loperamide / Generic mfg. 
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  • ||||||||||  loperamide hydrochloride / Generic Mfg.
    Preclinical, Journal:  The effect of Codonopis bulleynana Forest ex Diels on chronically constipated mice. (Pubmed Central) -  Sep 6, 2019   
    Obvious changes were shown in intestinal microbiota of chronically constipated mice treated with Codonopsis bulleyana water extract as the proportion of beneficial bacteria increased in the model treated by Codonopsis bulleyana. Codonopsis bulleyana water extract alleviates constipation symptoms caused by loperamide hydrochloride and improves the intestinal microbiota in constipated mice.
  • ||||||||||  loperamide / Generic mfg.
    Enrollment closed, Trial completion date, Trial primary completion date:  Gut Transit Effect on Enterohepatic Circulation (clinicaltrials.gov) -  Sep 3, 2019   
    P=N/A,  N=19, Active, not recruiting, 
    Therefore, FBe might act as a promising laxative agent and functional food ingredient to cure spastic constipation, with less toxicity observed at a dose of 100 mg/kg. Not yet recruiting --> Active, not recruiting | Trial completion date: Jun 2019 --> Dec 2019 | Trial primary completion date: Jun 2018 --> Dec 2018
  • ||||||||||  loperamide hydrochloride / Generic Mfg.
    Preclinical, Journal:  Adhesive Bifidobacterium Induced Changes in Cecal Microbiome Alleviated Constipation in Mice. (Pubmed Central) -  Aug 29, 2019   
    ...In this study, constipated mice induced by loperamide were used to investige the alleviation of constipation by Bifidobacteria...From the perspective of cecal microbiota, CMB1 alleviated constipation mainly by increasing the relative abundances of genera Lactobacillus, Bacteroides, unclassified S24-7, Dorea, Ruminococcus, Coprococcus, and Rikenella, and decreasing the relative abundances of genera Oscillospira, Odoribacter and Unclassified F16, which are associated with methane production and colonic transit. Overall, changes of microbiota in caecum by CMB1 reflect the stage of constipation in mice more comprehensively than that in feces.
  • ||||||||||  domperidone / KunWha Pharma
    Journal:  Screening of intestinal peristalsis-promoting probiotics based on a zebrafish model. (Pubmed Central) -  Aug 22, 2019   
    The intestinal peristalsis frequency of each group within 1 min was calculated after immersing the model zebrafish in 108 CFU mL-1 strain solution. The results showed that L. paracasei X11 had a better function of intestinal peristalsis-promotion.
  • ||||||||||  loperamide hydrochloride / Generic Mfg.
    Journal:  An Intraplantar Hypertonic Saline Assay in Mice for Rapid Screening of Analgesics. (Pubmed Central) -  Aug 17, 2019   
    HS assay is easily performed, rapidly detects standard analgesics, and produces minimal animal suffering without tissue damage. We propose this assay as a useful addition to the armamentarium of existing preclinical analgesic screens.
  • ||||||||||  loperamide hydrochloride / Generic Mfg.
    Journal:  Evaluation of the antidiarrheal activity of the leaf extract of Parquetina nigrescens and formulation into oral suspensions. (Pubmed Central) -  Aug 16, 2019   
    ...The first and second groups received 5 and 200 mg/kg body weight (bw) of the extract, while the third and fourth groups received normal saline (5 mg/kg bw) and loperamide (5 mg/kg bw) as negative and positive controls, respectively...The results suggest that Pn possesses significant antidiarrheal activity. Suspensions of Pn were successfully formulated in structured vehicles and were effective in the control of diarrhea in Wistar rats.
  • ||||||||||  Remicade (infliximab) / Mitsubishi Tanabe, J&J
    To Flex or Not to Flex? A Case of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Induced Colitis (Exhibit Halls 3 and 4 (Street Level)) -  Aug 8, 2019 - Abstract #ACG2019ACG_2465;    
    Case Description/ A 46-year-old male with metastatic melanoma on Ipilumumab and Pembrolizumab developed diarrhea after his third infusion...He received IV methylprednisolone and maximum dose loperamide with no improvement after 3 days...Our patient suffered from severe colitis which resolved with one dose of infliximab and steroid taper. We propose that when clinical presentation is consistent with severe checkpoint inhibitor-induced colitis and thorough infectious work up is negative, flexible sigmoidoscopy should not delay treatment and may not be necessary prior to treatment with infliximab.
