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  • ||||||||||  hyoscine butylbromide oral / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Corneal Epithelium-Derived Netrin-1 Alleviates Dry Eye Disease via Regulating Dendritic Cell Activation. (Pubmed Central) -  Jun 11, 2022   
    We generated DED mouse models with desiccating stress under scopolamine treatment...We identified decreased NTN-1 expression in the corneal epithelium of DED mice. Our findings elucidate the role of NTN-1 in alleviating DED and impeding DC activation, thereby indicating its therapeutic potential in suppressing ocular inflammation in DED.
  • ||||||||||  hyoscine butylbromide oral / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Coumarin-monoterpenes from Gerbera anandria (Linn.) Sch.-Bip and their neuroprotective activity. (Pubmed Central) -  Jun 8, 2022   
    Moreover, pretreatment with 3 also could attenuate the down-regulation of HO-1 and Nrf2 induced by scopolamine. In conclusion, these results demonstrated that these compounds possessed the protective effects on scopolamine-injured PC12 cells through anti-apoptotic and anti-oxidant activities.
  • ||||||||||  hyoscine butylbromide oral / Generic mfg., bumetanide / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Physical and Chemical Stability of Pharmaceutical Preparation of Bumetanide and Scopolamine. (Pubmed Central) -  Jun 8, 2022   
    This study was the first to show that the admixture of bumetanide and scopolamine is physically and chemically stable at two concentrations used in a palliative-care unit. This combination available in ready-to-use polypropylene syringes presents numerous advantages for patient's comfort and safety.
  • ||||||||||  hyoscine butylbromide oral / Generic mfg.
    Preclinical, Journal:  Alpha lipoic acid reverses scopolamine-induced spatial memory loss and pyramidal cell neurodegeneration in the prefrontal cortex of Wistar rats. (Pubmed Central) -  Jun 8, 2022   
    Scopolamine caused a significant decline in spatial working memory, prefrontal neuron cell loss, and increased proliferation of reactive astrocytes (astrogliosis) when compared with the control and AHA treated group. AHA process of reversing scopolamine-induced memory deficit, prefrontal neuron cell loss, and generation of reactive astrocytes (astrogliosis) is mediated by its antioxidant mediated positive modulation of astrocyte-neuronal interaction during neuroinflammation in response to oxidative tissue damage.
  • ||||||||||  Akineton (biperiden) / Endo, AbbVie
    Journal:  Cholinergic models of memory impairment in animals and man: scopolamine vs. biperiden. (Pubmed Central) -  Jun 4, 2022   
    It is concluded that the effects on cognitive functions are different for scopolamine and biperiden, and they should be considered as different cognitive deficit models. Scopolamine may model more advanced stages of Alzheimer's disease whereas biperiden may model the early deficits in declarative memory in aging and mild cognitive impairment.
  • ||||||||||  hyoscine butylbromide oral / Generic mfg.
    Review, Journal:  Anticholinergic treatment for sialorrhea in children: A systematic review. (Pubmed Central) -  May 25, 2022   
    Each anticholinergic undergoing experimental study (glycopyrrolate, scopolamine/hyoscine, trihexyphenidyl/benzhexol, benztropine, and atropine) showed evidence of efficacy...More studies are needed with uniformity in outcome measures to help guide evidence-based decision making. A guidance table is presented.
  • ||||||||||  hyoscine butylbromide oral / Generic mfg.
    Preclinical, Journal:  Novel CFTR Activator Cact-3 Ameliorates Ocular Surface Dysfunctions in Scopolamine-Induced Dry Eye Mice. (Pubmed Central) -  May 21, 2022   
    In addition, Cact-3 significantly reduced ocular surface damage and the expression of proinflammatory factors, including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interferon (IFN)-γ in an experimental mouse model of dry eye disease. These results suggest that Cact-3, a novel CFTR activator, may be a potential development candidate for the treatment of dry eye disease.
