- |||||||||| Journal: Do Thickening Agents Used in Dysphagia Diet Affect Drug Bioavailability? (Pubmed Central) - Jun 8, 2022
A good correlation was observed between in vitro and in vivo data, which was characterized by higher r values as the concentration of the thickening agents was increased, but not for all thickness levels studied, indicating an inability of this in vitro model to fully predict the in vivo response. These results suggest that regardless of the thickness level, the administration of levetiracetam with two commercial thickening agents commonly used in dysphagia for safe swallowing, do not affect the pharmacokinetic efficiency and thus, the bioavailability of the drug.
- |||||||||| carbamazepine / Generic mfg., abacavir / Generic mfg.
Journal, Adverse drug reaction: Weak complex formation of adverse drug reaction-associated HLAB57, B58, and B15 molecules. (Pubmed Central) - Jun 8, 2022
We also clarified that these HLA molecules are easily accumulated in the endoplasmic reticulum, exhibiting a low expression on the cell surface. Considering that these hypersensitivity risk-associated HLA molecules form complexes with β-microglobulin and peptides in the endoplasmic reticulum, we assumed that their low complex formation ability in the endoplasmic reticulum facilitates the interaction with multiple drugs.
- |||||||||| carbamazepine / Generic mfg.
Journal: Acute lymphocytic leukemia in a patient with long-term carbamazepine exposure: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia that develops in a patient who has been using carbamazepine for a long time. (Pubmed Central) - Jun 8, 2022
In addition to causing thrombocytopenia, hypogammaglobulinemia, leukopenia, and neutropenia, it can have serious effects such as agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia, pure red cell aplasia, leukemia, or DRESS syndrome. The incidence of serious side effects from carbamazepine pharmacotherapy is low, and their exact mechanism of action is still unknown.
- |||||||||| ciprofloxacin oral / Generic mfg., carbamazepine / Generic mfg.
Journal: ZnO/γ-FeO/Bentonite: An Efficient Solar-Light Active Magnetic Photocatalyst for the Degradation of Pharmaceutical Active Compounds. (Pubmed Central) - Jun 5, 2022
The composite also showed a high degree of efficiency for the simultaneous removal of CIP (~98%, 5 mg/L) and SMX (~97%, 5 mg/L) within 30 min, while a low degradation of ~5% was observed for CBZ (5 mg/L) in a mixture of the three PhACs. Furthermore, mechanistic studies using different types of scavengers revealed the formation of active oxidative species responsible for the degradation of CIP in the photocatalytic system studied with the contribution of h (67%), OH (18%), and ·O (10%), and in which holes (h) were found to be the dominant oxidative species.
- |||||||||| carbamazepine / Generic mfg.
Transient Leg Cramping — Swimming (30E) - Jun 2, 2022 - Abstract #ACSM2022ACSM_1664;
XR L-Spine, hips, and pelvis: No fractures, bilateral subchondral cystic changes on femoral head neck. MR hips: L anterosuperior labral tear, small bilateral CAM deformitiesFINAL/WORKING DIAGNOSIS: Paroxysmal exercise-induced dystoniaTREATMENT AND OUTCOMES:1.
- |||||||||| clobazam / Generic mfg., carbamazepine / Generic mfg.
Biomarker, Journal: Circulating Metabolites as Biomarkers of Disease in Patients with Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy. (Pubmed Central) - May 30, 2022
In conclusion, in addition to insights into the mechanisms underlying MTLE, our results suggest that plasma metabolites may be used as disease biomarkers. These findings warrant further studies exploring the clinical use of metabolites to assist in decision-making when treating patients with MTLE.
- |||||||||| Fycompa (perampanel) / Eisai
Journal: Optimization of therapy in patients with epilepsy and psychiatric comorbidities: key points. (Pubmed Central) - May 29, 2022
However, a number of ASMs, in particular levetiracetam, topiramate, and perampanel, may contribute to psychiatric disorders, including depression, aggressive behaviour and even psychosis...Although most of these can be safely used at therapeutic doses, bupropion, some tricyclic antidepressants, maprotiline, and clozapine may alter seizure threshold and facilitate epileptic seizures...Prevalence of non-adherence in PWE and psychiatric comorbidities is reported to reach values even higher than 70%. A careful evaluation of all these aspects contributes to optimize therapy with positive impact on seizure control, psychiatric wellbeing and quality of life.
