loperamide / Generic mfg. 
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  • ||||||||||  loperamide hydrochloride / Generic mfg.
    Preclinical, Journal:  Laxative effect of probiotic chocolate on loperamide-induced constipation in rats. (Pubmed Central) -  Mar 18, 2020   
    LYC also significantly increased (n = 5) the intestinal motility and modulated (n = 9) mRNA expression levels of colonic ZO-1 and Cldn-1 in the constipated rats. Altogether, these results demonstrate that probiotic chocolate has potential as a dietary adjunct for the treatment of constipation.
  • ||||||||||  loperamide hydrochloride / Generic mfg.
    Loperamide Abuse Presenting with Life-Threatening Arrhythmias (PENNSYLVANIA CONVENTION CENTER, Hall D-E (200 Level), Area G) -  Mar 15, 2020 - Abstract #ATS2020ATS_5379;    
    Managing cardiotoxicity from loperamide overdose is a challenge that requires a multidisciplinary approach and careful monitoring.Conclusions1) Loperamide toxicity can lead to QTc prolongation and cardiac arrhythmia which can be potentially fatal.2) Treatment includes advanced cardiac life support. For QTc prolongation, intravenous isoproterenol and overdrive transvenous pacing should be used.3) If present, the underlying opioid use disorder must be addressed
  • ||||||||||  Remicade (infliximab) / Mitsubishi Tanabe, J&J, Opdivo (nivolumab) / Ono Pharma, BMS, Entyvio (vedolizumab) / Takeda
    VEDOLIZUMAB FOR STEROID & INFLIXIMAB-REFRACTORY ICI-COLITIS () -  Mar 8, 2020 - Abstract #CDDW2020CDDW_186;    
    Stool cultures and C. diff were negative and 85mg of daily prednisone was started, while the ICI was held for 8 weeks...Conclusions Given vedolizumab’s safety and gut-specificity, it should readily be considered in the treatment of ICI irAE. Funding Agencies None
  • ||||||||||  loperamide hydrochloride / Generic mfg.
    Bamboo shavings derived O-acetyl-arabinoxylan alleviates loperamide-induced constipation in mice (102B, Pennsylvania Convention Center) -  Feb 13, 2020 - Abstract #ACSSp2020ACS_Sp_7480;    
    Moreover, the result of transcriptome analysis of the colon tissue suggested that BSH-1 normalized the expression of genes related to GI peristalsis (i.e. Ache, Chrm2, Chrm3, Slc18a3, Grp, Htr3a, Htr4, Vip, Vipr, Apoa4 and Lepr), colonic water and ion transport (i.e. Aqp4, Aqp8, Atp12a, Adcy2, Adcy8 and Trpv6), intestinal inflammation (i.e. Cyp2d12, Muc2, Muc3, Lbp, Lgals2, Nos2 and Nox1) and intestinal cancer (i.e. Bcl2, Bcl2l15, Gsdmc2, Gsdmc4, Ntn1, Olfm4, Pitx2, Reg4, Saa3 and Wnt2b). The above results indicated that BSH-1 consumption effectively ameliorated loperamide-induced constipation in mice and could be suggested as a functional food choice for constipation.
  • ||||||||||  loperamide hydrochloride / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Community-acquired pseudomembranous colitis precipitated by loperamide. (Pubmed Central) -  Feb 7, 2020   
    The above results indicated that BSH-1 consumption effectively ameliorated loperamide-induced constipation in mice and could be suggested as a functional food choice for constipation. No abstract available
  • ||||||||||  Reasanz (serelaxin) / Novartis
    Journal:  Colokinetic effect of an insulin-like peptide 5-related agonist of the RXFP4 receptor. (Pubmed Central) -  Jan 29, 2020   
    We investigated the ability of INSL5-A13 to increase the speed of emptying of a bead from the colon, after expulsion had been slowed by the peripherally restricted opioid agonist, loperamide (1 mg/kg)...Bead expulsion was not accelerated in RXFP4-/- mice. Our data suggest that RXFP4 agonists could be useful in the treatment of constipation.
  • ||||||||||  loperamide hydrochloride / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Multi-dose oral abuse deterrent formulation of Loperamide using Hot melt extrusion. (Pubmed Central) -  Jan 28, 2020   
    Dissolution in 250 mL ofFasted state simulated gastric fluid (FaSSGF) revealed that single tablet of Imodium® (marketed formulation) and SJU1 showed >85% of release within 15 minutes. Most importantly, in multi-unit dissolution (15 tablets), Imodium® exhibited >90% release but SJU tablets showed <2% of drug release thus demonstrating its ability to deter multi-dose oral abuse.
  • ||||||||||  fentanyl citrate / Generic mfg., loperamide hydrochloride / Generic mfg., methadone / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Suppression of Human Natural Killer Cells by Different Classes of Opioids. (Pubmed Central) -  Jan 23, 2020   
    Suppression of natural killer cell cytotoxicity was observed with μ- and κ-receptor agonists but not δ-receptor agonists. These data suggest that the effect is mediated by μ- and κ-receptor agonism and that suppression is similar with many clinically used opioids.
  • ||||||||||  efavirenz / Generic mfg., ritonavir / Generic mfg.
    Phase classification:  dLOP: Efavirenz and Ritonavir on Human Brain P-Glycoprotein (clinicaltrials.gov) -  Jan 22, 2020   
    P1/2,  N=13, Completed, 
    These data suggest that the effect is mediated by μ- and κ-receptor agonism and that suppression is similar with many clinically used opioids. Phase classification: P=N/A --> P1/2
  • ||||||||||  loperamide hydrochloride / Generic mfg.
    Preclinical, Journal:  Effects of Bread Yeast Cell Wall Beta-Glucans on Mice with Loperamide-Induced Constipation. (Pubmed Central) -  Jan 21, 2020   
    This study showed that β-glucans can influence the intestinal microbiota and restore microecological balance to regulate the express of neurotransmitters and TJP to recover intestinal epithelial mechanical barrier. We suggested that β-glucans could be used as an active nutritional supplement to protect the damaged intestinal barrier and help patients who have constipation complications and dysbiosis.
  • ||||||||||  Xifaxan (rifaximin) / Alfa Wassermann, Bausch Health, Norgine, ASKA
    Clinical, Review, Journal:  Travelers' Diarrhea: A Clinical Review. (Pubmed Central) -  Jan 16, 2020   
    Although travelers' diarrhea is usually self-limited, many travelers prefer expedient relief of diarrhea, especially when they are traveling for extended periods by air or ground. Judicious use of an antimotility agent and antimicrobial therapy reduces the duration and severity of diarrhea.
  • ||||||||||  loperamide hydrochloride / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Methanol soluble fraction of fruits of Annona muricata possesses significant antidiarrheal activities. (Pubmed Central) -  Jan 10, 2020   
    The effect of vehicle saline (10 ml/kgbw) was considered as control and loperamide (5 mg/kgbw) as standard that provided 67.01% inhibition of diarrhea. The results suggest that, the fruits of Annona muricata possess potent antidiarrheal properties, providing scientific basis of using the plant parts in the treatment of diarrheal disease.
  • ||||||||||  loperamide hydrochloride / Generic mfg.
    Preclinical, Journal:  Effect of Royal Jelly on Mouse Isolated Ileum and Gastrointestinal Motility. (Pubmed Central) -  Jan 8, 2020   
    In contrast, in a gastrointestinal (GI) transit model, single oral administration of 300 mg/kg RJ did not affect GI transit in both normal mice and the loperamide-induced constipation model mice...In contrast, single oral administration of RJ did not improve constipation. This study is the first to evaluate the effects of RJ on the motility of mouse ileum in in vitro and in vivo experiments for the validation of application of RJ as a gentle laxative.
  • ||||||||||  bortezomib / J&J, Generic mfg., loperamide hydrochloride / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Loperamide overcomes the resistance of colon cancer cells to bortezomib by inducing CHOP-mediated paraptosis-like cell death. (Pubmed Central) -  Dec 23, 2019   
    Furthermore, Lop potentiates Btz-mediated ER stress and ER dilation due to misfolded protein accumulation and Ca imbalance, leading to CHOP upregulation and subsequent paraptosis-like cell death. Taken together, our results show for the first time that a combined regimen of PI and Lop may provide an effective and safe therapeutic strategy against solid tumors, including colon cancer, by enhancing the sensitivity to PIs and reducing the side effects of such treatment.
  • ||||||||||  loperamide hydrochloride / Generic mfg.
    [VIRTUAL] THE LONG-LASTING HIGH: CARDIAC COMPLICATIONS FROM LOPERAMIDE TOXICITY (eAbstract Virtual Hall) -  Dec 22, 2019 - Abstract #ACC2020ACC_4546;    
    The literature reports cases of relatively little to dramatic QRS prolongation and severe QTc prolongation (2). In light of the rise in severity of presentations and increased amount of support required, it is important to be aware of loperamide’s potential toxicity to ensure timely medical management and prevent clinical deterioration.
  • ||||||||||  ondansetron / Generic mfg., Omeprazole RBX (omeprazole) / Generic mfg.
    [VIRTUAL] IMPLANTABLE CARDIOVERTER DEFIBRILLATOR PLACEMENT IN A PATIENT WITH POTENTIALLY REVERSIBLE CAUSES OF LONG QT SYNDROME (eAbstract Virtual Hall) -  Dec 22, 2019 - Abstract #ACC2020ACC_4542;    
    An ICD was placed prior to discharge.Decision‐making: Our patient’s acquired long QT syndrome was attributed to the many QT prolonging drugs she was taking, including escitalopram, loperamide, ondansetron, hydroxyzine, her history of bariatric surgery, complicated with chronic diarrhea leading to malabsorption, suspected Gitelman’s syndrome and chronic omeprazole use. Multidisciplinary discussions led to the conclusion that the patient would benefit from ICD placement given her history of ongoing chronic diarrhea which would be difficult to correct given her bariatric surgery, underlying bradycardia preventing medical management with a beta blocker, possible Gitelman’s syndrome and, most importantly, secondary prevention following her cardiac arrest.
  • ||||||||||  loperamide hydrochloride / Generic mfg., Cardilor (amiodarone) / Generic mfg., methadone / Generic mfg.
    [VIRTUAL] TORSADES DE POINTES IN SUBSTANCE ABUSE PATIENT WITH NEGATIVE URINE TOXICITY (eAbstract Virtual Hall) -  Dec 22, 2019 - Abstract #ACC2020ACC_4515;    
    Loperamide is readily available over the counter that is used as a “poor man’s methadone” to self-treat opioid withdrawal symptoms. Loperamide abuse should include in differential diagnosis of long QTc in otherwise healthy patients with history of opioid abuse.
  • ||||||||||  loperamide hydrochloride / Generic mfg., pimozide / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Loperamide, pimozide, and STF-62247 trigger autophagy-dependent cell death in glioblastoma cells. (Pubmed Central) -  Dec 21, 2019   
    In summary, our results indicate that loperamide, pimozide, and STF-62247 induce ATG5- and ATG7-dependent cell death in GBM cells, which is preceded by a massive induction of autophagy. These findings emphasize the lethal function and potential clinical relevance of hyperactivated autophagy in GBM.