- |||||||||| Linzess (linaclotide) / Astellas, Ironwood Pharma, AbbVie, elobixibat (A3309) / Albireo, Ajinomoto, Ferring, Amitiza (lubiprostone) / Takeda, Mallinckrodt
Clinical, Retrospective data, Review, Journal: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis on the Efficacy of Medications in the Treatment of Chronic Idiopathic Constipation in Japan. (Pubmed Central) - Dec 13, 2021 Lubiprostone 48 μg was ranked first for the proportion of patients with SBM within 24 hours. Our direct and indirect meta-analyses revealed that the new CIC medications available in Japan have equal efficacy but that elobixibat and lubiprostone are highly likely to be more efficacious.
- |||||||||| Xifaxan (rifaximin) / Alfa Wassermann, Bausch Health, Norgine, ASKA Pharma
Review, Journal: Non-Lactulose Medication Therapies for the Management of Hepatic Encephalopathy: A Literature Review. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 29, 2021 The most appropriate regimen to mitigate the consequences of hepatic encephalopathy remains elusive; however, the agents discussed within this review offer alternative options for patients unresponsive to or intolerant of traditional lactulose therapy. This review seeks to serve as a repository for relevant clinical trials, and as a reference for clinicians to help guide therapy decisions.
- |||||||||| lactulose / Generic mfg.
Journal: Leaky Gut Syndrome Is Associated with Endotoxemia and Serum (1→3)-β-D-Glucan in Severe Dengue Infection. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 29, 2021 A prospective observational study was conducted on patients with dengue who were categorized according to: (i) febrile versus critical phase and (ii) hospitalized patients with versus without the warning signs to evaluate the gut barrier using lactulose-to-mannitol excretion ratio (LEMR)...Modest impaired intestinal permeability occurred in dengue patients, particularly those with warning signs, and were associated with endotoxemia and elevated BG. Thus, leaky gut syndrome might be associated with severity of dengue infection.
- |||||||||| lactulose / Generic mfg., aspirin / Generic mfg.
Review, Journal: Higher doses of ascorbic acid may have the potential to promote nutrient delivery via intestinal paracellular absorption. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 21, 2021 Transient increased intestinal paracellular permeability following high dose AA may be utilised to enhance delivery of other micronutrients across the intestinal lumen. The potential mechanism following dietary intake however needs further study but may provide an avenue to increase small intestinal nutrient co transport and absorption, including in acute and chronic illness.
- |||||||||| lactulose / Generic mfg.
Clinical, Journal: Sodium butyrate converts Caco-2 monolayers into a leaky but healthy intestinal barrier resembling that of a newborn infant. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 21, 2021 The ratio of lactulose to mannitol transport across the intestinal barrier increased 1.79-fold...Levels of the cytokines, TNF-α and IL-6, although modestly increased did not indicate an inflammatory response by Caco-2 to sodium butyrate. This intestinal barrier demonstrated physiologically relevant transport rates for dairy protein of 0.01-0.06%, suggesting it may be used to track permeability of proteins in infant nutritional products.
- |||||||||| lactulose / Generic mfg.
Clinical, Journal: Tenth year reenrollment randomized trial investigating the effects of childhood probiotics and calcium supplementation on height and weight at adolescence. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 17, 2021 P=N/A General linear models were used to assess the effects on HAZ and BMIZ of group, gender, living area, maternal education, family income, physical activity, diet quality, nutritional status, and gut integrity as determined by urinary lactulose/mannitol ratio (L:M)...However, a significant decrease in BMIZ was observed among female adolescents in the Casei compared to RC group (- 0.5 SD, 95% CI - 0.8 to - 0.003, p = 0.048). Childhood probiotic and calcium supplementation may therefore selectively affect female adolescents.Clinical trial registration: This follow-up study has been registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov , Registry name: Rina Agustina, Registration number: NCT04046289, First Registration Date 06/08/19. web link: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04046289 .
