lactulose / Generic mfg. 
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  • ||||||||||  lactulose / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Short intense psychological stress induced by skydiving does not impair intestinal barrier function. (Pubmed Central) -  Dec 2, 2021   
    P=N/A
    These results show that the acute intense psychological stress induced by skydiving does not affect intestinal permeability in healthy subjects. Future models aiming to investigate the effect of stress on human intestinal barrier function should consider a more sustained exposure to the psychological stressor.
  • ||||||||||  Xifaxan (rifaximin) / Alfa Wassermann, Bausch Health, Norgine, ASKA Pharma
    Review, Journal:  Non-Lactulose Medication Therapies for the Management of Hepatic Encephalopathy: A Literature Review. (Pubmed Central) -  Nov 29, 2021   
    The most appropriate regimen to mitigate the consequences of hepatic encephalopathy remains elusive; however, the agents discussed within this review offer alternative options for patients unresponsive to or intolerant of traditional lactulose therapy. This review seeks to serve as a repository for relevant clinical trials, and as a reference for clinicians to help guide therapy decisions.
  • ||||||||||  lactulose / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Leaky Gut Syndrome Is Associated with Endotoxemia and Serum (1→3)-β-D-Glucan in Severe Dengue Infection. (Pubmed Central) -  Nov 29, 2021   
    A prospective observational study was conducted on patients with dengue who were categorized according to: (i) febrile versus critical phase and (ii) hospitalized patients with versus without the warning signs to evaluate the gut barrier using lactulose-to-mannitol excretion ratio (LEMR)...Modest impaired intestinal permeability occurred in dengue patients, particularly those with warning signs, and were associated with endotoxemia and elevated BG. Thus, leaky gut syndrome might be associated with severity of dengue infection.
  • ||||||||||  lactulose / Generic mfg., aspirin / Generic mfg.
    Review, Journal:  Higher doses of ascorbic acid may have the potential to promote nutrient delivery via intestinal paracellular absorption. (Pubmed Central) -  Nov 21, 2021   
    Transient increased intestinal paracellular permeability following high dose AA may be utilised to enhance delivery of other micronutrients across the intestinal lumen. The potential mechanism following dietary intake however needs further study but may provide an avenue to increase small intestinal nutrient co transport and absorption, including in acute and chronic illness.
  • ||||||||||  lactulose / Generic mfg.
    Clinical, Journal:  Sodium butyrate converts Caco-2 monolayers into a leaky but healthy intestinal barrier resembling that of a newborn infant. (Pubmed Central) -  Nov 21, 2021   
    The ratio of lactulose to mannitol transport across the intestinal barrier increased 1.79-fold...Levels of the cytokines, TNF-α and IL-6, although modestly increased did not indicate an inflammatory response by Caco-2 to sodium butyrate. This intestinal barrier demonstrated physiologically relevant transport rates for dairy protein of 0.01-0.06%, suggesting it may be used to track permeability of proteins in infant nutritional products.
  • ||||||||||  lactulose / Generic mfg.
    Clinical, Journal:  Tenth year reenrollment randomized trial investigating the effects of childhood probiotics and calcium supplementation on height and weight at adolescence. (Pubmed Central) -  Nov 17, 2021   
    P=N/A
    General linear models were used to assess the effects on HAZ and BMIZ of group, gender, living area, maternal education, family income, physical activity, diet quality, nutritional status, and gut integrity as determined by urinary lactulose/mannitol ratio (L:M)...However, a significant decrease in BMIZ was observed among female adolescents in the Casei compared to RC group (- 0.5 SD, 95% CI - 0.8 to - 0.003, p = 0.048). Childhood probiotic and calcium supplementation may therefore selectively affect female adolescents.Clinical trial registration: This follow-up study has been registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov , Registry name: Rina Agustina, Registration number: NCT04046289, First Registration Date 06/08/19. web link: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04046289 .
  • ||||||||||  lactulose / Generic mfg.
    Enrollment open, HEOR:  A Trial to Improve Quality of Life in People With Cirrhosis (clinicaltrials.gov) -  Nov 14, 2021   
    P2/3,  N=75, Recruiting, 
    That might represent a valuable therapeutic strategy for PEDUF. Not yet recruiting --> Recruiting
  • ||||||||||  lactulose / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Oridonin Attenuates TNBS-induced Post-inflammatory Irritable Bowel Syndrome via PXR/NF-κB Signaling. (Pubmed Central) -  Nov 11, 2021   
    Using the PI-IBS rat model and Caco-2 cell lines, we found that intestinal barrier function reflected by lactulose/mannitol (L/M) ratio and tight junction protein level was significantly ameliorated by oridonin...This study indicated that the therapeutic effect of oridonin on experimental PI-IBS through repairing intestinal barrier function may be closely associated with the regulatory role of PXR/NF-κB signaling pathway. Oridonin may serve as a PXR ligand for the development of drugs in the therapy for PI-IBS.
  • ||||||||||  lactulose / Generic mfg.
    Enrollment open, Enrollment change:  Validation of the Small Intestine Microbiome Aspiration (SIMBA) Capsule (clinicaltrials.gov) -  Nov 10, 2021   
    P=N/A,  N=30, Recruiting, 
    Oridonin may serve as a PXR ligand for the development of drugs in the therapy for PI-IBS. Not yet recruiting --> Recruiting | N=22 --> 30
  • ||||||||||  lactulose / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Comparing the effects of saffron, lippia, and saffron-lippia combination on anxiety among candidates for coronary angiography. (Pubmed Central) -  Nov 10, 2021   
    The random allocation was doing through block randomization to saffron, lippia, saffron-lippia, and placebo groups; four hours before angiography, participants in these groups respectively received a single dose of saffron extract capsule (40 mg), lippia extract capsule (40 mg), saffron-lippia extract capsule (20 mg saffron and 20 mg lippia), and lactulose capsule (40 mg)...Therefore, after the intervention, the mean scores of state, trait, and total anxiety in the saffron group were significantly lower than the other groups (all, p<0.05). This study suggests that the oral use of a single-dose of 40 mg saffron extract is effective in alleviating anxiety among the candidates for CA.
  • ||||||||||  lactulose / Generic mfg.
    with lactulose! (Twitter) -  Nov 3, 2021   
  • ||||||||||  lactulose / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  The role of dietary diversity in the formation of syndrome intestinal bacterial overgrowth (Pubmed Central) -  Oct 30, 2021   
    Significant differences in the diversity of dietary patterns in patients with SIBО were found in dairy products, vegetables and fruits and berries. The obtained data may be used to develop diet for SIBO patients additionally to the treatment and prevention of its relapses.
  • ||||||||||  lactulose / Generic mfg.
    Clinical, Review, Journal:  Gut Alterations in Septic Patients: A Biochemical Literature Review. (Pubmed Central) -  Oct 30, 2021   
    In addition, the alteration of the permeability can become a source of systemic infection. At the moment, biological damage markers are not specific, but the dosage of LPS, citrulline, lactulose/mannitol test, FABP and fecal calprotectin are becoming an excellent alternative with high specificity and sensitivity.
  • ||||||||||  ketamine / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  New drugs for small animals in 2020 (Pubmed Central) -  Oct 30, 2021   
    Two established veterinary active pharmaceutical ingredients became available for additional species: The dissociative anesthetic ketamine is now also authorized for hamsters, mice, and rats; and the osmotic laxative lactulose is approved for use also in dogs and cats. Additionally, 3 veterinary drugs with a new combination of active ingredients (mometasone + terbinafine + florfenicol, sarolaner + moxidectin + pyrantel), an agent (tetracaine) in a novel pharmaceutical formulation, one drug (lidocaine) with a new route of administration as well as a crystalloid balanced whole electrolyte solution with a potential base excess (BEpot) of 0 mmol/l were launched on the market for small animals.
  • ||||||||||  lactulose / Generic mfg.
    Clinical, Journal:  Hyperammonemia in Patients With Status Epilepticus Treated With or Without Valproic Acid. (Pubmed Central) -  Oct 30, 2021   
    Additionally, 3 veterinary drugs with a new combination of active ingredients (mometasone + terbinafine + florfenicol, sarolaner + moxidectin + pyrantel), an agent (tetracaine) in a novel pharmaceutical formulation, one drug (lidocaine) with a new route of administration as well as a crystalloid balanced whole electrolyte solution with a potential base excess (BEpot) of 0 mmol/l were launched on the market for small animals. This study demonstrated variability in ammonia testing and management changes in SE but does not support the routine monitoring of ammonia levels and showed that hyperammonemic encephalopathy was rare in this clinical setting.
  • ||||||||||  lactulose / Generic mfg.
    Clinical, Journal:  Gut integrity and duodenal enteropathogen burden in undernourished children with environmental enteric dysfunction. (Pubmed Central) -  Oct 28, 2021   
    This study explores association of altered duodenal permeability (lactulose, rhamnose and their ratio) with higher burden of enteropathogen in the duodenal aspirate, altered histopathological findings and higher morbidity (diarrhea) that is collectively associated with linear growth faltering in children living in EED endemic setting...In cases and controls living in settings of endemic enteropathy, intestinal permeability test may predict linear growth. However, for adoption as a screening tool for EED, further validation is required due to its complex intestinal pathophysiology.