  • ||||||||||  amoxicillin / generics
    Astrovirus Enteritis in an Immunocompetent Adult in the Setting of Chronic Proliferative Synovitis (Exhibit Halls 3 and 4 (Street Level)) -  Aug 8, 2019 - Abstract #ACG2019ACG_2216;    
    The patient reported to have two recent sick contacts with similar diarrheal episodes and a course of amoxicillin 1 month ago for a dental indication...The patient underwent supportive treatment for her diarrhea with Loperamide and IV fluids following which she improved clinically...Patients with chronic inflammatory conditions like SLE or synovitis seem to be more prone to viral infections due to their pro-inflammatory condition, making them more susceptible to infections that are otherwise cleared by the adult immune system. Hence, it is important to consider this clinical entity when assessing severe gastroenteritis in patients with pro-inflammatory status.
  • ||||||||||  Gattex (teduglutide) / Takeda
    Teduglutide Therapy for a Patient With Chronic Intestinal Failure Following Multi-Visceral Transplantation (Exhibit Halls 3 and 4 (Street Level)) -  Aug 8, 2019 - Abstract #ACG2019ACG_2210;    
    Loperamide and Diphenoxylate were also trialed...She was placed on Linaclotide in addition to Teduglutide with the need to maximize TPN requirements...Research is ongoing to discover pharmacologic treatment options that significantly decrease the necessity of TPN and IVF. HGH and GLP-2 agonists are options at this time, however remain in question if they are effective long term.
  • ||||||||||  fluorouracil / generics, capecitabine / generics
    Capecitabine-Induced Ileitis: A Case Report (Exhibit Halls 3 and 4 (Street Level)) -  Aug 8, 2019 - Abstract #ACG2019ACG_2172;    
    The mechanism is reported to be due to the susceptibility of the intestinal vascular endothelium to 5-FU by the generation of free radicals which may lead to a hypercoagulable state. In summary, treating physicians should be aware of this critical side effect and intervene early when diarrhea is reported.
  • ||||||||||  duloxetine delayed release / generics
    Another Case of Duloxetine-Induced Lymphocytic Colitis (Exhibit Halls 3 and 4 (Street Level)) -  Aug 8, 2019 - Abstract #ACG2019ACG_1576;    
    Her other home medications were Levothyroxine and Lisinopril...Decision was made to taper the Duloxetine, and patient was started on Loperamide...There were two other published case reports of duloxetine-associated LC, and just like this case, discontinuation of the medication resulted in prompt resolution of the diarrhea. Microscopic colitis has been associated with excessive fluid loss and malabsorption caused by the inflammation and can easily result in dehydration, dizziness and weight loss affecting quality of life.
  • ||||||||||  methylprednisolone / generics
    A Less Recognized Cause of Checkpoint Inhibitor-Induced Diarrhea (Exhibit Halls 3 and 4 (Street Level)) -  Aug 8, 2019 - Abstract #ACG2019ACG_1556;    
    Infectious work up was negative and the patient started loperamide...Pembrolizumab was held and he was started on IV methylprednisolone with improvement in the frequency of his bowel movement...The patient was switched from prednisone to budesonide because of the lower rate of response associated with prednisone...The data on clinical, endoscopic, and histologic characteristics as well as management strategies for immune checkpoint induced microscopic colitis, is limited. Our case, suggests a unique form of gastrointestinal toxicity associated with pembrolizumab (PD-1 blocker) and highlights successful management with IV and oral corticosteroids, which permitted the patient to continue pembrolizumab without interruption.