  • ||||||||||  hyoscine butylbromide oral / Generic mfg.
    Clinical, Journal:  Death rattle or a silent death? Study gives rise to further reflections on a good death (Pubmed Central) -  May 9, 2022   
    The SILENCE-study investigated the effectiveness of prophylactic use of scopolamine butylbromide to prevent death rattle...Further reflection however is needed whether such preventive medication use may increase medicalization at the end of life. In this way, the Silence study gives rise for a broader reflection about what constitutes a good death and how society can take care of this.
  • ||||||||||  hyoscine butylbromide oral / Generic mfg.
    Preclinical, Journal:  Neuromodulatory Mechanisms of a Memory Loss-Preventive Effect of Alpha-Lipoic Acid in an Experimental Rat Model of Dementia. (Pubmed Central) -  May 6, 2022   
    This study evaluates some of the neuromodulatory mechanisms of the memory loss preventive effect of alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) in a scopolamine (Sco)-induced rat model of Alzheimer's disease (AD) type dementia...It also improved exploratory behaviour and preserved habituation, and it decreased AChE activity, reversing it to control group levels, and corrected aberrant monoamine levels in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. According to the data available, this is the first time that ALA-induced changes in AChE and monoamine levels in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus (brain structures related to learning and memory) have been demonstrated in a Sco-induced rat model of AD type dementia.
  • ||||||||||  hyoscine butylbromide oral / Generic mfg.
    Preclinical, Journal:  Wasp Venom Ameliorates Scopolamine-Induced Learning and Memory Impairment in Mice. (Pubmed Central) -  Apr 28, 2022   
    Furthermore, the intraperitoneal administration of WV to SCO-treated mice at doses ranged from 250 to 500 µg/kg body weight ameliorated memory impairment behavior, reduced histological injury in the hippocampal region, and reduced oxidative stress biomarkers in the brain and blood of SCO-treated mice. Our findings demonstrate that WV possess the potential to improve learning and memory deficit in vivo while further study is needed for the proper dose and safety measures and clinical effectiveness.
  • ||||||||||  hyoscine butylbromide oral / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Parquetina nigrescens and Spondias mombin protects against neurochemical alterations in the scopolamine model of cognitive dysfunction. (Pubmed Central) -  Apr 28, 2022   
    Parquetina nigrescens and Spondias mombin are examples of such medicinal plants that have been explored in folklore for the management of neurodegenerative diseases but there is a dearth of scientific validation for their use while there is no present data to evaluate possible mechanisms of action employed by these medicinal plants to mediate the therapeutic potential observed in folklore. Therefore, the present study seeks to validate the therapeutic use of P. nigrescens and S. mombin as observed in folklore as well as explore the possible mechanism of actions the plants may employ in mediating the proposed therapeutic potentials in neurodegenerative disease conditions while considering its toxicological effects in experimental animals.
  • ||||||||||  hyoscine butylbromide oral / Generic mfg., donepezil / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Novel inhibitors of AChE and Aβ aggregation with neuroprotective properties as lead compounds for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. (Pubmed Central) -  Apr 26, 2022   
    Moreover, compound 24r exhibited more effective treatment prospects in vivo than donepezil, including a moderate blood-brain barrier permeability, a more potent AChE inhibitory activity and behavioral improvement in scopolamine-induced cognition-impaired mice model at a much lower dose. Collectively, compound 24r is a promising lead compound for further investigation to discovery and development of new anti-AD agents.
