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17 Trials |  |
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- Ocrevus (ocrelizumab) / Roche, Biogen, Lemtrada (alemtuzumab) / Sanofi
Safety and Efficacy of Ocrelizumab in Patients who Transitioned Directly from Alemtuzumab Therapy () - Jan 21, 2020 - Abstract #AAN2020AAN_1851;
Patients who demonstrate evidence of disease activity on Alemtuzumab therapy can be safely transitioned to Ocrelizumab therapy with acceptable efficacy and safety profile.
- Lemtrada (alemtuzumab) / Sanofi
Baseline Patient and Caregiver Characteristics From a Prospective, Noninterventional, Real-World Study (REALITY) on the Effect of Alemtuzumab on Fatigue and Other Patient- and Caregiver-Reported Quality-of-Life Outcomes in Patients With RRMS () - Jan 21, 2020 - Abstract #AAN2020AAN_1361;
Before alemtuzumab initiation, caregivers’ perceptions of patient QoL trended better than patients’ own QoL evaluations and caregivers experienced lower QoL versus the general population on SF-36. The ongoing REALITY study will assess the effect of alemtuzumab treatment on these measures.
- Tecfidera (dimethyl fumarate) / Biogen, Lemtrada (alemtuzumab) / Sanofi
Dynamic Cohorts in Multiple Sclerosis: A Proactive Approach for Safety Monitoring and Comparative Effectiveness () - Jan 21, 2020 - Abstract #AAN2020AAN_1360;
It can also potentially be used to support products under development. As additional data will become available on an annual basis, new MS patients treated or not with DMDs will be added to the growing cumulative cohort.
- Ocrevus (ocrelizumab) / Roche, Biogen, Rituxan (rituximab) / Roche, Biogen, Zenyaku Kogyo, Lemtrada (alemtuzumab) / Sanofi
A Real-World Retrospective Analysis of Outcomes in Multiple Sclerosis Patients Who Transitioned to Alemtuzumab After Rituximab or Ocrelizumab () - Jan 21, 2020 - Abstract #AAN2020AAN_1357;
In this small real-world cohort of MS patients who transitioned from anti-CD20 therapies to alemtuzumab, the total numbers of reported pre-specified symptoms and comorbidities were lower after initiating alemtuzumab. Further characterization of outcomes will inform the benefit versus risk of transitioning to alemtuzumab after discontinuing anti-CD20 therapies.
- Lemtrada (alemtuzumab) / Sanofi
Multiple sclerosis and MyChart® messaging: a retrospective chart review evaluating its use at an academic medical center () - Jan 21, 2020 - Abstract #AAN2020AAN_1189;
Our study showed a majority of our patients use MyChart®, with certain factors influencing their usage. The burden-to-benefit ratio of these secure-messaging systems is still being defined.
- Lemtrada (alemtuzumab) / Sanofi
TREAT-MS Study of Real-World Effectiveness of Alemtuzumab in RRMS Patients in Germany: Subgroup Analysis by Timing of Treatment Initiation () - Jan 21, 2020 - Abstract #AAN2020AAN_1187;
Interim analyses of the TREAT-MS study show that while treatment was effective regardless of timing of treatment initiation, annualized relapse rate was higher in pre-2016 versus post-2016 patients. The profile of patients selected for alemtuzumab treatment in Germany may be shifting to those earlier in the disease course, coinciding with improving treatment outcomes.
- Lemtrada (alemtuzumab) / Sanofi
Impact of Alemtuzumab on Work Capacity in Patients With RRMS: Pooled Analysis of CARE-MS Core Studies () - Jan 21, 2020 - Abstract #AAN2020AAN_1184;
P3
Conclusions Significantly fewer alemtuzumab-treated patients took sick leave due to MS than SC IFNB-1a–treated patients over 2y, and their rate of sick leave remained stable over 6y. Improved work capacity outcomes with alemtuzumab highlight its potential for increasing work participation in RRMS patients.
- cyclophosphamide intravenous / Generic mfg., Lemtrada (alemtuzumab) / Sanofi
The use of Autologous Haemopoetic Stem Cell Transplantation (AHSCT) in Multiple Sclerosis after Alemtuzumab treatment failure: a case series () - Jan 21, 2020 - Abstract #AAN2020AAN_1180;
Our data suggests that AHSCT use is effective and safe in patients who failed to respond to Alemtuzumab. A larger cohort from clinical experience of AHSCT randomized control trials (STAR-MS) will help confirm findings.