  • ||||||||||  Ofev (nintedanib) / Boehringer Ingelheim
    Drug-Induced Colitis With Nintedanib Therapy (Exhibit Halls 3 and 4 (Street Level)) -  Aug 8, 2019 - Abstract #ACG2019ACG_1531;    
    Our two cases demonstrate that symptoms resolve rapidly with drug withdrawal, recur rapidly upon rechallenge, and resolve again on withdrawal, suggesting a hypersensitivity reaction. Both cases demonstrate deposition of subepithelial eosinophilic material, which may offer a diagnostic clue to this drug induced diarrhea.
  • ||||||||||  Loperium (loperamide hydrochloride) / Remedica
    Journal:  Loperamide abuse cardiotoxicity. Should loperamide still be an over the counter medication? (Pubmed Central) -  Aug 7, 2019   
    Due to increased loperamide abuse and toxicity displayed within the last several years, public and health provider awareness should be optimized to fully understand its lethality, and stricter regulations on its availability to the general population should be considered. Even in asymptomatic patients with ECG abnormalities, emergency medicine physicians should admit them for further monitoring and aggressive medical therapy.
  • ||||||||||  Loperium (loperamide hydrochloride) / Remedica
    Preclinical, Journal:  Effects of Motilin Receptor Agonists and Ghrelin in Human motilin receptor Transgenic Mice. (Pubmed Central) -  Jul 19, 2019   
    ...The administration of EM in this model promoted the effect of mosapride (a selective serotonin 5-hydroxytryptamine 4 (5-HT4) receptor agonist), and improved loperamide (a μ-opioid receptor agonist)-induced gastroparesis...Thus, we have established an animal model appropriate for the evaluation of motilin receptor agonists. These data and the model are expected to facilitate the identification of novel compounds with clinical potential for relieving symptoms of dyspepsia and gastroparesis.
  • ||||||||||  methoxyamine (TRC102) / Tracon Pharma
    Trial completion date, Trial primary completion date, Combination therapy:  TRC102 and Temozolomide for Relapsed Solid Tumors and Lymphomas (clinicaltrials.gov) -  Jul 18, 2019   
    P1/2,  N=140, Recruiting, 
    These data and the model are expected to facilitate the identification of novel compounds with clinical potential for relieving symptoms of dyspepsia and gastroparesis. Trial completion date: Feb 2020 --> Dec 2020 | Trial primary completion date: Dec 2019 --> Dec 2020
  • ||||||||||  Recentin (cediranib) / AstraZeneca
    Trial completion date, Trial primary completion date, Monotherapy, Metastases:  Sunitinib or Cediranib for Alveolar Soft Part Sarcoma (clinicaltrials.gov) -  Jul 18, 2019   
    P2,  N=70, Recruiting, 
    Trial completion date: Feb 2020 --> Dec 2020 | Trial primary completion date: Dec 2019 --> Dec 2020 Trial completion date: Dec 2019 --> Dec 2020 | Trial primary completion date: Dec 2019 --> Dec 2020
  • ||||||||||  Loperium (loperamide hydrochloride) / Remedica
    Journal:  A conformationally-gated model of methadone and loperamide transport by P-glycoprotein. (Pubmed Central) -  Jun 26, 2019   
    Acrylamide quenching of tryptophan fluorescence to probe Pgp conformational changes revealed that methadone- and loperamide-induced conformational changes were distinct. These results were used to develop a model for Pgp-mediated transport of methadone and loperamide where opioid binding and conformational changes are used to explain the differences in the opioid transport rates between methadone and loperamide.
  • ||||||||||  Tyvaso (treprostinil) / United Therapeutics, treprostinil cutaneous iontophoresis / University Hospital Grenoble
    Journal:  Catastrophic circulatory collapse after inadvertent subcutaneous injection of treprostinil. (Pubmed Central) -  Jun 9, 2019   
    A patient who received an inadvertent overdose of subcutaneous treprostinil experienced cardiovascular collapse requiring aggressive resuscitation measures. Successful management of the patient was largely supportive, including fluids, bolus-dose vasopressors, multiple high-dose vasopressor infusions, ondansetron, acetaminophen, and loperamide.