dimethyl fumarate / Generic mfg. 
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  • ||||||||||  Tysabri (natalizumab) / Biogen, Rituxan (rituximab) / Biogen, Zenyaku Kogyo, Roche
    Journal:  Comparison of Dimethyl Fumarate vs Fingolimod and Rituximab vs Natalizumab for Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis. (Pubmed Central) -  Jan 18, 2022   
    This study reports real-world evidence of equivalent relapse outcomes between dimethyl fumarate and fingolimod and relapse reduction in favor of rituximab relative to natalizumab. This approach illustrates the value of incorporating EHR data as high-dimensional covariates in real-world treatment comparison.
  • ||||||||||  dimethyl fumarate / Generic mfg.
    Electronic Health Records as Prognostic Marker of Outcome and Platform for Clinical Discovery in MS (Grand Ballroom) -  Jan 15, 2022 - Abstract #ACTRIMSForum2022ACTRIMS_Forum_83;    
    To illustrate the clinical utility of EHR data in MS, we report a novel machine-learning algorithm that predicts 1-year future MS relapse with accuracy comparable to other clinical prediction tools and has applicability at the point of care. Further, we demonstrate the value of incorporating EHR data as high-dimensional covariates in real-world treatment comparison.
  • ||||||||||  dimethyl fumarate / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Loricrin and NRF2 Coordinate Cornification. (Pubmed Central) -  Jan 14, 2022   
    We also found that corneodesmosomes are less degraded in LKO mice. The observation suggests that loricrin and NRF2 are important effectors of cornification, in which proteins need to be secreted, cross-linked, and degraded in a coordinated manner.
  • ||||||||||  Comirnaty (tozinameran) / Pfizer, Fosun Pharma, BioNTech, Lemtrada (alemtuzumab) / Sanofi
    Clinical, Journal:  Effect of Different Disease-Modifying Therapies on Humoral Response to BNT162b2 Vaccine in Sardinian Multiple Sclerosis Patients. (Pubmed Central) -  Jan 7, 2022   
    We did not observe a statistically significant difference in response between patients treated with the other drugs (dimethyl fumarate, interferon, alemtuzumab and glatiramer acetate) and untreated patients...Humoral response to BNT162b2 is significantly influenced by the specific DMTs followed by patients, as well as by other factors such as previous SARS-CoV-2 infection, age, sex, and smoking status. These results are important to inform targeted strategies to prevent clinically relevant COVID-19 in MS patients.
  • ||||||||||  dimethyl fumarate / Generic mfg.
    Clinical, Retrospective data, Journal, HEOR, Real-world evidence:  Real-World Comparative Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Different Classes of Disease-Modifying Therapies for Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis in Saudi Arabia. (Pubmed Central) -  Jan 3, 2022   
    There were 40 patients on the orally administered agents (e.g., dimethyl fumarate, teriflunomide, fingolimod), 66 patients were on IFN-based therapy (e.g., Rebif), and 40 patients were on monoclonal antibodies (e.g., rituximab and natalizumab)...Orally administered agents resulted in better outcomes and lower costs in comparison to IFN-based therapy. Future studies should further examine the cost-effectiveness of different disease-modifying therapies for the management of RRMS using more robust study designs.
  • ||||||||||  Mavenclad (cladribine) / EMD Serono, Lemtrada (alemtuzumab) / Sanofi
    Clinical, Journal:  Assessing and mitigating risk of infection in patients with multiple sclerosis on disease modifying treatment. (Pubmed Central) -  Dec 30, 2021   
    MS-specialist neurologist has to face new challenges regarding the management of immunosuppression-related infectious complications. The implementation of patient-centered management focus on preventive and mitigating strategies with a multidisciplinary approach should be seen in the future as a marker of excellence of MS management.