  • ||||||||||  hyoscine butylbromide oral / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Mesostructured Silicas as Cation-Exchange Sorbents in Packed or Dispersive Solid Phase Extraction for the Determination of Tropane Alkaloids in Culinary Aromatics Herbs by HPLC-MS/MS. (Pubmed Central) -  Apr 23, 2022   
    The materials (HMS-SO and SBA-15-SO) were evaluated as strong cation exchange sorbents for sample extract clean-up, by solid phase extraction (SPE) and dispersive solid phase extraction, to determine atropine (At) and scopolamine (Sc) in commercial culinary aromatic herbs...Sixteen aromatic herbs samples (dried thyme, basil and coriander leaves) were analysed and At was found in fourteen samples over an interval of <5-42 μg/kg, whereas Sc was found in three of the sixteen samples studied (between <5-34 μg/kg). The amount of At and Sc found in some analysed samples confirms the importance of setting maximum levels of At and Sc in culinary aromatic herbs.
  • ||||||||||  ondansetron / Generic mfg., hyoscine butylbromide oral / Generic mfg., promethazine / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Predictors of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting After Endoscopic Skull Base Surgery. (Pubmed Central) -  Apr 19, 2022   
    This report highlights novel risk factors for patients undergoing endoscopic skull base surgery. Upfront standing antiemetic therapy may be considered when treating patients with independent predictors of postoperative nausea and vomiting, including female sex, cavernous sinus dissection, and extended surgical approach.
  • ||||||||||  hyoscine butylbromide oral / Generic mfg.
    Clinical, Review, Journal:  Reflections on including patients in a randomized placebo-controlled multicentre trial in the dying phase - the SILENCE study. (Pubmed Central) -  Apr 19, 2022   
    The SILENCE study, performed in six inpatient hospice facilities, was a placebo-controlled trial to study the effect of ScopolamIne butyLbromidE giveN prophylactiCally for dEath rattle in dying patients...Gatekeeping by HCPs and relatives occurred in a small number of patients. The robust design and applied strategies to facilitate patient recruitment in this study resulted in a successful study with sufficient participants.
  • ||||||||||  hyoscine butylbromide oral / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Localization of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor dependent rhythm generating modules in the Drosophila larval locomotor network. (Pubmed Central) -  Apr 19, 2022   
    Application of the mAChR antagonist scopolamine suppressed rhythm generation in these regions and blocked the effects of oxotremorine...Overall, these results suggest that mAChR signalling plays a role in enabling rhythm generation at multiple sites in the larval CNS. This work furthers our understanding of motor control in soft-bodied locomotion and provides a foundation for study of rhythm generating networks in an emerging genetically tractable locomotor system.
  • ||||||||||  Journal:  Pharmacological Management of Heroin Withdrawal Syndrome: A Century of Expert Opinions in Cecil Textbook of Medicine. (Pubmed Central) -  Apr 12, 2022   
    The pharmacological management of heroin withdrawal syndrome in the past century has progressed from the introduction of methadone to the utilization of clonidine and buprenorphine. More recent advances in treating opioid use disorder have changed the goals of opioid withdrawal management to achievement of abstinence from all opioids to facilitation of long-term treatment with medications for opioid use disorder.
  • ||||||||||  hyoscine butylbromide oral / Generic mfg.
    Preclinical, Journal:  Long-Term Effect of Porcine Brain Enzyme Hydrolysate Intake on Scopolamine-Induced Memory Impairment in Rats. (Pubmed Central) -  Apr 9, 2022   
    In conclusion, alleviated memory deficit by PBEH was associated potentially with not only reducing acetylcholinesterase activity but also improving brain insulin resistance and neuroinflammation potentially through modulating gut microbiota. PBEH intake (1.5-4.5 mL of 7 mg total nitrogen/mL for human equivalent) can be a potential therapeutic agent for improving memory impairment.
  • ||||||||||  hyoscine butylbromide oral / Generic mfg.
    Preclinical, Journal:  Amygdalus spinosissima root extract enhanced scopolamine-induced learning and memory impairment in mice. (Pubmed Central) -  Apr 8, 2022   
    The extract modulated the AChE, BChE, and inflammatory genes and enhanced the expression of the antioxidant enzymes in the brain. Consequently, A. spinosissima root extract could be considered as a promising source of potent bioactive compounds in the retarding the development of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease.