nalidixic acid / Generic mfg. 
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  • ||||||||||  ampicillin / Generic mfg.
    [VIRTUAL] Antibiotic Resistance Horizontal Gene Transfer from the Commensal Microbiota to Salmonella enterica Serovar Heidelberg, in the Chicken Gastrointestinal Tract (Poster Hall) -  May 9, 2021 - Abstract #WMF2021WMF_3367;    
    One hundred seventy-eight one day-old chicks were split between 3 rooms and orally inoculated with 2X10^8 cfu of nalidixic acid resistant Salmonella...Ten birds from each group were euthanized at 1, 2, 4, and 6 weeks of age, and cecal contents were collected for total Salmonella enumeration as well as determination of acquired tetracycline or ampicillin resistance...Ongoing research aims to explore the genetic diversity of the antibiotic resistance determinants acquired by Salmonella from the microbiota. Understanding factors that contribute to commensal bacteria transferring resistance genes to pathogens will inform interventions to slow this process.
  • ||||||||||  nalidixic acid / Generic mfg., gentamicin sulfate / Generic mfg.
    [VIRTUAL] MALDI TOF MS: A Tool for Improved Detection of Group B Streptococcus Colonization Among Pregnant Women (Poster Hall) -  May 9, 2021 - Abstract #WMF2021WMF_2145;    
    Agreement between culture- and MALDI-TOF-based methods was high: 98.3% (Kappa= 0.926; SE of kappa = 0.033). Overall, our results indicate that the proposed alternative MALDI-TOF MS-based approach may be suitable for faster and reliable GBS detection in pregnant women, with potential application in clinical laboratories.
  • ||||||||||  aztreonam / Generic mfg., nalidixic acid / Generic mfg., ceftazidime / Generic mfg.
    [VIRTUAL] Characterization of Shiga Toxin-Producing E. coli (STEC) Isolated from Wild Mammals (Poster Hall) -  May 9, 2021 - Abstract #WMF2021WMF_1893;    
    In addition to stx, all strains encode several virulence factors, mainly toxins, adhesins, fimbrae, secretion systems, among others. Additionally, several pathogenicity islands have been predicted for these strains.Our results show that wild animals are reservoirs of STEC, potentially pathogenic to humans.
  • ||||||||||  ceftriaxone / Generic mfg., ampicillin / Generic mfg.
    [VIRTUAL] Evaluation of Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Yersinia Spp Using Broth Microdilution (Poster Hall) -  May 9, 2021 - Abstract #WMF2021WMF_1733;    
    Our results indicate that from 2014-2019 there was no marked decreased susceptibility to agents commonly used for therapy among Yersinia spp in the U.S. The high ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and cefoxitin MICs are consistent with the fact that Yersinia spp often produce beta-lactamase. Antimicrobial susceptibility should be monitored periodically to identify important changes in susceptibility in this pathogen as early as possible.
  • ||||||||||  amoxicillin / Generic mfg.
    [VIRTUAL] High Levels of Antibiotic Resistance in Hospital and Urban Wastewater in Iquitos, Peru (Poster Hall) -  May 9, 2021 - Abstract #WMF2021WMF_1157;    
    Meropenem resistance was found in HWW (n=2) only...More in-depth analysis of antimicrobial-resistant genes (ARGs) is needed. The environmental persistence of AMR in sewage represents a potential risk to human and animal populations and highlights the need for improved AMR surveillance in hospital and urban settings.
  • ||||||||||  ampicillin / Generic mfg., meropenem / Generic mfg.
    [VIRTUAL] Prevalence and Seasonal Disparity of Meropenem Resistant E. coli in Sewage Water in Islamabad, Pakistan (Poster Hall) -  May 9, 2021 - Abstract #WMF2021WMF_452;    
    All environmental meropenem resistant E. coli were MDR and mostly belonged to commensals phylogenetics group (clad I/II) which indirectly represents the community carriage and potential hazard for public health. Co-occurrence of carbapenemases with ESBLs and PMQRs in E. coli in environment calls for extensive surveillance and prompt action to control clinically important resistant bacteria in environment before they become part of ecosystem.
  • ||||||||||  ciprofloxacin oral / Generic mfg., nalidixic acid / Generic mfg.