- Lemtrada (alemtuzumab) / Sanofi
Postpartum Relapse After First On-Study Pregnancy in RRMS Patients Treated With Alemtuzumab in the Phase 2 and 3 Clinical Development Program Over 8 Years () - Jan 21, 2020 - Abstract #AAN2020AAN_1021;
P2, P3, P4
In alemtuzumab-treated patients, the increase in postpartum relapse rates in the first year after pregnancy was minimal and lower than postpartum exacerbations of relapse reported in the literature. Relapse rates returned to pre-pregnancy levels by the second year postpartum.
- Lemtrada (alemtuzumab) / Sanofi
Alemtuzumab Maintains Efficacy on Clinical and MRI Disease Activity Outcomes, Including Slowing of Brain Volume Loss, Over 9 Years in RRMS Patients: CARE-MS II Follow-up (TOPAZ Study) () - Jan 21, 2020 - Abstract #AAN2020AAN_483;
- Lemtrada (alemtuzumab) / Sanofi
Clinical Manifestation of Alemtuzumab-induced Autoimmune Thyroid Disease in People with Highly Active Multiple Sclerosis Is Dependent on Age and Presence of Early Brainstem Involvement () - Jan 21, 2020 - Abstract #AAN2020AAN_252;
Where abnormal TFTs are detected among ALZ-treated pwMS, age≤32 years at FAI (p=0.03) and brainstem syndrome as first MS presentation appear to be associated with developing symptomatic GD, possibly due to early increased cross-reactivity between autoantigens expressed in the brainstem and thyroid. These findings, taken together with the elevated risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes in maternal AITD, suggest cautious use of ALZ in younger people with early brainstem involvement where alternative therapies are readily available.
- Tysabri (natalizumab) / Biogen, Tecfidera (dimethyl fumarate) / Biogen, Rituxan (rituximab) / Roche, Biogen, Zenyaku Kogyo
Impact of Switching from Natalizumab to a Moderate versus High Efficacy DMT in Clinical Practice at 24-Month Follow-Up () - Jan 21, 2020 - Abstract #AAN2020AAN_250;
In our cohort, 48.6% switched to Mod DMT (dimethyl fumarate, n=130; fingolimod, n=140) vs. 23.4% who switched to HET (ocrelizumab, n=106; rituximab, n=17; alemtuzumab, n=7)... At 24 months, NTZ switchers to Mod DMT had lower cumulative probability of no disease activity by 24 months and were at higher risk of disability accumulation.
- Rituxan (rituximab) / Roche, Biogen, Zenyaku Kogyo, Lemtrada (alemtuzumab) / Sanofi
Lower Long-Term Disability with Early Start of High-Efficacy Therapies in Multiple Sclerosis () - Jan 21, 2020 - Abstract #AAN2020AAN_248;
Those treated earlier had a more active disease course initially, which was then mitigated by their early aggressive management strategy. In patients with highly active MS, early exposure to high efficacy therapies is recommended.
- || Campath (alemtuzumab) / Sanofi, Lemtrada (alemtuzumab) / Sanofi
Biomarker, Clinical, Journal: Pretreatment anti-thyroid autoantibodies indicate increased risk for thyroid autoimmunity secondary to alemtuzumab: A prospective cohort study. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 16, 2020
Standard ThyAb-testing for anti-TPO and anti-TG antibodies at baseline was able to indicate increased risk for clinically manifest thyroid sAID and should therefore be used in clinical decisions concerning alemtuzumab treatment initiation. FUND: German Ministry of Education, Science, Research and Technology and the German Research foundation.
- ||| Lemtrada (alemtuzumab) / Sanofi
Journal, Adverse events: Adverse events with fatal outcome associated with alemtuzumab treatment in multiple sclerosis. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 15, 2020
Fatal adverse events related to treatment with alemtuzumab occur more frequently than previously published in the literature. A significant proportion occurs in the first month after treatment.
