- |||||||||| nalidixic acid / Generic Mfg.
Journal: Occurrence and Characterization of Salmonella Isolated from Large-Scale Breeder Farms in Shandong Province, China. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 22, 2019
Among these isolates, S. Enteritidis (100%) was the predominant serovar, and high antimicrobial resistance rates to nalidixic acid (100.0%), streptomycin (100.0%), ampicillin (98.4%), and erythromycin (93.7%) were observed...MLST results showed that only one sequence type (ST11) was identified. Our findings indicated that Salmonella was generally prevalent not only on broiler farms but also on breeder farms.
- |||||||||| ciprofloxacin / Generic Mfg.
Clinical, Journal: Changing epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance in Vibrio cholerae: AMR surveillance findings (2006-2016) from Nepal. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 22, 2019
With changing epidemiology and antibiogram of V.cholerae in Nepal, the present study reflects the importance of continuous monitoring, which could be used by policy makers and health professionals for better management of outbreaks. Decline in tetracycline and ciprofloxacin resistance along with emerging sensitivity to furazolidone shows that these drugs could make an effective comeback in future.
- |||||||||| nalidixic acid / Generic Mfg.
Journal: Benzimidazole Schiff base derivatives: synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activity. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 20, 2019
Gram negative bacteria Klebsiella pneumonia and Escherichia coli were more affected on exposure to Compounds 3.c-f (MIC 7.8 µg/mL) which in turn exhibited more antibacterial potency than nalidixic acid reference drug that displayed MICs between 64 and 512 µg/mL against K. pneumonia and E. coli respectively...Compounds 3.c, 3.d and 3.f were biocompatible with HeLa cells and displayed low toxicity. With a very low cytotoxic effect against HeLa, compound 3.c stands out to be a very good antiparasitic agent and consideration to further evaluate the candidate drug against others cell lines is necessary.
- |||||||||| nalidixic acid / Generic Mfg.
Journal: Regulation and function of the flavonoid-inducible efflux system, emrR-emrAB, in Agrobacterium tumefaciens C58. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 14, 2019
In contrast, disruption of emrR conferred protection against nalidixic acid and novobiocin, but it rendered A. tumefaciens sensitive to tetracycline and erythromycin...These findings demonstrate that proper regulation of emrR-emrAB is required for free-living A. tumefaciens to survive in deleterious environments in which toxic compounds are present. Nonetheless, A. tumefaciens strains that lack emrR or emrA still have the ability to cause tumors when infecting Nicotiana benthamiana plants.
- |||||||||| meropenem / Generic Mfg., Daewon Pharmaceutical
Preclinical, Journal: Animal-Use Antibiotics Induce Cross-Resistance in Bacterial Pathogens to Human Therapeutic Antibiotics. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 14, 2019
Pre-exposure of these bacteria to a sub-inhibitory concentration of tilmicosin and florfenicol, increased cross-resistance against ampicillin, tetracycline, and nalidixic acid from 1.25- to 40-fold compared to the antibiotic unexposed bacteria with the exception of meropenem, which did not show increased resistance. This study could serve as a foundation to understand the mechanisms of acquired cross-resistance to traditional therapeutic antibiotics, and to develop strategies to alleviate such problem by using alternative antimicrobials.
- |||||||||| nalidixic acid / Generic Mfg.
Journal: Genome analysis of antimicrobial resistance, virulence, and plasmid presence in Turkish Salmonella serovar Infantis isolates. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 14, 2019
Infantis) isolates were found to have a multi-drug resistance profile (kanamycin, streptomycin, nalidixic acid, tetracycline, sulfonamide, and sometimes to ampicillin) and high prevalence (91%) in Turkish poultry in our previous studies...Site 2 (around 75-110 kb) had the antimicrobial resistance genes (aadA, sulI, tetA, tetR) and mercury (mer) resistance gene on tranposons Tn552 and Tn501. Presence of these AMR and virulence genes suggests they may have a role in the emergence of S. Infantis in poultry and support treating this serotype as a an important human health hazard.
- |||||||||| ciprofloxacin / Generic Mfg.
