- |||||||||| clonazepam / Generic mfg., alprazolam / Generic mfg.
Review, Journal: Can GABAkines Quiet the Noise? The GABA Receptor Neurobiology and Pharmacology of Tinnitus. (Pubmed Central) - Jun 15, 2022
For example, data implicating extrasynaptic GABAreceptors in the control of tinnitus suggests the potential for extrasynaptic GABA receptor modulators. The large medical need, a basis for further testing of the GABA hypothesis, and the recent reinvigoration of the drug development pipeline of new GABAkines, combine to give impetus and promise for further inquiry.
- |||||||||| clonazepam / Generic mfg., alprazolam / Generic mfg., methamphetamine / Generic mfg.
Journal: Drug consumption of suspected drug-influenced drivers in Hungary (2016-2018). (Pubmed Central) - Jun 15, 2022
The results of medical investigations may be uncertain due to the long time delay between arrest and clinical examination and to the structure of medical investigations created for determination of alcoholic impairment. In conclusion, a revision of the current medical investigation protocol is warranted to standardize clinical symptom scores that better correlate with driving impairment.
- |||||||||| ketamine / Generic mfg., alprazolam / Generic mfg., methamphetamine / Generic mfg.
The Impact of National Drug Policy on the Perceptions of Psychoactive Drugs Among Psychiatrists in the United States (Marquette Ballroom) - Jun 1, 2022 - Abstract #CPDD2022CPDD_252;
These results reveal inconsistencies between psychiatrists ¢â‚¬â„¢ perceptions about potential harms, abuse potential, and therapeutic benefits associated with certain psychoactive drugs and those implied by their legal status. This contrast represents a strong argument for a more coherent and scientifically grounded drug policy.
- |||||||||| fentanyl citrate / Generic mfg., naltrexone / Generic mfg., alprazolam / Generic mfg.
The Effects of Naltrexone and Buprenorphine on Self-Administration of Fentanyl-Alprazolam Combinations in Rhesus Monkeys (Conrad BC) - Jun 1, 2022 - Abstract #CPDD2022CPDD_179;
Subjects were 6 (3m/3f) adult rhesus monkeys trained to self-administer remifentanil (0.0003 mg/kg/injection) under a progressive-ratio (PR) schedule of reinforcement... The current results suggest that naltrexone and buprenorphine, although showcasing individual variability, are effective treatments for reducing the reinforcing effects of opioid-benzodiazepine combinations in rhesus monkeys.
- |||||||||| IS POOR SLEEP ASSOCIATED WITH USE OF MULTIPLE BENZODIAZEPINE RECEPTOR AGONISTS IN OLDER VETERANS? (Richardson Ballroom B) - May 20, 2022 - Abstract #SLEEP2022SLEEP_478;
Multi-BZA use was unrelated to duration of sleep complaints, sleep quality or sleep efficiency. Whether the use was simultaneous or staggered, these findings are concerning, given the elimination half-life of most of the BZAs and that polypharmacy, especially within medication class, may increase risk of adverse events (e.g., falls).
- |||||||||| lorazepam / Generic mfg., alprazolam / Generic mfg.
Journal: Alprazolam and lorazepam overdose and the absence of brainstem reflexes. (Pubmed Central) - May 17, 2022
Her consciousness and brainstem reflexes improved dramatically after 0.25 mg of intravenous flumazenil. The blood for BZDs concentration showed alprazolam 268 ng/mL (20-40 ng/mL), lorazepam 861 ng/mL (20-250 ng/mL) and their metabolites.
- |||||||||| alprazolam / Generic mfg.
Journal: Pregnancy and Neonatal Outcomes After Exposure to Alprazolam in Pregnancy. (Pubmed Central) - May 14, 2022
Our findings confirmed that alprazolam exposure during pregnancy was significantly associated with adverse pregnancy and neonatal outcomes, including spontaneous abortion, low birth weight, and Apgar score at 1 min ≤ 7. Alprazolam during pregnancy should be appropriately regulated and monitored.
- |||||||||| clonazepam / Generic mfg., alprazolam / Generic mfg.
Journal: Incidence and Prevalence of Alprazolam and Clonazepam Consumption at the Hospital Level in Ecuador. (Pubmed Central) - May 14, 2022
, it was determined that of the 1204 people who had prescriptions for psychotropic drugs, 58% are women, with a lower rate than men with 42% of prescriptions-validated by the VigiAccess portal. These results indicate the increase in the consumption of psychotropic drugs at the national level that will help carry out a better study for the annual reprogramming of drugs related to the acquisition of psychotropic drugs-achieving an optimal supply, delivering the complete treatment on time.
- |||||||||| darigabat (CVL-865) / Cerevel Therap
Darigabat Reduces Acute Panic and Fear Symptoms Induced by CO2 Inhalation in Healthy Participants (Palomino Ballroom 4-10) - May 6, 2022 - Abstract #ASCP2022ASCP_111;
Conclusions This trial demonstrated the panicolytic potential of darigabat, the rationally designed α2/3/5 receptor subtype-selective GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulator, based on reduction of acute panic and fear symptoms following 8 days of dosing in a validated, experimental clinical panic model in healthy participants. We believe these data warrant the further evaluation of darigabat in patients with anxiety disorders.
- |||||||||| darigabat (CVL-865) / Cerevel Therap
Darigabat Reduces Acute Panic and Fear Symptoms Induced by CO2 Inhalation in Healthy Participants (Salon A-E) - May 6, 2022 - Abstract #ASCP2022ASCP_29;
Conclusions This trial demonstrated the panicolytic potential of darigabat, the rationally designed α2/3/5 receptor subtype-selective GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulator, based on reduction of acute panic and fear symptoms following 8 days of dosing in a validated, experimental clinical panic model in healthy participants. We believe these data warrant the further evaluation of darigabat in patients with anxiety disorders.
- |||||||||| ketamine / Generic mfg., alprazolam / Generic mfg., methamphetamine / Generic mfg.
Perceptions of Psychoactive Drugs Among Psychiatrists in the United States: The Impact of National Drug Policy () - May 5, 2022 - Abstract #APA2022APA_1006;
Conclusion : Findings from this study demonstrate inconsistencies between psychiatrists’ perceptions about the potential harms associated with certain psychoactive drugs and those implied by their current legal status. This data represents a critical first step in building consensus among psychiatrists towards advocating for a more coherent and scientifically grounded drug policy.
- |||||||||| alprazolam / Generic mfg., methadone / Generic mfg.
Journal: Mortality in an Opioid Treatment Program. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 28, 2022
The majority of deaths were among long-term patients over 50 and were not caused by drug poisoning. These results support keeping patients in treatment despite ongoing drug use, and linking them to appropriate primary care.
- |||||||||| DIFFERENCES IN THE EPIDEMIOLOGY, TREATMENT AND OUTCOMES OF BLACK PATIENTS WITH GASTROPARESIS IN A NATIONWIDE ANALYSIS OF ACADEMIC MEDICAL CENTERS (28DE - San Diego Convention Center) - Apr 25, 2022 - Abstract #DDW2022DDW_3622;
Black patients were more likely to be treated with conventional prokinetic medications (metoclopramide, erythromycin, and azithromycin) but less likely to be given domperidone and pyridostigmine...Opioids were prescribed more among Black patients (the opposite for tapentadol), as were the neuromodulators amitryptiline and gabapentin, non-steroidals for pain, and the benzodiazepine Lorazepam (as opposed to alprazolam and clonazepam)...These could reflect differences in the clinical profile (more pain and nausea, less gastro-esophageal reflux), symptom severity or unequal access to healthcare and newer medications. Future research should focus on clarifying the root cause of these important disparities.
