allopurinol / Generic mfg. 
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  • ||||||||||  allopurinol / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Establishment of a 3D hyperuricemia model based on cultured human liver organoids. (Pubmed Central) -  Jan 6, 2022   
    Furthermore, the preclinical application potential of this organoid model was verified by measuring the antihyperuricemic effect of the widely used allopurinol, as well as the reported bioactive substance puerarin. The results demonstrate that this novel organoid model could be used for high-throughput screening of both chemical and food-derived compounds with antihyperuricemic bioactivity.
  • ||||||||||  carbamazepine / Generic mfg., irinotecan / Generic mfg.
    Biomarker, Clinical, Review, Journal:  Pharmacogenomics research and its clinical implementation in Thailand: Lessons learned from the resource-limited settings. (Pubmed Central) -  Jan 4, 2022   
    This review will provide an overview of the current pharmacogenomics practices and research in Thailand, address the challenges and lessons learned from delivering clinical pharmacogenomic services in Thailand, emphasize the pharmacogenomics implementation issues that must be overcome, and identify current pharmacogenomic initiatives and plans to facilitate clinical implementation of pharmacogenomics in Thailand. Ever since the pharmacogenomics research began in 2004 in Thailand, a multitude of pharmacogenomics variants associated with drug responses have been identified in the Thai population, such as HLA-B∗15:02 for carbamazepine and oxcarbazepine, HLA-B∗58:01 for allopurinol, HLA-B∗13:01 for dapsone and cotrimoxazole, CYP2B6 variants for efavirenz, CYP2C9∗3 for phenytoin and warfarin, CYP3A5∗3 for tacrolimus, and UGT1A1∗6 and UGT1A1∗28 for irinotecan, etc. The future of pharmacogenomics guided therapy in clinical settings across Thailand appears promising because of the availability of evidence of clinical validity of the pharmacogenomics testing and support for reimbursement of pharmacogenomics testing.
  • ||||||||||  PD98059 / Wayne State University
    Journal:  Carbon monoxide activation of delayed rectifier potassium currents of human cardiac fibroblasts through diverse pathways. (Pubmed Central) -  Jan 1, 2022   
    Pretreatment with 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(1-methylpyridinium-4-yl)-21H,23H porphyrin manganese (III) pentachloride and manganese (III) tetrakis (4-benzoic acid) porphyrin chloride (superoxide dismutase mimetics), diphenyleneiodonium chloride (an NADPH oxidase blocker), or allopurinol (a xanthine oxidase blocker) also inhibited CO-induced I activation. These results suggest that CO enhances I in HCFs through the nitric oxide, phosphorylation by protein kinase G, protein kinase A, and MAPK, S-nitrosylation and reduction/oxidation (redox) signaling pathways.
  • ||||||||||  carbamazepine / Generic mfg.
    Review, Journal:  Lamotrigine and Stevens-Johnson Syndrome Prevention. (Pubmed Central) -  Dec 29, 2021   
    The number one cause is medication-related-common ones including sulfonamides, antiepileptics, allopurinol, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs...HLAB*15:02 has been identified in the Chinese and others of Southeast Asian origin to increase susceptibility to lamotrigine and carbamazepine-induced SJS...Therefore, to prevent SJS recurrence, prime lamotrigine re-challenge patients are those with mild initial rash that has not occurred within the previous 4 weeks. The Federal Food and Drug Administration recommends the testing HLA subtypes for those associated with SJS prior to starting lamotrigine.
  • ||||||||||  allopurinol / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Xanthine-derived metabolites enhance chlorophyll degradation in cotyledons and seedling growth during nitrogen deficient condition in Brassica rapa. (Pubmed Central) -  Dec 22, 2021   
    Seedlings grown with added allopurinol, an inhibitor of xanthine dehydrogenase, in the growth medium showed reduced chlorophyll degradation in cotyledons and lower fresh weight, compared with seedlings grown on normal medium...The expression levels of senescence- and purine metabolism-related genes in cotyledons were higher than those in seedlings grown without xanthine. These results indicate the possibility that xanthine plays a role as an activator in both purine catabolism and chlorophyll degradation in cotyledons under N deficient condition.
  • ||||||||||  Uriadec (topiroxostat) / Fuji Yakuhin, Medca Japan
    Journal:  N-(3-cyano-1H-indol-5-yl)isonicotinamide and N-(3-cyano-1H-indol-5-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-5-carboxamide derivatives: Novel amide-based xanthine oxidase inhibitors. (Pubmed Central) -  Dec 21, 2021   
    Our previous work demonstrated that amide is an efficient linker to explore chemical space of xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitors that are entirely different from febuxostat and topiroxostat...The structure-activity relationship investigation identified N-(3-cyano-1-cyclopentyl-1H-indol-5-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-5-carboxamide (3i, IC = 0.62 μM) as the most promising compound, with 14.4-fold higher in vitro inhibitory potency than allopurinol (IC = 8.91 μM)...Furthermore, in vivo activity evaluation demonstrated that compound 3i (oral dose of 12.8 mg/kg) has obviously hypouricemic effect on a potassium oxonate induced hyperuricemic rat model. Cytotoxicity assay and ADME prediction also supported that 3i is an excellent lead for further exploration of amide-based XO inhibitors.
  • ||||||||||  febuxostat / Generic mfg., allopurinol / Generic mfg.
    Clinical, Journal, HEOR:  Combining model-based clinical trial simulation, pharmacoeconomics and value of information to optimize trial design. (Pubmed Central) -  Dec 18, 2021   
    Optimal trial sample sizes varied depending on the uncertainty of model inputs, trial inclusion criteria and treatment doses. This interdisciplinary framework for trial design and sample size calculation may have value in supporting decisions during later phases of drug development and in identifying costly sources of uncertainty, and thus inform future research and development strategies.
  • ||||||||||  febuxostat / Generic mfg., allopurinol / Generic mfg.
    Trial primary completion date:  The Impact of Urate-lowering Therapy on Kidney Function (IMPULsKF) (clinicaltrials.gov) -  Dec 17, 2021   
    P4,  N=2, Enrolling by invitation, 
    This interdisciplinary framework for trial design and sample size calculation may have value in supporting decisions during later phases of drug development and in identifying costly sources of uncertainty, and thus inform future research and development strategies. Trial primary completion date: Nov 2021 --> Mar 2022
  • ||||||||||  allopurinol / Generic mfg.
    Clinical, Review, Journal:  Hyperuricemia in Kidney Disease: A Major Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Events, Vascular Calcification, and Renal Damage. (Pubmed Central) -  Dec 16, 2021   
    One of the more striking findings on reviewing the literature is that the primary benefit of lowering serum urate in subjects with CKD is not by slowing the progression of renal disease, but rather by reducing the incidence of cardiovascular events and mortality. We recommend large-scale clinical trials to determine if there is a benefit in lowering serum urate in hyperuricemic subjects in acute and chronic kidney disease and in the reduction of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in subjects with end-stage chronic kidney disease.
  • ||||||||||  Krystexxa (pegloticase) / Horizon Therapeutics
    Review, Journal:  The Management of Gout in Renal Disease. (Pubmed Central) -  Dec 16, 2021   
    We review the available data linking CKD, gout, and hyperuricemia, providing practice guidelines on managing gout in CKD patients and kidney transplant recipients. We advocate for much greater involvement of nephrologists in the management of gout in renal patients.
  • ||||||||||  allopurinol / Generic mfg.
    Clinical, Journal:  Cardiovascular risk associated with allopurinol vs. benzbromarone in patients with gout. (Pubmed Central) -  Dec 16, 2021   
    In this large population-based cohort of gout patients, allopurinol was associated with an increased risk of composite CV events and all-cause mortality compared to benzbromarone. Benzbromarone may reduce CV risk and mortality in patients with gout, although more studies are necessary to confirm our findings and to advance our understanding of the underlying mechanisms.
  • ||||||||||  allopurinol / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Umami-induced obesity and metabolic syndrome is mediated by nucleotide degradation and uric acid generation. (Pubmed Central) -  Dec 16, 2021   
    Thus, umami foods induce obesity and metabolic syndrome by engaging the same purine nucleotide degradation pathway that is also activated by fructose and salt consumption. We suggest that the three tastes-sweet, salt and umami-developed to encourage food intake to facilitate energy storage and survival but drive obesity and diabetes in the setting of excess intake through similar mechanisms.
  • ||||||||||  Actemra IV (tocilizumab) / Roche, JW Pharma
    Review, Journal:  The role and transformative potential of IL-19 in atherosclerosis. (Pubmed Central) -  Dec 16, 2021   
    Several other drugs have also been investigated in clinical trials as anti-inflammatory agents; the development of some of these agents has been terminated (canakinumab, darapladib, varespladib, losmapimod, atreleuton, setileuton, PF-04191834, veliflapon, and methotrexate), but others remain in development (ziltivekimab, tocilizumab, Somalix, IFM-2427, anakinra, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), colchicine, everolimus, allopurinol, and montelukast)...We propose that IL-19 is a promising biomarker and target for the diagnosis and treatment of atherosclerosis. This review considers the role and mechanism of action of IL-19 in atherosclerosis and discusses whether IL-19 is a potential therapeutic target for this condition.
  • ||||||||||  allopurinol / Generic mfg.
    Review, Journal:  Dietary supplements for chronic gout. (Pubmed Central) -  Dec 16, 2021   
    Randomized clinical trials are warranted and should further investigate allopurinol and more selective purine derivatives in the management of acute or chronic pain conditions. While dietary supplements may be widely used for gout, this review found no high-quality that supported or refuted the use of glycomacropeptide-enriched skim milk powder or vitamin C for adults with chronic gout.
  • ||||||||||  Nexavar (sorafenib) / Bayer, Amgen
    Clinical, Review, Journal:  Tumor Lysis Syndrome in Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Systematic Review of Published Case Reports. (Pubmed Central) -  Dec 5, 2021   
    Considering the kaleidoscope of novel therapies and diverse pathogenesis of HCC, it is crucial for clinicians to recognize the clinicolaboratory derangements suggestive of TLS and initiate appropriate management. The present review highlights the need for clinicians to consider TLS within differentials when caring for patients with HCC.
  • ||||||||||  celecoxib oral / Generic mfg.
    Biomarker, Journal:  Impact and applicability of pharmacogenomics in rheumatology: an integrated analysis. (Pubmed Central) -  Dec 2, 2021   
    Pharmacogenomic genotyping could inform prescribing for the majority of rheumatology patients and may prevent a subset of ADRs/IRs. These findings justify prospective evaluation of pharmacogenomic testing including assessment of cost-effectiveness in selected rheumatology populations to further understand impact on therapy-related toxicities and treatment outcomes.
  • ||||||||||  allopurinol / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  A Novel Use of Allopurinol as A Quorum-Sensing Inhibitor in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. (Pubmed Central) -  Nov 29, 2021   
    On the molecular level, qRT-PCR proved that allopurinol showed a significant downregulating effect on all tested QS-encoding genes that regulate virulence factor production. In summary, allopurinol is a promising QS inhibitor that may be useful in the future treatment of P. aeruginosa infection.
  • ||||||||||  allopurinol / Generic mfg.
    Journal, IO biomarker:  Chlorogenic acid supplementation ameliorates hyperuricemia, relieves renal inflammation, and modulates intestinal homeostasis. (Pubmed Central) -  Nov 25, 2021   
    CGA or allopurinol was given to mice with HUA induced by hypoxanthine and potassium oxonate...Also, CGA increased the relative abundance of SCFA-producing bacteria, including Bacteroides, Prevotellaceae UGC-001, and Butyricimonas, and it reversed the purine metabolism and glutamate metabolism functions of gut microbiota. In conclusion, CGA may be a potential candidate for relieving the symptoms of HUA and regulating its associated inflammatory responses and intestinal homeostasis.
  • ||||||||||  enoxaparin sodium / Generic mfg.
    Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS) Syndrome Associated with Enoxaparin Therapy in a Pediatric Patient () -  Nov 24, 2021 - Abstract #ASH2021ASH_6337;    
    Though children with DRESS syndrome have a better prognosis than adults, prompt recognition and treatment is required to limit morbidity and mortality. In pediatric patients receiving treatment with enoxaparin, DRESS syndrome should be included on the differential for those who develop persistent fevers, lymphadenopathy, rash, transaminitis and/or eosinophilia, and discontinuation of enoxaparin should be considered.