- Best Available Therapy Versus Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Multiple Sclerosis (World Center Marriott - Palms & Cypress Foyers) - Jan 14, 2020 - Abstract #TCTASTCTCIBMTR2020TCT_1261;
Participants randomized to the BAT arm will be treated with either natalizumab, alemtuzumab, ocrelizumab, or rituximab... BEAT-MS will be a large scale prospective multi-center randomized clinical trial comparing AHSCT to contemporary high efficacy DMTs, with the goal of determining whether AHSCT is an appropriate treatment option for patients with highly active RMS for whom BAT would be prescribed in current clinical neurology practice.
- || Clinical, Journal, Real-World Evidence: Do clinical trials for new disease modifying treatments include real world patients with multiple sclerosis? (Pubmed Central) - Jan 13, 2020
We did not observe significant differences in most clinical and demographic aspects of included patients in RCT and RWS. Studies that include the full spectrum of MS patients followed in clinical practice are needed.
- || Lemtrada (alemtuzumab) / Sanofi
Clinical, Journal: Emerging safety issues in alemtuzumab-treated MS patients. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 12, 2020
Studies that include the full spectrum of MS patients followed in clinical practice are needed. No abstract available
- ||| Lemtrada (alemtuzumab) / Sanofi
Trial completion, Enrollment change: LEMTRADA-ITP: Collection of Blood Samples From Patients With Relapsing MS Who Developed ITP After Receiving Lemtrada (clinicaltrials.gov) - Jan 6, 2020
P4, N=13, Completed, Sponsor: Genzyme, a Sanofi Company
No abstract available Recruiting --> Completed | N=35 --> 13
- | Lemtrada (alemtuzumab) / Sanofi
Biomarker, Journal: Highly Aggressive Multiple Sclerosis. (Pubmed Central) - Dec 29, 2019
Selecting patients who are most appropriate for aggressive therapy involves considering risk factors for poor outcomes, early recognition of treatment failure, balancing treatment efficacy and side effects, and sharing the decision with patients to assist them in making optimal treatment choices. Vigilance for signs of treatment failure and early switching to more aggressive therapy are important components in optimal care.
- | Tecfidera (dimethyl fumarate) / Biogen, Rituxan (rituximab) / Roche, Biogen, Lemtrada (alemtuzumab) / Sanofi
Journal: Pregnancy and Family Planning in Multiple Sclerosis. (Pubmed Central) - Dec 29, 2019
Clinicians should avoid prescribing medications with known teratogenic potential (teriflunomide, fingolimod), known risk of severe rebound relapses (fingolimod, natalizumab), or unclear but plausible risks (dimethyl fumarate, alemtuzumab) to women of childbearing age who desire pregnancy or are not on reliable birth control. If a treatment needs to be resumed during breast-feeding, clinicians should opt for glatiramer acetate, interferon beta, natalizumab, or rituximab/ocrelizumab, as biologically plausible risks to the infant are exceedingly low.
- || Tecfidera (dimethyl fumarate) / Biogen, Lemtrada (alemtuzumab) / Sanofi
Clinical, Journal: Childhood multiple sclerosis: clinical features and recent developments on treatment choices and outcomes. (Pubmed Central) - Dec 23, 2019
Treatment choices for pediatric MS include many disease-modifying therapies (DMT) that are currently being used for adult MS and these are interferon-β 1a/1b (IFN-β1a/1b), glatiramer acetate, teriflunomide, dimethyl fumarate, alemtuzumab, etc. However, most of these have not gone through complete testing in randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials for pediatric MS and are being prescribed off-label by clinicians. As these studies are progressing, it is important to address if these approaches of treating pediatric MS patients have any long-term impact on patients, in particular, physical, cognitive, developmental and social outcomes of the children.