Journal: Biofilm formation, virulence and antimicrobial resistance of different Campylobacter jejuni isolates from a poultry slaughterhouse. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 8, 2019
A combination of several changes in the genome of ST 904 (PFGE C) including mutations, insertions in antimicrobial resistance genes, the presence of T6SS and a set of genes related to virulence factors might explain its ability to form biofilm and persist longer in the environment. However, the complexity of the survival strategies adopted by the different strains of C. jejuni suggests that multiple mechanisms may exist that allow these organisms to persist and ultimately cause disease in humans.
- |||||||||| Garamycin (gentamicin sulfate) / Generic Mfg.
Journal: Characterization of Listeria Monocytogenes Originating from the Spanish Meat-Processing Chain. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 8, 2019
Less than 3% of the strains showed resistance to the antibiotic classes used in human listeriosis therapy (i.e., ampicillin, gentamicin, rifampicin, chloramphenicol, enrofloxacin, vancomycin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, erythromycin, and tetracycline)...The isolates of L. monocytogenes belonging to serotypes 3a and 4a, as well as L. ivanovii, showed a greater (p < 0.05) biofilm-forming ability than did the remaining strains, including those that belong to the serotypes commonly implied in human listeriosis (1/2a, 1/2b, 1/2c and 4b). The need for training in good hygiene practices during the handling of meat and poultry is highlighted to reduce the risk of human listeriosis.
- |||||||||| nalidixic acid / Generic Mfg.
Journal: Similar Levels of Antimicrobial Resistance in U.S. Food Service Ground Beef Products with and without a "Raised without Antibiotics" Claim. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 6, 2019
The following bacteria were cultured: Escherichia coli, tetracycline-resistant (TET) E. coli, third-generation cephalosporin-resistant (3GC) E. coli, Salmonella enterica, TET S. enterica, 3GC S. enterica, nalidixic acid-resistant S. enterica, Enterococcus spp., erythromycin-resistant Enterococcus spp., TET Enterococcus spp., Staphylococcus aureus, and methicillin-resistant S. aureus...These results were consistent with prior research suggesting antimicrobial use in U.S. beef cattle has minimal impact on the AMR of bacteria found in these products. These results should spur a reevaluation of assumptions regarding the impact of antimicrobial use during U.S. beef production on the AMR of bacteria in ground beef.
- |||||||||| ciprofloxacin / Generic Mfg.
Journal: Current Trends and Future Directions of Fluoroquinolones. (Pubmed Central) - Oct 26, 2019
Since the discovery of nalidixic acid, the prototype of quinolones, several structural modifications to the quinolone nucleus have been carried out for improvement of potency, spectrum of activity, and to understand their structure activity relationship (SAR)...Based on this concept, several fluoroquionolones derivatives have been synthesized and biologically evaluated as antibacterial, antituberculosis, antiproliferative, antiviral and antifungal agents. This review is an attempt to focus on the therapeutic prospects of fluoroquinolones with an updated account on their atypical applications such as antitubercular and anticancer activities.
- |||||||||| ciprofloxacin / Generic Mfg.
Journal: Antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli isolates from cattle in Eastern Algeria. (Pubmed Central) - Oct 25, 2019
This study demonstrates that commensal E. coli remains a potential source of antibiotic resistance in view of the high prevalence of antimicrobial resistance. The vast range of MDR phenotypes, especially extended-spectrum ß-lactamases producing strains, emphasizes the urgent requirement to adopt measures to control the use of antimicrobials, in particular, by private veterinarians, as well as the strengthening of veterinary surveillance networks for antimicrobial resistance to control the spread of MDR bacteria from animals to humans and the environment.
- |||||||||| ciprofloxacin / Generic Mfg., ceftazidime / Generic Mfg.
Clinical, Journal: Molecular epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella isolates from broilers and pigs in Thailand. (Pubmed Central) - Oct 25, 2019
Based on PFGE results among 52 S. Typhimurium isolates from broilers and pigs, a high genetic relatedness between broiler and pig isolates (85% similarity) in Cluster A and C from PFGE result was identified. The results revealed high cross-contamination between these two animal species across various provinces in Thailand.
- |||||||||| ciprofloxacin / Generic Mfg., Garamycin (gentamicin sulfate) / Generic Mfg.