- |||||||||| Clinical, Review, Journal: A review on the forensic toxicology of global drug-facilitated sexual assaults. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 8, 2022
The findings suggest that a diverse range of substances are associated with DFSA and that victims are rendered vulnerable through recreational substance consumption at social events. As such, typical DFSA cases appear to be opportunistic in nature and primarily involves women in their mid-twenties and an acquaintance as the perpetrator.
- |||||||||| fentanyl citrate / Generic mfg., morphine sulphate / Generic mfg., alprazolam / Generic mfg.
The New and Dynamic Nature of the Opioid Epidemic (Great Hall Foyer, Third Floor) - Apr 8, 2022 - Abstract #ASAM2022ASAM_323;
Despite the large settlements recently reported widely in the media with drug manufacturers and distributors, the surge in overdoses is driven by illicitly obtained fentanyl and its powerful analogs. This represents a departure from the longstanding story of pharmaceutical companies “dumping” pills into communities.
- |||||||||| morphine sulphate / Generic mfg., alprazolam / Generic mfg., paracetamol / Generic mfg.
2 Methyl-AP-237 Overdose: A Case Report (Great Hall Foyer, Third Floor) - Apr 8, 2022 - Abstract #ASAM2022ASAM_221;
2 Methyl-AP-237 and Bucinnazine, are synthetic opioids that are currently not scheduled in the United States, can be easily procured and undetected by urine drug screening. When combined with benzodiazepine, 2 Methyl-AP-237 may cause life-threatening acute opioid overdose with apnea which can be reversed using extended duration IV naloxone infusion.
- |||||||||| fentanyl citrate / Generic mfg.
Facts About Fentanyl (Regency Ballroom, Second Floor) - Apr 8, 2022 - Abstract #ASAM2022ASAM_202;
Learning Objectives: Learners will be able to: Describe the recent epidemiological changes in the availability and use of fentanyl and analogues since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. List updated strategies for bedside and laboratory diagnosis using currently available tests for patients using fentanyl Describe the available evidence for the effects of chronic fentanyl use on precipitated withdrawal phenomena and the use of naloxone
- |||||||||| ketamine / Generic mfg., alprazolam / Generic mfg., amphetamine / Generic mfg.
Journal: Wastewater analysis for psychoactive substances at music festivals across New South Wales, Australia in 2019-2020. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 1, 2022
Amphetamine, cocaine, ketamine, methylone, MDMA, MDA, alprazolam, diazepam, etizolam, oxazepam and temazepam were found in almost all samples from all festivals...A norfentanyl (a fentanyl metabolite) and n-ethylpentylone were found at 2/6 and 1/6 festivals...The detection of highly toxic substances such as N-ethylpentylone and norfentanyl may warrant public health alerts. If provided close to real time, wastewater analysis at festivals could be complemented with information sources such as drug checking, on-site surveys, medical presentations and intelligence from peer networks to feed into early warning systems, public health alerts and peer-based harm reduction education during the festival season.
- |||||||||| alprazolam / Generic mfg.
Clinical, Journal: Outpatient Treatment of Chronic Designer Benzodiazepine Use: A Case Report. (Pubmed Central) - Mar 23, 2022
To be cautious, supervised benzodiazepine tapers or anticonvulsants should be explored as treatment strategies, based on their use in pharmaceutical benzodiazepine use disorders. Inpatient acute withdrawal management should be considered, and anticonvulsants may play a role in the first 4 to 6 weeks of treatment.
- |||||||||| alprazolam / Generic mfg.
Clinical, Journal: Challenges of Diagnosing and Managing Designer Benzodiazepine Dependence and Withdrawal: A Case Report. (Pubmed Central) - Mar 23, 2022
Initial studies suggest that DBZDs have high potencies, shorter half-lives, are more addictive, and can result in more severe withdrawal symptoms compared to known benzodiazepines. However, there remains a lack of information about the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of DBZDs, making clinical management for DBZD related sedative-hypnotic use disorders challenging to treat.
- |||||||||| KETAMINE AND BUPRENORPHINE ADJUNCTIVE THERAPIES IN AN OPIOID-TOLERANT PATIENT WITH SEVERE ARDS ([VIRTUAL]) - Mar 23, 2022 - Abstract #SCCM2022SCCM_1909;
Description: A 61 year old woman with history of chronic pain prescribed 1870 morphine milligram equivalents daily (1600 mg morphine SR daily, oxycodone 30 mg every 4 hours) with additional polypharmacy (alprazolam, bupropion, amitriptyline, valproic acid, and escitalopram)...Achievement of adequate deep sedation was difficult due to her opioid tolerance even with enteral oxycodone, infusions of up to 10 mg/hr of midazolam, 350 mcg/min of fentanyl, 1 mcg/kg/min of dexmedetomidine, and IV phenobarbital boluses...Months after admission she was discharged home with family on buprenorphine, gabapentin, aripiprazole, and hydroxyzine...There is little evidence in literature for specific dosing of these adjuncts, but there is consensus that protocolized multi-modal sedation and analgesia is best for ventilator weaning in prolonged and difficult sedations. This case represents a need for further investigation into non-opioid options for ICU sedation and analgesia protocols in high-tolerance patients.
- |||||||||| alprazolam / Generic mfg.
Journal: Flualprazolam distribution in postmortem samples. (Pubmed Central) - Mar 19, 2022
Flualprazolam, a triazolobenzodiazepine, quickly garnered attention as a sedative drug that likely expresses adverse reactions similarly to alprazolam...Additional analyses for unconjugated flualprazolam were performed on at a total of 15 urine samples ( = 14.4, 4.07-36.1 ng/ml), 23 brain homogenates ( = 23.2, 3.99-69.3 ng/g), 23 liver homogenates ( = 50.7, 13.6-156 ng/g), five vitreous humor samples ( = 7.70, 4.03-12 ng/ml), and 12 gastric contents samples ( = 0.36, 0.02-2.51 mg). The cause of death for 13 of the 24 cases listed flualprazolam as a contributing factor of death.
- |||||||||| alprazolam / Generic mfg.
Journal: A Two-Year Evaluation of Flualprazolam Concentrations in Orange County Drivers: Effects on Driving and Field Sobriety Test Performance. (Pubmed Central) - Mar 5, 2022
Due to the addition of fluorine to alprazolam, flualprazolam's chemistry was enough to bypass targeted toxicology confirmations and it has become increasingly available for purchase both on the dark web and in counterfeit pills...The most common other drugs detected were THC (62%), ethanol (20%) and cocaine and/or methamphetamine (32%)...The field sobriety test (FST) results were evaluated and showed a higher frequency of impaired performance in cases of flualprazolam in combination with other drugs. No conclusion could be made regarding the effect of flualprazolam alone on FST performance.
- |||||||||| Clinical, Journal: Occurrence of Pharmaceutically Active Compounds and Potential Ecological Risks in Wastewater from Hospitals and Receiving Waters in Sri Lanka. (Pubmed Central) - Feb 3, 2022
The removal rates in wastewater treatment were 100% for zolpidem, norsertaline, quetiapine, chlorpromazine, and alprazolam...Compounds such as ibuprofen, tramadol, and chlorpromazine detected in untreated and treated wastewater at these facilities pose a high risk to several aquatic organisms...Compounds such as ibuprofen, tramadol, and chlorpromazine detected in untreated and treated wastewater at these facilities pose a high risk to several aquatic organisms. This study provides novel monitoring data for non-antimicrobial PAC abundance and the associated potential ecological risk related to hospitals and urban surface waters in Sri Lanka and further offers invaluable information on pre-COVID-19 era PAC distribution in the country.
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