- |||||||||| lactulose / Generic mfg.
Journal: Oridonin Attenuates TNBS-induced Post-inflammatory Irritable Bowel Syndrome via PXR/NF-κB Signaling. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 11, 2021 Using the PI-IBS rat model and Caco-2 cell lines, we found that intestinal barrier function reflected by lactulose/mannitol (L/M) ratio and tight junction protein level was significantly ameliorated by oridonin...This study indicated that the therapeutic effect of oridonin on experimental PI-IBS through repairing intestinal barrier function may be closely associated with the regulatory role of PXR/NF-κB signaling pathway. Oridonin may serve as a PXR ligand for the development of drugs in the therapy for PI-IBS.
- |||||||||| lactulose / Generic mfg.
Journal: Comparing the effects of saffron, lippia, and saffron-lippia combination on anxiety among candidates for coronary angiography. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 10, 2021 The random allocation was doing through block randomization to saffron, lippia, saffron-lippia, and placebo groups; four hours before angiography, participants in these groups respectively received a single dose of saffron extract capsule (40 mg), lippia extract capsule (40 mg), saffron-lippia extract capsule (20 mg saffron and 20 mg lippia), and lactulose capsule (40 mg)...Therefore, after the intervention, the mean scores of state, trait, and total anxiety in the saffron group were significantly lower than the other groups (all, p<0.05). This study suggests that the oral use of a single-dose of 40 mg saffron extract is effective in alleviating anxiety among the candidates for CA.
- |||||||||| lactulose / Generic mfg.
Clinical, Review, Journal: Gut Alterations in Septic Patients: A Biochemical Literature Review. (Pubmed Central) - Oct 30, 2021 In addition, the alteration of the permeability can become a source of systemic infection. At the moment, biological damage markers are not specific, but the dosage of LPS, citrulline, lactulose/mannitol test, FABP and fecal calprotectin are becoming an excellent alternative with high specificity and sensitivity.
- |||||||||| ketamine / Generic mfg.
Journal: New drugs for small animals in 2020 (Pubmed Central) - Oct 30, 2021 Two established veterinary active pharmaceutical ingredients became available for additional species: The dissociative anesthetic ketamine is now also authorized for hamsters, mice, and rats; and the osmotic laxative lactulose is approved for use also in dogs and cats. Additionally, 3 veterinary drugs with a new combination of active ingredients (mometasone + terbinafine + florfenicol, sarolaner + moxidectin + pyrantel), an agent (tetracaine) in a novel pharmaceutical formulation, one drug (lidocaine) with a new route of administration as well as a crystalloid balanced whole electrolyte solution with a potential base excess (BEpot) of 0 mmol/l were launched on the market for small animals.
- |||||||||| lactulose / Generic mfg.
Clinical, Journal: Hyperammonemia in Patients With Status Epilepticus Treated With or Without Valproic Acid. (Pubmed Central) - Oct 30, 2021 Additionally, 3 veterinary drugs with a new combination of active ingredients (mometasone + terbinafine + florfenicol, sarolaner + moxidectin + pyrantel), an agent (tetracaine) in a novel pharmaceutical formulation, one drug (lidocaine) with a new route of administration as well as a crystalloid balanced whole electrolyte solution with a potential base excess (BEpot) of 0 mmol/l were launched on the market for small animals. This study demonstrated variability in ammonia testing and management changes in SE but does not support the routine monitoring of ammonia levels and showed that hyperammonemic encephalopathy was rare in this clinical setting.
- |||||||||| lactulose / Generic mfg.
Clinical, Journal: Gut integrity and duodenal enteropathogen burden in undernourished children with environmental enteric dysfunction. (Pubmed Central) - Oct 28, 2021 This study explores association of altered duodenal permeability (lactulose, rhamnose and their ratio) with higher burden of enteropathogen in the duodenal aspirate, altered histopathological findings and higher morbidity (diarrhea) that is collectively associated with linear growth faltering in children living in EED endemic setting...In cases and controls living in settings of endemic enteropathy, intestinal permeability test may predict linear growth. However, for adoption as a screening tool for EED, further validation is required due to its complex intestinal pathophysiology.