    [VIRTUAL] Inverse Correlation Between AMR Determinants and Type I-E* CRISPR-Cas Systems in MDR Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates from Egypt Over Time (2000-2011) (Poster Hall) -  May 9, 2021 - Abstract #WMF2021WMF_207;    
    A significant increase was detected among K. pneumoniae group 2 isolates in comparison with group 1 in the prevalence of metallo-β-lactamase production (32% (n=20) vs. 8% (n=5), P value=0.008), phenotypic resistance towards imipenem (30% (n=19) vs. 12% (n=8), P value=0.009), sulfamethoxazole (75% (n=47) vs. 51 (n=33), P value=0.005), ciprofloxacin (59% (n=37) vs. 11% (n=7), P value=0.000) and nalidixic acid (67% (n=42 vs. 11% (n=7), P value=0.000), and carriage of blaCTX-M-15 (95% (n=60) vs. 11% (n=7), P value=0.000), class 1 integrons (98% (n=62) vs. 83% (n=54), P value=0.003) and a slight trend towards significance for blaOXA-48 (97% (n=61) vs. 88% (n=57), P value=0.054). To our knowledge, this is the first study that reports AMR prevalence increasing with an inverse correlation over time with Type I-E* CRISPR-Cas system prevalence among MDR K. pneumoniae isolates.
  • ||||||||||  ciprofloxacin oral / Generic mfg., nalidixic acid / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Urban birds: An important source of antimicrobial resistant Salmonella strains in Central Spain. (Pubmed Central) -  May 5, 2021   
    From Salmonella isolated strains, 40.5 % were resistant to the most prevalent AMRs found in urban birds were ciprofloxacin (36.4 %), nalidixic acid (36.4 %) and colistin (27.3 %). The scientific community, public administration and population in general should work together to control antimicrobial administration and drug waste management in order to decrease the development and spread of AMR.
  • ||||||||||  clarithromycin / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Development and validation of an LC-MS/MS screening method for macrolide and quinolone residues in baby food. (Pubmed Central) -  May 4, 2021   
    The developed method was successfully validated according to the Commission Decision 2002/657/EC and the European Community Reference Laboratories Residues Guidelines regarding the validation of screening methods 20/01/2010, adopting a fixed permited tolerance for relative ion ratio. Samples of baby food (n = 44) commercialized in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, were analyzed using the validated method and none of them presented residues of the searched macrolides and quinolones, with a screening target value of 5 µg kg.
  • ||||||||||  levofloxacin / Generic mfg., nalidixic acid / Generic mfg.
    Clinical, Journal:  Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Salmonella spp. Isolated from Enteric Fever Patients in Nepal. (Pubmed Central) -  May 1, 2021   
    Hence, conventional first-line-drugs and third-generation cephalosporins may find potential usage as the empirical drugs for enteric fever. Although our reporting was free of MDR strains, extensive surveillance, augmentation of diagnostic facilities and treatment protocol aided by AST report are recommended for addressing the escalating drug-resistance in the country.
  • ||||||||||  cefuroxime / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Antimicrobial Use, Residues, Resistance and Governance in the Food and Agriculture Sectors, Tanzania. (Pubmed Central) -  May 1, 2021   
    High levels of resistance to penicillin G, chloramphenicol, streptomycin and oxytetracycline have been reported, especially for Actinobacter pyogenes, Staphylococcus hyicus, Staphylococcus intermedius and Staphylococcus aureus from dairy cattle with mastitis and in humans...The pathogens isolated in animals were resistant to ampicillin, augmentin, gentamicin, co-trimoxazole, tetracycline, amoxicillin, streptomycin, nalidixic acid, azithromycin, chloramphenicol, tylosin, erythromycin, cefuroxime, norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin...Practical recommendations include (a) legislation review and implementation; (b) antimicrobial use (AMU), AMR and antimicrobial residue (AR) awareness and advocacy among stakeholders along the value chain; (c) strengthening of surveillance and monitoring programs for AMU, AMR and AR; (d) enhanced development and use of rapid and innovative diagnostic tests and the promotion of biosecurity principles; and (e) good husbandry practices. The utilization of this information to improve public health policies and reduce the burden of AMR will be beneficial.