  • ||||||||||  Lemtrada (alemtuzumab) / Sanofi
    Journal, HEOR:  Modeling the Cost-Utility of Treatment Sequences for Multiple Sclerosis. (Pubmed Central) -  Dec 30, 2021   
    This microsimulation model overcomes the limitation of previous models by modeling treatment sequences. Because it better reflects clinical reality, it facilitates incorporating cost-utility information in clinical guidelines.
  • ||||||||||  dimethyl fumarate / Generic mfg.
    Targeting the hepcidin-ferroportin axis with Nrf2 agonists to treat iron deficiency anaemia in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (Virtual Poster exhibition) -  Dec 29, 2021 - Abstract #ECCOIBD2022ECCO_IBD_758;    
    Furthermore, DMF caused upregulation of ferroportin and ferritin at mRNA level, dependent on induction of Nrf2 and its downstream target haem oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Conclusion The Nrf2 agonists DMF and SFN might ameliorate anaemia of inflammation by disrupting the hep-fer axis by Nrf2-dependent and -independent mechanisms, and may be a promising therapeutic option for anaemia of inflammation for patients with IBD.
  • ||||||||||  dimethyl fumarate / Generic mfg.
    Journal, Epigenetic controller:  S-Nitrosylation of Histone Deacetylase 2 by Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase as a Mechanism of Diastolic Dysfunction. (Pubmed Central) -  Dec 25, 2021   
    Our results provide theoretical and experimental evidence to explain the ineffectiveness of conventional NO-enhancement trials for improving DD with heart failure symptoms. More importantly, our results suggest that reduction of NO or denitrosylation of HDAC2 may provide a new therapeutic platform for the treatment of refractory HFpEF.
  • ||||||||||  dimethyl fumarate / Generic mfg.
    Review, Journal, Lymphopenia:  Dimethyl fumarate induced lymphopenia in multiple sclerosis: A review of the literature. (Pubmed Central) -  Dec 17, 2021   
    It is clear that further investigations are necessary to understand the mechanisms of DMF-induced lymphopenia and devise preventive strategies. Periodic monitoring of absolute lymphocyte counts, currently performed in clinical practise, allows for the early detection of lymphopenia as a risk-minimization strategy.
  • ||||||||||  Lemtrada (alemtuzumab) / Sanofi
    Clinical, Journal, HEOR, Real-world evidence:  Newly approved agents for relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis: how real-world evidence compares with randomized clinical trials? (Pubmed Central) -  Dec 16, 2021   
    These include fingolimod, teriflunomide, dimethyl fumarate, alemtuzumab and ocrelizumab...From the safety point of view, observational studies revealed new adverse events, mostly in the area of bacterial and opportunistic infections, not seen in the relative registration programme. This is a very important gain because it allows to elaborate appropriate strategies to prevent and handle the risks.
  • ||||||||||  dimethyl fumarate / Generic mfg.
    Journal, IO biomarker:  Dimethyl fumarate induces ferroptosis and impairs NF-κB/STAT3 signaling in DLBCL. (Pubmed Central) -  Dec 16, 2021   
    Interestingly, the BCL-2 specific BH3 mimetic ABT-199 and an inhibitor of ferroptosis suppressor protein 1 synergize with DMF in inducing cell death in DLBCL. Collectively, our findings identify the clinically approved drug DMF as a promising novel therapeutic option in the treatment of both GCB and ABC DLBCL.
  • ||||||||||  dimethyl fumarate / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Proinflammatory CD20 T cells are differentially affected by MS therapeutics. (Pubmed Central) -  Dec 16, 2021   
    Dimethylfumarat dampened the activity of differentiated CD20 T cells, while fingolimod reduced their abundance only as part of its overall T cell suppressive capacity. Of note, natalizumab treatment increased the frequency of CD20 effector T cells, highlighting that widely-used MS therapeutics affect this pro-inflammatory T cell subset with assumed pathogenic potential surprisingly differentially.
