nalidixic acid / Generic mfg. 
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  • ||||||||||  Journal:  Prevalence, virulence factor and antimicrobial resistance analysis of Salmonella Enteritidis from poultry and egg samples in Iran. (Pubmed Central) -  Sep 16, 2021   
    The rate of contamination with Salmonella in the poultry and egg samples, besides the presence of antimicrobial resistant and MDR Salmonella isolates harboring the virulence genes in these samples, could significantly affect food safety and subsequently, human health. Therefore, continuous monitoring of animal-source foods, enhancement of poultry farm control measures, and limiting the use of antibiotics for prophylactic purposes in food producing animals, are essential for reducing the zoonotic risk of this foodborne pathogen for consumers and also choosing effective antibiotics for the treatment of salmonellosis.
  • ||||||||||  Journal:  Bacterial community characterization of Batura Glacier in the Karakoram Range of Pakistan. (Pubmed Central) -  Aug 28, 2021   
    67% of Gram-negative while 46% of Gram-positive glacial bacteria were resistant to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. Resistance against methicillin and vancomycin among the Gram-positive isolates was 23% and 15%, respectively, while 11% of the Gram-negative isolates exhibited resistance against both colistin sulfate and nalidixic acid.
  • ||||||||||  nalidixic acid / Generic mfg., tetracycline / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Spread of antimicrobial resistant Salmonella from poultry to humans in Thailand. (Pubmed Central) -  Aug 25, 2021   
    This study revealed a large-scale Salmonella outbreak in Thailand, a link between resistant bacteria from poultry farms and vertical transmission through the food chain, and a horizontal transmission of resistance genes. These results can be used for future surveillance and monitoring.
  • ||||||||||  ampicillin / Generic mfg.
    Clinical, Journal:  Multidrug-Resistant CTX-M and CMY-2 Producing Escherichia coli Isolated from Healthy Household Dogs from the Great Metropolitan Area, Costa Rica. (Pubmed Central) -  Aug 22, 2021   
    Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was done on isolates resistant to cefotaxime, ciprofloxacin, and nalidixic acid...A high percentage of resistance was detected for cefazolin (63%), ampicillin (54%), streptomycin (49%), nalidixic acid (42%) and tetracycline (38%)...The frequency of multidrug-resistant E. coli is worrying, mainly because of the presence of many isolates producing ESBL and AmpC β-lactamases. Based on the "One Health" concept, considering the relationships between animals, humans, and the environment, these data support the notion that companion animals are important reservoirs of multidrug-resistant bacteria.
  • ||||||||||  ceftriaxone / Generic mfg., cefuroxime / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Extensive drug-resistance in strains of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from paediatric urinary tract infections. (Pubmed Central) -  Aug 20, 2021   
    However, several of the antimicrobial agents, including polymyxin B, colistin sulphate, chloramphenicol, nitrofurantoin, and fosfomycin, were found to retain their antimicrobial activities against both pathogens...Our study demonstrates that E. coli and K. pneumonia are the dominant extensively drug-resistant uropathogenic bacteria in community-acquired UTIs in our cohort. These uropathogens were found to be resistant to the majority of the routinely-used classes of β-lactams, pyridopyrimidines, quinolones, and fluoroquinolone antibiotics, and these findings may be useful for clinicians in their treatment of paediatric UTIs.
  • ||||||||||  ceftriaxone / Generic mfg.
    Clinical, Journal:  Virulent and multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae from clinical samples in Balochistan. (Pubmed Central) -  Aug 20, 2021   
    The high virulence and drug resistance potential of these Klebsiella isolates are of high public health concern. Multidrug resistance and virulence potential in K. pneumoniae are converting these nosocomial pathogens into superbugs and making its management harder.
  • ||||||||||  nalidixic acid / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles with Antimicrobial Properties Using Phyla dulcis Plant Extract. (Pubmed Central) -  Aug 18, 2021   
    X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis confirmed the formation of metallic nanoparticles starting from silver nitrate. Finally, the AgNPs were tested to be effective against Escherichia coli O157:H7 (ATCC 43888), Salmonella Typhimurium (novobiocin and nalidixic acid resistant strain), Listeria monocytogenes (4b; ATCC 19115), and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538) strains, which are known to be common foodborne pathogens.
  • ||||||||||  nalidixic acid / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Bacillus subtilis PB6 Supplementation in Weaned Holstein Steers During an Experimental Salmonella Challenge. (Pubmed Central) -  Aug 18, 2021   
    Calves were challenged with 1.6 × 10 colony-forming unit (CFU) Salmonella Typhimurium (resistant to 50 μg/mL nalidixic acid) in 1 L of milk replacer on day 0...Increased serum IL-6 and IFN-γ concentrations were observed in the CONSTM group compared with other treatments. Overall, CLO reduced Salmonella presence and concentrations in gastrointestinal tissues while simultaneously reducing the severity of the challenge as indicated by blood parameters and the reduced febrile response.