- | Mavenclad (cladribine) / EMD Serono
Enrollment open: Best Available Therapy Versus Autologous Hematopoetic Stem Cell Transplant for Multiple Sclerosis (BEAT-MS) (clinicaltrials.gov) - Dec 22, 2019
P3, N=156, Recruiting, Sponsor: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
As these studies are progressing, it is important to address if these approaches of treating pediatric MS patients have any long-term impact on patients, in particular, physical, cognitive, developmental and social outcomes of the children. Not yet recruiting --> Recruiting
- | Lemtrada (alemtuzumab) / Sanofi
Journal: Alemtuzumab as Treatment for Multiple Sclerosis. (Pubmed Central) - Dec 21, 2019
Homeostatic proliferation of residual T cells after alemtuzumab-induced lymphopenia is probably responsible for its most common side effects: secondary autoimmunity 1 or 2 years after the last infusion of alemtuzumab affecting the thyroid gland (30% of patients), platelets (1%), or renal glomeruli (0.1%). With the prerequisite of patient and physician adherence to a prolonged safety-monitoring protocol, alemtuzumab offers durable high efficacy from infrequent dosing.
- | Lemtrada (alemtuzumab) / Sanofi
Journal: New Warning for the Multiple Sclerosis Drug Alemtuzumab. (Pubmed Central) - Dec 20, 2019
With the prerequisite of patient and physician adherence to a prolonged safety-monitoring protocol, alemtuzumab offers durable high efficacy from infrequent dosing. No abstract available
- || Campath (alemtuzumab) / Sanofi, Lemtrada (alemtuzumab) / Sanofi
Clinical, Journal: Efficacy and safety of alemtuzumab in a real-life cohort of patients with multiple sclerosis. (Pubmed Central) - Dec 20, 2019
We confirmed the clinical and MRI efficacy of alemtuzumab in the clinical setting and the frequency of infusion-related reactions. Compared with that in clinical trials, higher number of patients developed pneumonitis during infusion.
- || Lemtrada (alemtuzumab) / Sanofi
Clinical, Journal: Cerebral toxoplasmosis in patient with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis under treatment with alemtuzumab. (Pubmed Central) - Dec 16, 2019
Compared with that in clinical trials, higher number of patients developed pneumonitis during infusion. No abstract available
- ||| Lemtrada (alemtuzumab) / Sanofi
Clinical: Professor G (@GavinGiovannoni) on post-partum relapses after Lemtrada. About 22% of women who have received Lemtrada have a relapse in the year after pregnancy, a low number relative to the ARR of 1.76 prior to Lemtrada in the CARE-MS studies, but not 0. https://t.co/iNOyC1LEjb (Twitter) - Dec 9, 2019
- ||| CARE-MS 1 (alemtuzumab vs. IFN-beta-1a sc), OPERA-1 & OPERA-2 (ocrelizumab vs. IFN-beta-1a sc)and ASCLEPIOS I & ASCLEPIOS II (ofatumumab vs. teriflunomide); are these not good enough for you? #NoEuipoise (Twitter) - Dec 8, 2019
- || Lemtrada (alemtuzumab) / Sanofi
Clinical, Journal: A case of idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease in an alemtuzumab-treated patient with MS. (Pubmed Central) - Dec 8, 2019
No abstract available No abstract available
- | Journal: Modulating acute neuroinflammation in intracerebral hemorrhage: the potential promise of currently approved medications for multiple sclerosis. (Pubmed Central) - Dec 6, 2019
We analyzed the existing literature pertaining to the effects of these medications on various leukocytes and also with emphasis on mechanisms of action during the acute period following initiation of therapy. As a result, we provide a valuable summary of the current body of knowledge regarding these therapies and evidence that supports or refutes their likely promise for treating neuroinflammation following ICH.
- | Lemtrada (alemtuzumab) / Sanofi
Preclinical, Journal: Immune cell derived BDNF does not mediate neuroprotection of the murine anti-CD52 antibody in a chronic autoimmune mouse model. (Pubmed Central) - Dec 2, 2019
The murine anti-CD52 antibody, an equivalent of the humanized antibody alemtuzumab, which is successfully used in the treatment of multiple sclerosis, was used to explore a potential neuroprotective effect driven by immune cell derived brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)...Neither therapeutic nor preventive application of the murine anti-CD52 antibody in an animal model of multiple sclerosis, the MOG EAE, revealed a beneficial contribution of immune cell derived BDNF to the disease outcome. Furthermore, preventive application of the murine anti-CD52 antibody worsened the clinical EAE disease course and could only be overcome by a prolonged recovery phase after treatment and before disease induction.
- Tecfidera (dimethyl fumarate) / Biogen, Zinbryta (daclizumab) / Biogen, AbbVie, Lemtrada (alemtuzumab) / Sanofi
Data-mining for Predicting Therapeutic Response in MS (Grand Ballroom, Convention Center) - Dec 1, 2019 - Abstract #ACTRIMSForum2020ACTRIMS_FORUM_25;
The age at treatment initiation, together with dichotomizationof MS drugs into high- (ocrelizumab, mitoxantrone, alemtuzumab, daclizumab andnatalizumab) and low-efficacy (fingolimod, dimethyl fumarate, interferon-betapreparations, teriflunamide and glatiramer acetate) based on the age-adjustedlinear regression model residuals explained 68% of variance of inhibition ofdisability progression (R2 = 0.6757, p = 6.39 e-09)...Patients older than54 years may still benefit from current drugs if they experience MS relapses orhave contrast-enhancing lesions on brain/spinal cord MRI. However, therisk/benefit ratio of treating elderly MS patients without evidence of lesionalactivity with current MS drugs may be decidedly unfavorable.
- | Lemtrada (alemtuzumab) / Sanofi
Journal: Simultaneous CMV and Listeria infection following alemtuzumab treatment for multiple sclerosis. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 27, 2019
However, therisk/benefit ratio of treating elderly MS patients without evidence of lesionalactivity with current MS drugs may be decidedly unfavorable. No abstract available
- || Lemtrada (alemtuzumab) / Sanofi
Clinical, Journal: Early neutropenia with thrombocytopenia following alemtuzumab treatment for multiple sclerosis: case report and review of literature. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 23, 2019
We reported the first case of neutropenia and thrombocytopenia as a possible event occurring after alemtuzumab infusion in MS patients, even if in a mild grade. So, we recommend to not underestimate these two conditions.
- || Xeljanz (tofacitinib) / Pfizer, Lemtrada (alemtuzumab) / Sanofi
Update uit Europa: o.a. 5 nieuwe #medicijnen voor goedkeuring naar de @EU_Commission gestuurd. Verder afronding van herbeoordelingen van het MS-medicijn #Lemtrada, en #Xeljanz. https://t.co/xIA6pmUfct #CHMP @EMA_News (Twitter) - Nov 18, 2019
- | Rituxan (rituximab) / Roche, Biogen, Lemtrada (alemtuzumab) / Sanofi
Journal: Incidence and Predictive Risk Factors of Infective Events in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis Treated With Agents Targeting CD20 and CD52 Surface Antigens. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 18, 2019
Given their considerable infection risk, MS patients receiving MAbs should undergo timely follow up and tailored preventive interventions. Anti-CD52-based treatment, prior exposure to MS drugs, and on-treatment immune impairment are significant predictive factors of infection and their evaluation could help clinicians to stratify a patient's risk of infection.
- | Journal: Cladribine (Mavenclad) for multiple sclerosis. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 13, 2019
Anti-CD52-based treatment, prior exposure to MS drugs, and on-treatment immune impairment are significant predictive factors of infection and their evaluation could help clinicians to stratify a patient's risk of infection. No abstract available
- || Lemtrada (alemtuzumab) / Sanofi
Clinical, Journal: A case of idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease in an alemtuzumab-treated patient with MS. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 11, 2019
No abstract available No abstract available
- ||| Lemtrada (alemtuzumab) / Sanofi
If approved for #MDS, will it have/need to have the same cost? Wondering how much that drives the price & if cost can vary across indications (I recall how when alemtuzumab was approved for MS, the manufacturer made it free for lymphoid malignancies to avoid 2 different prices) (Twitter) - Nov 9, 2019
- prednisolone / Generic mfg., Lemtrada (alemtuzumab) / Sanofi
Antibody-Associated Autoimmune Disease (AAD) in Children with Cancer in Immune Recovery Phase Following Cessation of Chemotherapy (Hall B, Level 2 (Orange County Convention Center)) - Nov 7, 2019 - Abstract #ASH2019ASH_1856;
Prednisolone was administered in 3 patients (AIHA and ITP) to treat AAD...It was reported that IRS was also observed in HIV-negative patients who were administered alemtuzumab, and in those who received stem cell transplantation...We also speculate that AAD mimic autoimmune cytopenia such as ITP, AIHA, and autoimmune neutropenia in infancy because the diseases are caused by autoantibodies, occurring in immune-naive age, and they naturally recover in most cases although some patients need immunosuppressive treatment. Further studies are needed to clarify the pathogenesis of AAD in children.