  • ||||||||||  Mavenclad (cladribine) / EMD Serono, Lemtrada (alemtuzumab) / Sanofi
    Journal:  Associations of Disease-Modifying Therapies With COVID-19 Severity in Multiple Sclerosis. (Pubmed Central) -  Dec 16, 2021   
    Using the largest cohort of people with MS and COVID-19 available, we demonstrated consistent associations of rituximab with increased risk of hospitalisation, ICU admission, and requiring artificial ventilation, and ocrelizumab with hospitalisation and ICU admission. Despite the study's cross-sectional design, the internal and external consistency of these results with prior studies suggests rituximab/ocrelizumab use may be a risk factor for more severe COVID-19.
  • ||||||||||  Rituxan (rituximab) / Biogen, Zenyaku Kogyo, Roche
    Review, Journal:  Rituximab for people with multiple sclerosis. (Pubmed Central) -  Dec 16, 2021   
    There is an increased risk of common infections with rituximab, but absolute risk is small.  Rituximab is widely used as off-label treatment in people with MS; however, randomised evidence is weak. In the absence of randomised evidence, remaining uncertainties on beneficial and adverse effects of rituximab for MS might be clarified by making real-world data available.
  • ||||||||||  Trial completion date, Trial primary completion date:  RECOVERY: Randomised Evaluation of COVID-19 Therapy (clinicaltrials.gov) -  Dec 16, 2021   
    P2/3,  N=45000, Recruiting, 
    In the absence of randomised evidence, remaining uncertainties on beneficial and adverse effects of rituximab for MS might be clarified by making real-world data available. Trial completion date: Dec 2031 --> Nov 2032 | Trial primary completion date: Dec 2021 --> Nov 2022
  • ||||||||||  dimethyl fumarate / Generic mfg.
    Clinical Trial,Phase IV, Journal:  Dimethyl fumarate treatment restrains the antioxidative capacity of T cells to control autoimmunity. (Pubmed Central) -  Dec 16, 2021   
    Indeed, dimethyl fumarate immune-modulatory effects on T cells were completely abrogated by pharmacological interference of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production. These data shed new light on dimethyl fumarate as bona fide immune-metabolic drug that targets the intracellular stress response in activated T cells, thereby restricting mitochondrial function and energetic capacity, providing novel insight into the role of oxidative stress in modulating cellular immune responses and T cell-mediated autoimmunity.
  • ||||||||||  glatiramer acetate / Generic mfg., dimethyl fumarate / Generic mfg.
    Clinical, Review, Journal:  A systematic review of relapse rates during pregnancy and postpartum in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis. (Pubmed Central) -  Dec 10, 2021   
    All five studies comparing natalizumab or fingolimod (high-efficacy DMTs) use preconception versus interferon beta, glatiramer acetate, or dimethyl fumarate, or no DMT suggested that there was a greater risk of relapse during pregnancy following withdrawal of the high-efficacy DMTs...Results of this systematic review concerning women with relapsing MS show a complex and often conflicting picture regarding DMT exposure and relapses during and after pregnancy. Although our data are limited by variability between studies, there is some evidence suggesting the use of natalizumab or fingolimod preconception is associated with increased risk of relapses during pregnancy, highlighting the need for effective disease-management strategies in these especially high-risk patients.
  • ||||||||||  dimethyl fumarate / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Oxidant Effect of Dimethyl Fumarate in Cystic Fibrosis Bronchial Epithelial Cells. (Pubmed Central) -  Dec 1, 2021   
    We found that DMF reduced the inflammatory response to LPS stimulation in both CF and non-CF bronchial epithelial cells, both as co-treatment and therapy, and restored LPS-mediated decrease of Trikafta™-mediated CFTR function in CF cells bearing the most common mutation, c.1521_1523delCTT (F508del)...Finally, we also demonstrated that DMF exhibited an anti-oxidant effect on CF cells after different inflammatory stimulations. Since DMF is an approved drug, it could be further investigated as a novel anti-inflammatory molecule to ameliorate lung inflammation in CF and improve the CFTR modulators efficacy.