Preclinical, Journal: Antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli and class 1 integrons in people, domestic animals, and wild primates in rural Uganda. (Pubmed Central) - Oct 11, 2019
The frequency of resistance reached 20.3% of isolates for trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole but was nearly zero for the less commonly available antibiotics ciprofloxacin (0.4%), gentamicin (0.2%), and ceftiofur (0.1%)...Across antibiotics, resistance correlated negatively with the local price of the antibiotic, with the most expensive antibiotics (nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin) showing near-zero resistance...The percent of resistant isolates decreased with increasing local price of the antibiotic. Antibiotic resistance in this setting likely reflects environmental diffusion of bacteria or their genes, perhaps facilitated by local ecological and socioeconomic conditions.
- |||||||||| nalidixic acid / Generic Mfg.
Journal: Antibiotic resistance of Escherichia coli isolated from captive Bengal tigers at Safari parks in Bangladesh. (Pubmed Central) - Oct 5, 2019
Sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, nalidixic acid, and tetracycline were 89% (n = 16/18) resistant...This study, first time in Bangladesh, highlights a significant proportion of environmental fecal samples from captive Bengal tigers at Safari parks harboring antibiotic resistant E. coli. Transmission of resistant E. coli from Bengal tigers to humans and the environment could pose a public health risk at Safari parks in Bangladesh.
- |||||||||| ciprofloxacin / Generic Mfg., Garamycin (gentamicin sulfate) / Generic Mfg.
Journal: Isolation of multi-drug resistant Klebsiella sp. from bovine mastitis samples in Rangpur, Bangladesh. (Pubmed Central) - Oct 5, 2019
On the other hand, Chloramphenicol, Gentamicin, Ciprofloxacin, Azithromycin, Norfloxacin, Levofloxacin, and Nalidixic acid showed sensitivity. This study helps to treat BM with effective antibiotics and helps in an epidemiological study in Rangpur division as well as helps to create public health awareness.
- |||||||||| ceftriaxone / Generic Mfg.
Clinical, Journal: Molecular epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance of invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella in China, 2007-2016. (Pubmed Central) - Oct 3, 2019
Steadily increasing numbers of nalidixic acid, cefotaxime, and ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates, but decreasing numbers of multidrug resistance isolates were detected during the study period...Furthermore, we detected beta-lactamases genes in the ceftriaxone-resistant isolates...Finally, a range of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns were detected among the Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Typhimurium isolates. High rates of multidrug resistance and steadily increasing cefotaxime and ciprofloxacin-resistant iNTS could pose a significant challenge for the effective treatment of salmonellosis in China.
- |||||||||| nalidixic acid / Generic Mfg.
Preclinical, Journal: Bacteriophages Reduce Pathogenic Escherichia coli Counts in Mice Without Distorting Gut Microbiota. (Pubmed Central) - Sep 27, 2019
A total of 85 mice were inoculated with E. coli O157:H7 strain Ec231 [nalidixic acid resistant (NalAc)] via oral gavage, and were randomized into six groups separated into three categories: 1st category received PBS or No phage/No PBS (control), 2nd category received either F.O.P., F.O.P...However, the F.O.P. bacteriophage preparation had less impact on the gut microbiota compared to ampicillin.
- |||||||||| nalidixic acid / Generic Mfg.
Journal: Characterization of OXA-258 enzymes and AxyABM efflux pump from Achromobacter ruhlandii. (Pubmed Central) - Sep 26, 2019
The contribution of OXA-258a enzymes to the final β-lactam resistance profile may be secondary. Further studies on other putative resistance markers identified in the whole genome analysis should be conducted to understand the carbapenem resistance observed in A. ruhlandii.
- |||||||||| nalidixic acid / Generic Mfg.
Journal: Influence of magnetite stoichiometry on the binding of emerging organic contaminants. (Pubmed Central) - Sep 20, 2019
This study, for the first time, demonstrates that the stoichiometry strongly affects the capacity of magnetite to bind not only quinolone antibiotics such as nalidixic acid (NA) and flumequine (FLU), but also salicylic acid (SA), natural organic matter (humic acid, HA), and dissolved silicates...This enhancement in binding capability of magnetite for NA is still observed in presence of environmentally relevant ligands (e.g. 10 mg L-1 of HA or 100 µM of silicates). Using surface complexation modeling, it was shown that the NA-magnetite complexation constant does not vary with Fe(II)/Fe(III) between 0.24 and 0.40, but increases by 8 orders of magnitude when Fe(II)/Fe(III) increases from 0.40 to 0.50.
- |||||||||| nalidixic acid / Generic Mfg.