- ||||| Lemtrada (alemtuzumab) / Sanofi
Predicting alemtuzumab responders and non-responders. What about variation in CD52 expression? #ResearchSpeak Impact of FcγR variants on the response to alemtuzumab in multiple sclerosis. https://t.co/0OkfZ7t6ii (Twitter) - Nov 6, 2019
- || Lemtrada (alemtuzumab) / Sanofi
Update uit Europa: inperking gebruik alemtuzumab (#Lemtrada) wegens ernstige complicaties. Gebruik het medicijn niet bij patiënten die andere auto-immuunziekten hebben dan MS en niet bij patiënten met hart- en vaatziekten. https://t.co/dOs1QCcMaC #PRAC @EMA_News (Twitter) - Nov 6, 2019
- || Lemtrada (alemtuzumab) / Sanofi
PRAC updates restrictions on alemtuzumab for #MultipleSclerosis https://t.co/pO32LqpS5q (Twitter) - Oct 31, 2019
- | Campath (alemtuzumab) / Sanofi, Lemtrada (alemtuzumab) / Sanofi
Journal: Longitudinal characterization of autoantibodies to the thyrotropin receptor (TRAb) during alemtuzumab therapy; evidence that TRAb may precede thyroid dysfunction by many years. (Pubmed Central) - Oct 31, 2019
Our findings suggest that a period of affinity maturation of TRAb may precede clinical disease onset in some cases. Combined testing of TPOAb and ihTRAb may increase our ability to predict those who will develop thyroid dysfunction post ALTZ.
- | Lemtrada (alemtuzumab) / Sanofi
Clinical, Journal: Two cases of diabetes mellitus type 1 after alemtuzumab treatment for multiple sclerosis: another probable secondary autoimmune disease. (Pubmed Central) - Oct 28, 2019
Combined testing of TPOAb and ihTRAb may increase our ability to predict those who will develop thyroid dysfunction post ALTZ. No abstract available
- | Lemtrada (alemtuzumab) / Sanofi
Clinical, Journal: Efficacy and Safety of Alemtuzumab in Patients of African Descent with Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis: 8-Year Follow-up of CARE-MS I and II (TOPAZ Study). (Pubmed Central) - Oct 28, 2019
P3, P4
Safety was consistent with the overall CARE-MS population, although the small sample size may have prevented the detection of known low-frequency adverse events. CLINICALTRIALS.
- | Mavenclad (cladribine) / EMD Serono, Zinbryta (daclizumab) / Biogen, AbbVie, Lemtrada (alemtuzumab) / Sanofi
Retrospective data, Journal: Systematic literature review and network meta-analysis of cladribine tablets versus alternative disease-modifying treatments for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. (Pubmed Central) - Oct 24, 2019
CLINICALTRIALS. In this first NMA to consider cladribine tablets, ocrelizumab, and daclizumab for treatment of RRMS, cladribine tablets are a comparatively effective and safe alternative to other DMTs in both active RRMS and HRA+DAT populations.
- || Lemtrada (alemtuzumab) / Sanofi
@GavinGiovannoni I have many more open MS Qs, but I'm shading into advanced zone atm. My neuro/hoz is worldclass. I told him in 2012/3 that I had limited time to benefit from Alemtuzumab and wasnt early the time to b aggressive. He gave in weirdly but why did it take 3-4 years? (Twitter) - Oct 21, 2019
- | Lemtrada (alemtuzumab) / Sanofi
Journal: Sarcoidosis following alemtuzumab treatment for multiple sclerosis. (Pubmed Central) - Oct 18, 2019
In a retrospective case series of 187 patients from two UK specialist centres (Cardiff and Cambridge) followed up for a median of 10 years, we report three (1.6%) cases of sarcoidosis following alemtuzumab treatment of MS. This report increases the spectrum of auto-inflammatory disease following alemtuzumab and should be considered by clinicians when using this therapeutic agent for MS.