- |||||||||| lactulose / Generic mfg.
Journal: Intestinal adaptations to energy source of milk replacer in neonatal dairy calves. (Pubmed Central) - Oct 28, 2021 From 24 h postnatally until the end of the study (d 7), calves were transitioned to be fed MR (prepared at 15% solids) at 18% of BW twice daily at 0700 and 1900 h. During postprandial sampling on d 6, intestinal permeability was assessed by mixing lactulose (1.03 g/kg of BW) and d-mannitol (0.31 g/kg of BW) into the morning meal without altering total meal volume...No significant differences were detected in gene expression, although HF calves tended to have lower expression of TJP1 and CLDN2 and higher expression of proinflammatory cytokine IL1B in ileum tissue. In conclusion, partially replacing lactose in MR with fat resulted in a heavier and more permeable gut, with minor histomorphological differences.
- |||||||||| lactulose / Generic mfg.
Journal: Novel and emerging prebiotics: Advances and opportunities. (Pubmed Central) - Oct 27, 2021 Inulin, galactooligosaccharides, fructooligosaccharides and lactulose are generally classified as well established prebiotics...Generally, there is a lack of clear demonstrations about the effective health benefits associated with all the non-established prebiotics. Overcoming this limitation will undoubtedly increase the demand for these compounds and their market size will follow the consumer's trend.
- |||||||||| Ravicti (glycerol phenylbutyrate) / Horizon Therapeutics, Immedica
Review, Journal: Ammonia Removal by Metabolic Scavengers for the Prevention and Treatment of Hepatic Encephalopathy in Cirrhosis. (Pubmed Central) - Oct 27, 2021 Effective lowering of circulating ammonia is the mainstay strategy in the prevention and treatment of hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhosis and there is increasing interest in agents with the metabolic potential for the active removal of ammonia by the liver and skeletal muscle by agents including L-ornithine L-aspartate, branched-chain amino acids, as well as the re-purposing of benzoate and phenylacetate currently employed for the control of hyperammonaemia in congenital urea-cycle enzymopathies...Glycerol phenylbutyrate was the only agent with a beneficial effect on both hyperammonaemia and hepatic encephalopathy. None were superior to lactulose for the lowering of blood ammonia.
- |||||||||| lactulose / Generic mfg., bisacodyl / Generic mfg.
Clinical, Review, Journal: What is the Evidence for Over the Counter Laxatives to Treat Childhood Constipation? (Pubmed Central) - Oct 27, 2021 There are multiple over the counter pharmacologic agents with various mechanisms of action that have demonstrated efficacy in pediatric functional constipation. These therapies are generally safe and well tolerated by patients.
- |||||||||| lactulose / Generic mfg.
Journal: Probiotic Properties, Prebiotic Fermentability, and GABA-Producing Capacity of Microorganisms Isolated from Mexican Milk Kefir Grains: A Clustering Evaluation for Functional Dairy Food Applications. (Pubmed Central) - Oct 25, 2021 This study focused on the evaluation of microorganisms from artisanal Mexican milk kefir grains regarding probiotic properties, in vitro fermentability with commercial prebiotics (lactulose, inulin, and citrus pectin), and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-producing capacity...The capacity to produce GABA was classified as medium for L. lactis BIOTEC006, BIOTEC007, and BIOTEC008; K. lactis BIOTEC009; L. pseudomesenteroides BIOTEC012; and L. kefiri BIOTEC014, and comparable to that obtained for commercial probiotics. Finally, a multivariate approach was performed, allowing the grouping of 2-5 clusters of microorganisms that could be further considered new promising cultures for functional dairy food applications.
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