- |||||||||| PK/PD data, Journal: Pharmacokinetic Interactions Between Antiseizure and Psychiatric Medications. (Pubmed Central) - May 26, 2022
As a general rule, these interactions can be managed by careful evaluation of clinical response and, when indicated, individualized dosage adjustments guided by measurement of drugs serum concentrations, especially if pharmacokinetic interactions may cause any change in seizure control, or signs of toxicity. Further studies are required to improve predictions of pharmacokinetic interactions between antiseizure medications and drugs for psychiatric diseases providing practical helps for clinicians in the clinical setting.
- |||||||||| levetiracetam / Generic mfg., carbamazepine / Generic mfg.
Clinical, Journal: Adult phenotype of KCNQ2 encephalopathy. (Pubmed Central) - May 26, 2022
Most adult patients have severe ID. Motor, language and behavioural problems are an issue of continuous concern.
- |||||||||| Journal: Digging deep into a GAC filter - Temporal and spatial profiling of adsorbed organic micropollutants. (Pubmed Central) - May 26, 2022
Mass estimations indicated biodegradation for certain micropollutants, such as naproxen, diclofenac, and sulfamethoxazole. A temporary increase in the concentration of the insecticide imidacloprid could be detected in the filter indicating that extraction of adsorbed micropollutants could provide an opportunity for backtracking of loading patterns.
- |||||||||| Journal: Autophagy in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. (Pubmed Central) - May 25, 2022
Several existing drugs may activate autophagy, including rapamycin, metformin, carbamazepine, cardiac glycosides and statins, whereas others, such as chloroquine, inhibit this process. However, these drugs are nonspecific and more selective drugs are now in development, which may prove useful as novel agents to treat asthma and COPD in the future.
- |||||||||| levetiracetam / Generic mfg., carbamazepine / Generic mfg.
Review, Journal: A review of the pharmacotherapeutic considerations for managing epilepsy in people with autism. (Pubmed Central) - May 25, 2022
Alongside this, there is evidence to support a move toward precision medicine in specific genetic syndromes such as Tuberous Sclerosis Complex and other genetic seizure disorders. The first-line treatments that should be considered for focal seizures include carbamazepine, lamotrigine, and levetiracetam.
- |||||||||| carbamazepine / Generic mfg.
Preclinical, Journal: Characterization of Acetylation of Histone H3 at Lysine 9 in the Trigeminal Ganglion of a Rat Trigeminal Neuralgia Model. (Pubmed Central) - May 24, 2022
In current study, a rat TN model subject to carbamazepine (CBZ) treatment was established, and transcriptome- and genome-scale profiling of H3K9ac and HDAC3 was performed by RNA-seq and ChIP-seq...Taken together, we identified a regulatory mechanism in which the phosphate groups transferred from activated ERK and LRRK2 to HDAC3 caused genome-scale deacetylation at H3K9 and resulted in the silencing of a large number of genes in TN. The kinases or important enzymes within this regulatory axis may represent important targets for TN therapy and prevention.
- |||||||||| carbamazepine / Generic mfg.
Journal: Unusual neurological presentation of second stage African trypanosomiasis in a young boy: a case report. (Pubmed Central) - May 21, 2022
In most patients, haloperidol may not have clinically relevant effects as a perpetrator, but in vitro and clinical studies suggest it is a weak CYP2D6 inhibitor. Our case highlights that late second stage African trypanosomiasis with neurological complications such as non-convulsive status epilepticus should be suspected in any patient who developed progressive cognitive decline and behavioral changes following long standing history of African Trypanosomiasis and routine Electro-encephalogram EEG is the best tool to diagnose non convulsive status epilepticus.
- |||||||||| carbamazepine / Generic mfg.
Journal: Identification of Potential Harmful Transformation Products of Selected Micropollutants in Outdoor and Indoor Swimming Pool Water. (Pubmed Central) - May 21, 2022
Model swimming pool water spiked with caffeine, carbamazepine, bisphenol A and oxadiazon were subjected to chlorination, ozonation, UV radiation, and artificial and sun lightening, carried out as single or combined processes...Bisphenol A was completely removed by the action of the chlorination agent NaOCl. The highest compound removal degrees were noted for the integrated action of natural sunlight, NaOCl and O. This process allows also for the decomposition of all caffeine and oxadiazon decomposition by-products that potentially are toxic to swimming pool users.
- |||||||||| sodium valproate / Generic mfg., levetiracetam / Generic mfg., carbamazepine / Generic mfg.
Clinical, Journal: Vitamin D Status in Children on Anticonvulsant Therapy. (Pubmed Central) - May 19, 2022
Vitamin D deficiency is common with anticonvulsant therapy, especially in those having CP. In Kerala, the hot, dry season from March to May is protective.
- |||||||||| candesartan cilexetil / Generic mfg., hydrochlorothiazide / Generic mfg., carbamazepine / Generic mfg.
Journal: Development and application of a predictive model for advanced wastewater treatment by adsorption onto powdered activated carbon. (Pubmed Central) - May 18, 2022
For benzotriazole, carbamazepine or hydrochlorothiazide, predicted removal falls below operational removal...The model was further used for a dynamic simulation of DOC and diclofenac effluent concentrations of a full-scale PAC adsorption stage with varying operating conditions and influent concentrations. Results show that the hydraulic retention time (HRT) in the contact reactor is a decisive operational parameter for OMP removal efficiency besides the PAC dose.
- |||||||||| Journal: Occurrence and accumulation of pharmaceutical products in water and biota of urban lowland rivers. (Pubmed Central) - May 17, 2022
Significant bioaccumulation factors (>1000 L/kg d.w.) were obtained for venlafaxine and ciprofloxacin in biofilm...Among different compartments, biofilms may be the most suitable biota matrix to monitor the immediate reception of PhACs in the biota. Our results indicate that the presence of PhACs in urban rivers and their accumulation in the biota could be incorporated as symptoms of the urban stream syndrome.
- |||||||||| Journal: Antiepileptic Drugs and Their Dual Mechanism of Action on Carbonic Anhydrase. (Pubmed Central) - May 15, 2022
(1) Background: The benefit of using inhibitors of carbonic anhydrase (CA), such as acetazolamide, in the treatment of epilepsy has previously been described...The effects, after chronic treatment, of carbamazepine, phenytoin, valproate, primidone, clonazepam, and ethosuximide were studied in vitro on purified CA, isozyme I (CA I) and CA, and isozyme II (CA II) activity and in vivo on epileptic erythrocyte CA I and CA II activity...This study shows that CA II inhibition can be induced both in vitro and in vivo by major antiepileptic agents as it might be one of the effective mechanisms of these anticonvulsant drugs. (4) The decrease in CA II activity in epileptic patients after antiseizure treatment suggests the involvement of CA II in the pathogenesis of epilepsy.
- |||||||||| Review, Journal: Patch testing in Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS): a literature review. (Pubmed Central) - May 15, 2022
By far, the most reactions (n = 145) were caused by carbamazepine, followed by amoxicillin, isoniazid, phenytoin, ethambutol, fluindione, phenobarbital, rifampicin, and ceftriaxone; 43 drugs each caused a single case only...Allopurinol and sulfasalazine frequently cause DRESS but never give positive patch tests...Multiple drug hypersensitivity was found to occur in 16% of all patients, but it is argued that the true frequency is (far) higher. Clinical aspects of DRESS, including diagnosing the disease and identifying culprit drugs (patch tests, intradermal tests, in vitro tests, challenge tests) are also provided, emphasizing the role of patch testing.