Journal: Genetic relatedness, antimicrobial resistance and biofilm formation of Salmonella isolated from naturally contaminated poultry and their processing environment in northern Malaysia. (Pubmed Central) - Sep 18, 2019
Resistance to sulphonamide (96.5%), ampicillin (89.5%), tetracycline (85.1%), chloramphenicol (75.4%), trimethoprim (68.4%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (67.5%), streptomycin (58.8%) and nalidixic acid (44.4%) were observed...All Salmonella strains produced biofilm and 69.3% of them were strong biofilm-producers. Our findings suggested that most likely, persistent Salmonella colonises various sites in the processing environment by producing biofilm, which leads to their widespread dissemination in wet markets located in northern Malaysia.
- |||||||||| nalidixic acid / Generic Mfg.
Journal: Antibiotic resistance pattern and virulence genesin avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) from different breeding systems. (Pubmed Central) - Aug 28, 2019
...Resistance was most frequently detected against ampicillin and nalidixic acid meanwhile E. coli isolates showed less resistance to the cephalosporins...The virulence genes tsh, vat, papC, and astA were detected from 11, 7, 5 and 3 APEC strains, respectively. Results demonstrated the importance of studies on APEC and antibiotic resistance genes in Italy, and it was shown that the systems of breeding might influence the antibiotic resistanc.
- |||||||||| meropenem / Generic Mfg., Daewon Pharmaceutical, Garamycin (gentamicin sulfate) / Generic Mfg.
Journal: Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistance in Escherichia coli Isolated from Retail Meat in Tokyo, Japan (Pubmed Central) - Aug 22, 2019
Moreover, CTX resistance rate in isolates from domestic chicken was significantly lower in 2016 (0.9%, 1/111) and in 2017 (0.8%, 1/121) than in 2012 (10.6%, 17/161). In conclusion, E. coli isolates from retail meat were most commonly resistant to TC, and CTX resistance was higher in E. coli isolates from imported chicken than in E. coli isolates from domestic chicken.
- |||||||||| ciprofloxacin / Generic Mfg., ceftriaxone / Generic Mfg.
Clinical Pearls in Current Diagnosis and Management of Salmonella paratyphi Infection (Exhibit Halls 3 and 4 (Street Level)) - Aug 8, 2019 - Abstract #ACG2019ACG_1281;
However, additional requested sensitivity testing found nalidixic acid resistance, and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 1 to ciprofloxacin...We demonstrate the utility of blood cultures, and how negative stool cultures may lead to false reassurance. Antibiotic resistance with Salmonella is challenging, particularly if providers are unaware of minimum inhibitory concentration cut-offs before selecting conventional fluoroquinolone therapy.
- |||||||||| ciprofloxacin / generics
Journal: Subtype-specific selection for resistance to fluoroquinolones but not to tetracyclines occurs in Campylobacter jejuni from beef cattle in confined feeding operations in Southern Alberta, Canada. (Pubmed Central) - Aug 3, 2019
The large numbers of cattle arriving from diverse locations at the CFOs and intermingling within the CFOs over time, coupled with the high density housing of animals, the high rates of transmission of C. jejuni subtypes amongst animals, and the extensive use of AMAs merge to create an ideal situation where the proliferation of diverse antimicrobial resistant C. jejuni subtypes is facilitated. Considering that southern Alberta reports high rates of campylobacteriosis in the human population and that many of these clinical cases are due to C. jejuni subtypes associated with cattle, it is likely that the characteristics of beef cattle CFOs favor propagation of clinically-relevant C. jejuni subtypes including those resistant to medically important AMAs, which constitutes a risk to human health.
- |||||||||| nalidixic acid / generics
Clinical, Journal: Whole-genome sequencing and genetic analysis reveals novel stress responses against individual constituents of essential oils in Escherichia coli. (Pubmed Central) - Aug 3, 2019
...These derivative strains showed increased MIC values of ICs and concomitantly enhanced resistance to various antibiotics (ampicillin, trimethoprim, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, kanamycin, novobiocin, norfloxacin, cephalexin, and nalidixic acid) compared to those for the parental strain (wild type [WT])...The information provided a detailed insight into the mechanisms of bacterial resistance arising from exposure to carvacrol, citral, and (+)-limonene oxide. Future experiments will undoubtedly yield additional insights into genes and pathways contributing to the acquisition of endogenous ICs resistance.
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