can be repurposed for the treatment of MDD in human subjects.
  • ||||||||||  galantamine hydrobromide / Generic mfg.
    Acetylcholinesterase kinetics and inhibitors: Potential applications in Alzhemer's disease treatment (Virtual Room (Marriott Marquis San Diego Marina)) -  Jan 28, 2022 - Abstract #ACSSp2022ACS_Sp_10061;    
    The KI values for caffeine and triethylamine are 51 μM and 12.5 μM, respectively. Computational binding studies confirmed that acetylcholine esterase and galantamine complex is most stable among the three enzyme inhibitor complexes.
  • ||||||||||  donepezil / Generic mfg., galantamine hydrobromide / Generic mfg.
    Analysis of the effect of Alzheimer’s disease therapeutics on mitoNEET expression (In-Person Room (Virtual Room)) -  Jan 28, 2022 - Abstract #ACSSp2022ACS_Sp_3117;    
    The results showed no change in mitoNEET expression when exposed to 5, 50, 500 µM of donepezil and rivastigamine, and 0.1, 1, 10, 100 µM of galantamine compared to a control with no treatment exposure. Further studies will investigate mitoNEET regulation in response other AD therapeutics.
  • ||||||||||  galantamine hydrobromide / Generic mfg.
    Clinical, Journal:  Galantamine prevents and reverses neuroimmune induction and loss of adult hippocampal neurogenesis following adolescent alcohol exposure. (Pubmed Central) -  Jan 27, 2022   
    This study provides not only a strategy to discover lead chemome for modern drug development, but also a reference for the application of different parts of medicinal plants. Collectively, our studies suggest that (1) loss of neurogenesis after AIE is mediated by persistent induction of proinflammatory cascades which drive activation of cell death machinery in immature neurons, and (2) galantamine can prevent and restore AIE disruptions in the hippocampal environmental milieu to then prevent and restore AIE-mediated loss of neurogenesis.