- |||||||||| Biomarker, Review, Journal, Adverse drug reaction, IO biomarker: An Updated Review of Genetic Associations With Severe Adverse Drug Reactions: Translation and Implementation of Pharmacogenomic Testing in Clinical Practice. (Pubmed Central) - May 14, 2022
Recent pharmacogenomic studies have demonstrated the strong associations between severe ADR and genetic markers, including specific HLA alleles (e.g., HLA-B*15:02/HLA-B*57:01/HLA-A*31:01 for carbamazepine-induced severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions [SCAR], HLA-B*58:01 for allopurinol-SCAR, HLA-B*57:01 for abacavir-hypersensitivity, HLA-B*13:01 for dapsone/co-trimoxazole-induced SCAR, and HLA-A*33:01 for terbinafine-induced liver injury), drug metabolism enzymes (such as CYP2C9*3 for phenytoin-induced SCAR and missense variant of TPMT/NUDT15 for thiopurine-induced leukopenia), drug transporters (e.g., SLCO1B1 polymorphism for statin-induced myopathy), and T cell receptors (Sulfanilamide binding into the CDR3/Vα of the TCR 1.3). This mini review article aims to summarize the current knowledge of pharmacogenomics of severe ADR, and the potentially clinical use of these genetic markers for avoidance of ADR.
- |||||||||| carbamazepine / Generic mfg.
Journal: A Molecular Imprinted PEDOT CMOS Chip-based Biosensor for Carbamazepine Detection. (Pubmed Central) - May 12, 2022
Finally, selectivity towards CBZ was validated by studying the effect of valproic acid (VPA) and phenytoin (PHT) on the biosensors performance. The proposed biosensor is highly sensitive and selective to CBZ molecules, simple to construct and easy to operate.
- |||||||||| Journal: Therapeutic Basis of Generic Substitution of Antiseizure Medications. (Pubmed Central) - May 12, 2022
Generic ASMs are interchanged with little consideration of differences in therapeutic equivalence and other clinical factors. This article describes key issues on generic substitution of ASMs and highlights critical pharmacotherapeutic issues associated with generic ASMs.
- |||||||||| phenytoin / Generic mfg., carbamazepine / Generic mfg., sulfasalazine / Generic mfg.
Review, Journal: Late sequelae of drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) cause thyroid dysfunction and thyroiditis: review of literature. (Pubmed Central) - May 12, 2022
The most common culprit drugs and onset of thyroid dysfunction after DRESS diagnosis in children aged less than 18 years include antiepileptic drugs (phenytoin, phenobarbital, carbamazepine) (range 0-8 months, median 2 months) and sulfa groups (sulfasalazine, sulfamethoxazole, sulfonamide) (range 1-4 months, median 2 months). Data of prevalence, type, and clinical course of thyroid dysfunction from DRESS is important for clinicians to recognize for monitoring its sequelae and provide plans for treatment.
- |||||||||| Journal: Precision psychiatry: The complexity of personalizing antipsychotic dosing. (Pubmed Central) - May 10, 2022
This short communication focuses on personalized dosing of three oral antipsychotics (clozapine, risperidone and paliperidone) and presents their maintenance dosing in a table which provides dose-correction factors generated by pharmacokinetic studies...Fluoxetine co-prescription may require one fourth the risperidone maintenance dose...Although not well studied, two groups may need higher doses of oral paliperidone: Koreans may need 1.5 times higher doses while those taking carbamazepine may need 3 times higher paliperidone maintenance doses. Precision dosing in psychiatry requires using blood levels of individuals.
- |||||||||| paracetamol / Generic mfg., carbamazepine / Generic mfg., ibuprofen / Generic mfg.
Review, Journal: Survey on endocrine-disrupting chemicals in seafood: Occurrence and distribution. (Pubmed Central) - May 7, 2022
More control in some countries, as well as new legislation and inspection over the purchase, sale, use, and production of these compounds, are urgently needed. This review provides data to support risk assessment and raises critical gaps to stimulate and improve future research.
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