  • ||||||||||  clarithromycin / Generic mfg., amoxicillin / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Different antibiotic profiles in wild and farmed Chilean salmonids. Which is the main source for antibiotic in fish? (Pubmed Central) -  Aug 15, 2021   
    All farmed salmon samples were associated with ofloxacin, tetracycline, cephalexin, erythromycin, azithromycin, roxithromycin, sulfabenzamide, sulfamethazine, sulfapyridine, sulfisomidin, and sulfaguanidine...Further research is necessary for linking the ABs profile in wild fish with the anthropic source. However, to our knowledge, this is the first report showing differences in the ABs profile between wild and aquaculture salmonids, which could have both environmental and health consequences.
  • ||||||||||  nalidixic acid / Generic mfg., tetracycline / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Field investigations of multidrug resistant Salmonella Infantis epidemic strain incursions into broiler flocks in England and Wales. (Pubmed Central) -  Aug 11, 2021   
    A revised cleaning and disinfection programme was developed that was associated with the clearance of MDR S. Infantis from persistently infected and newly infected broiler flocks and UK livestock remains free of MDR S. Infantis. Research Highlights  Standard cleaning and disinfection protocols did not completely eliminate infection  A revised cleaning and disinfection programme was developed  Disinfecting feeder lines and external areas was key to eliminating S. Infantis  Identified similar antimicrobial resistance pattern to MDR epidemic S. Infantis.
  • ||||||||||  rifampicin / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  The DUF1013 protein TrcR tracks with RNA polymerase to control the bacterial cell cycle and protect against antibiotics. (Pubmed Central) -  Aug 5, 2021   
    We show that TrcR function and its RNAP-dependent chromatin recruitment are conserved in symbiotic Sinorhizobium sp. and pathogenic Brucella spp Thus, TrcR represents a hitherto unknown antibiotic target and the founding member of the DUF1013 family, an uncharacterized class of transcriptional regulators that track with RNAP during the elongation phase to promote transcription during the cell cycle.
  • ||||||||||  Observational data, Journal:  Longitudinal study on antibiotic susceptibility in commensal E. coli from geese raised in free-range production systems. (Pubmed Central) -  Jul 30, 2021   
    coli), to cefotaxime (E...We described more than 50% of resistances for tetracyclines in both farms, and sulphonamides and cephazolin in the A farm...Our study shows that the dynamics of antibiotic-resistant E. coli in farmed geese are similar to the ones observed in broilers. However, the risk of the emergence of antibiotic-resistant commensal E. coli, might be mitigated by the adoption of good management practices, including prudent use of antibiotics.
  • ||||||||||  ampicillin / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Genomic Investigation of Salmonella Isolates Recovered From a Pig Slaughtering Process in Hangzhou, China. (Pubmed Central) -  Jul 27, 2021   
    From this study, we conclude that pig slaughterhouses are critical points for the dissemination of virulent and multidrug-resistant Salmonella isolates along the food chain which require the implementation of management systems to control the critical points. Moreover, there is an urgent need for the implementation of the whole genome sequencing platform to monitor the emergence of virulent and multidrug-resistant clones along the food chain.
  • ||||||||||  Qinprezo (vosaroxin) / Royalty, Viracta Therap
    Journal:  1,8-Naphthyridine derivatives: A privileged scaffold for versatile biological activities. (Pubmed Central) -  Jul 21, 2021   
    1, 8- Naphthyridine nucleus belongs to significant nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds which have garnered the interest of researchers due to its versatile biological activities. It is known to be used as an antimicrobial, anti-psychotic, anti-depressant, anti-convulsant, anti-Alzheimer's, anti-cancer, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-viral, anti-hypertensive, anti-malarial, pesticides, anti-platelets, and CB2 receptor agonist, etc. The present review highlights the framework of biological properties of synthesized 1, 8-naphthyridine derivatives developed by various research groups across the globe.
  • ||||||||||  nalidixic acid / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Microfluidic Evolution-On-A-Chip Reveals New Mutations that Cause Antibiotic Resistance. (Pubmed Central) -  Jul 16, 2021   
    Importantly, chip-based ALE leads to the discovery of previously unknown mutations in Escherichia coli that confer resistance to nalidixic acid. The microfluidic device presented here can enhance the occurrence of mutations employing defined micro-environmental conditions to generate data to better understand the parameters that influence the mechanisms of antibiotic resistance.
  • ||||||||||  nalidixic acid / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Streptomycin and nalidixic acid elevate the spontaneous genome-wide mutation rate in Escherichia coli. (Pubmed Central) -  Jul 16, 2021   
    We determined that, while the genome-wide mutation rate is slightly higher in the streptomycin-treated lines compared to the control lines, there is a significant increase in the nalidixic acid-treated lines. Our findings suggest that both broad and narrow-spectrum antibiotics may elevate the mutation rates in E. coli, but mechanisms of action may affect the consequence, thus contribute to accelerating the rate of adaptation and conferring antibiotic resistance.