  • ||||||||||  lactulose / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Intestinal adaptations to energy source of milk replacer in neonatal dairy calves. (Pubmed Central) -  Oct 28, 2021   
    From 24 h postnatally until the end of the study (d 7), calves were transitioned to be fed MR (prepared at 15% solids) at 18% of BW twice daily at 0700 and 1900 h. During postprandial sampling on d 6, intestinal permeability was assessed by mixing lactulose (1.03 g/kg of BW) and d-mannitol (0.31 g/kg of BW) into the morning meal without altering total meal volume...No significant differences were detected in gene expression, although HF calves tended to have lower expression of TJP1 and CLDN2 and higher expression of proinflammatory cytokine IL1B in ileum tissue. In conclusion, partially replacing lactose in MR with fat resulted in a heavier and more permeable gut, with minor histomorphological differences.
  • ||||||||||  lactulose / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Novel and emerging prebiotics: Advances and opportunities. (Pubmed Central) -  Oct 27, 2021   
    Inulin, galactooligosaccharides, fructooligosaccharides and lactulose are generally classified as well established prebiotics...Generally, there is a lack of clear demonstrations about the effective health benefits associated with all the non-established prebiotics. Overcoming this limitation will undoubtedly increase the demand for these compounds and their market size will follow the consumer's trend.
  • ||||||||||  Ravicti (glycerol phenylbutyrate) / Horizon Therapeutics, Immedica
    Review, Journal:  Ammonia Removal by Metabolic Scavengers for the Prevention and Treatment of Hepatic Encephalopathy in Cirrhosis. (Pubmed Central) -  Oct 27, 2021   
    Effective lowering of circulating ammonia is the mainstay strategy in the prevention and treatment of hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhosis and there is increasing interest in agents with the metabolic potential for the active removal of ammonia by the liver and skeletal muscle by agents including L-ornithine L-aspartate, branched-chain amino acids, as well as the re-purposing of benzoate and phenylacetate currently employed for the control of hyperammonaemia in congenital urea-cycle enzymopathies...Glycerol phenylbutyrate was the only agent with a beneficial effect on both hyperammonaemia and hepatic encephalopathy. None were superior to lactulose for the lowering of blood ammonia.
  • ||||||||||  lactulose / Generic mfg., bisacodyl / Generic mfg.
    Clinical, Review, Journal:  What is the Evidence for Over the Counter Laxatives to Treat Childhood Constipation? (Pubmed Central) -  Oct 27, 2021   
    There are multiple over the counter pharmacologic agents with various mechanisms of action that have demonstrated efficacy in pediatric functional constipation. These therapies are generally safe and well tolerated by patients.
  • ||||||||||  lactulose / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Probiotic Properties, Prebiotic Fermentability, and GABA-Producing Capacity of Microorganisms Isolated from Mexican Milk Kefir Grains: A Clustering Evaluation for Functional Dairy Food Applications. (Pubmed Central) -  Oct 25, 2021   
    This study focused on the evaluation of microorganisms from artisanal Mexican milk kefir grains regarding probiotic properties, in vitro fermentability with commercial prebiotics (lactulose, inulin, and citrus pectin), and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-producing capacity...The capacity to produce GABA was classified as medium for L. lactis BIOTEC006, BIOTEC007, and BIOTEC008; K. lactis BIOTEC009; L. pseudomesenteroides BIOTEC012; and L. kefiri BIOTEC014, and comparable to that obtained for commercial probiotics. Finally, a multivariate approach was performed, allowing the grouping of 2-5 clusters of microorganisms that could be further considered new promising cultures for functional dairy food applications.
  • ||||||||||  Xifaxan (rifaximin) / Alfa Wassermann, Bausch Health, Norgine, ASKA Pharma
    [VIRTUAL] A RESIDENT-LED QUALITY IMPROVEMENT PROJECT TO DECREASE 30-DAY READMISSIONS IN PATIENTS WITH HEPATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY () -  Oct 21, 2021 - Abstract #AASLD2021AASLD_834;    
    The initial results of our pilot study suggest a trend toward decrease in the 30-day readmission rate for patients with HE after an educational intervention for providers/patients using targeted HE discharge instructions . A longer follow-up period will be reported at the meeting, to determine the sustainability and long-term impact on readmission rate .