  • ||||||||||  nalidixic acid / Generic mfg., tetracycline / Generic mfg., erythromycin / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  A Comparative Quantitative Assessment of Human Exposure to Various Antimicrobial-Resistant Bacteria among U.S. Ground Beef Consumers. (Pubmed Central) -  Apr 22, 2021   
    enterica, third-generation cephalosporin-resistant S. enterica, nalidixic acid-resistant S. enterica, Enterococcus spp., TETrEnterococcus spp., erythromycin-resistant Enterococcus spp., Staphylococcus aureus, and methicillin-resistant S. aureus...It was estimated that tetracycline resistance was more prevalent in ground beef, compared with other types of resistance, among which the predicted average probability of ingesting TET r Enterococcus was highest (6.2% of ingesting at least 0 log 10 CFU/serving), followed by TET r E. coli (3.1%) and TET r Salmonella (0.0001%), given common product purchase preferences and preparation behaviors among beef consumers in the U.S. The effectiveness of consumer-related interventions was estimated by simulating the differences in exposure as a result of changes in consumer practices in purchasing, handling, and preparing ground beef. The results indicated that proper employment of recommended safe cooking and food preparation practices mitigates ARB exposure more effectively than choosing RWA rather than conventional (CONV) beef.
  • ||||||||||  amoxicillin / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Isolation of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli from turkeys in Dinajpur, Bangladesh, and their antibiogram profile. (Pubmed Central) -  Apr 17, 2021   
    On the other hand, all the isolates were 100% resistant to amoxicillin, azithromycin, erythromycin, tetracycline, bacitracin, cephalexin, nalidixic acid, vancomycin, methicilin, piperacillin, pefloxacin, novobiocin, cefepime, trimethoprim, netilmicin, and aztreonam. This study's results uncover the occurrence and antibiotic resistance pattern of E. coli in the study area's turkeys.
  • ||||||||||  Journal:  Prevalence and characteristics of Salmonella isolates recovered from retail raw chickens in Shaanxi Province, China. (Pubmed Central) -  Apr 7, 2021   
    The most frequently detected resistance was to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (82.0%), followed by nalidixic acid (71.9%) and tetracycline (59.4%)...Resistance to kanamycin, ceftiofur, streptomycin, gentamicin, and ciprofloxacin was less common (<40% each)...Our results revealed that multiple Salmonella subtypes with antibiotic resistance were prevalent in retail raw chickens in Shaanxi Province. Our study findings provide information for developing preventive measures against contamination of retail foods with Salmonella.
  • ||||||||||  nalidixic acid / Generic mfg., azithromycin / Generic mfg., ceftazidime / Generic mfg.
    Clinical, Journal:  Dissemination of a multidrug resistant CTX-M-65 producer Salmonella enterica serovar Infantis clone between marketed chicken meat and children. (Pubmed Central) -  Apr 7, 2021   
    All meat-recovered S. Infantis were MDR, showing resistance to ampicillin, nitrofurans and quinolones, while none was resistant to azithromycin, ceftazidime or imipenem...All isolates presented DY at GyrA, nalidixic acid active efflux pump and a Class 1 integron of ~1000 bp (aadA1)...Further they were identical to MDR bla-producing S. Infantis isolates causing children diarrhea in Lima. The dissemination of MDR bla-producing S. Infantis between marketed meat and children highlights a public health problem which needs be controlled at livestock level.
  • ||||||||||  linezolid oral / Generic mfg.
    Enrollment change, Trial termination:  PRESTO:Osteo: Patients Response to Early Switch To Oral:Osteomyelitis Study (clinicaltrials.gov) -  Apr 6, 2021   
    P1,  N=11, Terminated, 
    The NRI method allowed comparing results of non-harmonized AMR systems and might be useful until international harmonization is achieved. N=456 --> 11 | Recruiting --> Terminated; Not enough patient enrollment and lack of staffing
  • ||||||||||  rifampicin / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Role of McbR in the regulation of antibiotic susceptibility in avian pathogenic Escherichia coli. (Pubmed Central) -  Apr 2, 2021   
    Additionally, EMSA indicated that McbR specifically binds to the promoter regions of acrAB, acrD, acrR, emrD, and mdtD. This study suggests that, in APECX40, McbR plays an important role in the regulation of bacterial susceptibility by directly activating the transcription of efflux pumps genes.
  • ||||||||||  cefotaxime / Sedico
    Journal:  Extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli isolated from raw vegetables in South Korea. (Pubmed Central) -  Mar 30, 2021   
    Notably, ST69, ST10, ST38, and ST354 belong to the major human-associated extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli lineages. Our results demonstrate that ESBL-producing multidrug-resistant pathogens may be transmitted to humans through the vegetable intake, highlighting the importance of resistance monitoring and intervention in the One Health perspective.
  • ||||||||||  Journal:  High prevalence of antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli in Congolese students. (Pubmed Central) -  Mar 26, 2021   
    These results suggest that nanoparticles are suitable systems for drug delivery applications. The high prevalence of resistant commensal E. coli in the community justifies further investigation and urges the need for routine monitoring of antimicrobial susceptibility testing in the region.