rivastigmine / Generic mfg. 
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  • ||||||||||  rivastigmine / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Polysorbate-coated mesoporous silica nanoparticles as an efficient carrier for improved rivastigmine brain delivery. (Pubmed Central) -  Apr 26, 2022   
    Our in vivo studies in an animal model of rats showed that the RV-loaded nanosystem was able to enhance the brain-to-plasma concentration ratio, brain uptake clearance, and plasma elimination half-life of the drug compared to the free one drug following intravenous (IV) administration. The results revealed that functionalization of MSNs by PS is crucial to deliver RV into the brain, suggesting PS-functionalized MSNs could be an effective carrier to deliver RV to the brain while overcoming BBB.
  • ||||||||||  rivastigmine / Generic mfg.
    Preclinical, Journal:  HMTM-Mediated Enhancement of Brain Bioenergetics in a Mouse Tauopathy Model Is Blocked by Chronic Administration of Rivastigmine. (Pubmed Central) -  Apr 24, 2022   
    In this study, the changes in l-lactate appear to be regulated by LDH-A, since neither of the experimental conditions affected the levels of LDH-B. The data show that HMTM monotherapy facilitates the use of substrates for energy production, particularly l-lactate, which is provided by astrocytes, additionally demonstrating that a chronic pre-treatment with rivastigmine prevented most of the HMTM-associated effects.
  • ||||||||||  rivastigmine / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Polymeric Microneedles for Transdermal Delivery of Rivastigmine: Design and Application in Skin Mimetic Model. (Pubmed Central) -  Apr 24, 2022   
    In vivo, skin irritation tests in rabbits revealed that the developed MNs were innocuous upon removal, in contrast with the evidence found for Exelon, the commercial patch, which caused slight mechanical damage to the skin. The herein-produced MNs demonstrated a more controlled release of the drug, being the more suitable option for the transdermal delivery of RV.
  • ||||||||||  citalopram / Generic mfg., rivastigmine / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Complementary roles of serotonergic and cholinergic systems in decisions about when to act. (Pubmed Central) -  Apr 12, 2022   
    Manipulating systemic acetylcholine (ACh) by rivastigmine reduced the time macaques waited to respond given the immediate and recent past context, a pattern opposite to the effect observed with 5-HT. These findings suggest complementary roles for serotonin/DRN and acetylcholine/BF in decisions about when to initiate an action.
  • ||||||||||  rivastigmine / Generic mfg.
    Preclinical, Journal:  Neuroprotective effect of Bryophyllum pinnatum flavonoids against aluminium chloride-induced neurotoxicity in rats. (Pubmed Central) -  Apr 6, 2022   
    Rats were grouped into five (n = 6); Control (untreated), Rivastigmine group, AlCl group and BPFRF group (50 and 100 mg/kg b.wt.) for 21 days...BPFRF administration also contributed to the down-regulation of AChE mRNA transcripts and improved histological features in the hippocampus and cortex. Molecular docking studies revealed strong molecular interactions between BPFRF compounds, catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase Overall, these findings suggest the neuroprotective effect of Bryophyllum pinnatum against aluminium-induced neurotoxicity.
  • ||||||||||  galantamine hydrobromide / Generic mfg., memantine / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Nutraceuticals and their Derived Nano-formulations for the Prevention and Treatment of Alzheimer's disease. (Pubmed Central) -  Apr 1, 2022   
    Thus, in this review, we have discussed the etiology of AD, focused on the pharmacotherapeutics of nutraceuticals with preclinical and clinical evidence, discussed pharmaceutical limitation and regulatory aspects of nutraceuticals to ensure safety and efficacy. We further explored the latitude of various nanoformulation of nutraceuticals as a novel approach to overcome the existing pharmaceutical limitation and for effective delivery into the brain.
  • ||||||||||  rivastigmine / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Cognition and serotonin in Parkinson's disease. (Pubmed Central) -  Apr 1, 2022   
    Whereas the role of the serotonergic system in PD cognition is less understood, through its interactions with other neurotransmitters systems, namely, the cholinergic system, it may be implicated in cognitive processes. In this chapter, we provide an overview of the pharmacological, clinical and pathological evidence that implicates the serotonergic system in mediating cognition in PD.
  • ||||||||||  methylphenidate tablet / Generic mfg., galantamine hydrobromide / Generic mfg., memantine / Generic mfg.
    Review, Journal:  Pharmacological Management of Apathy in Dementia. (Pubmed Central) -  Mar 23, 2022   
    Regarding FTD- and DLB-related apathy, initial studies with agomelatine and rivastigmine showed benefits, respectively...With regards to mixed populations, memantine, galantamine and gingko biloba showed effects on apathy in the AD plus VaD populations and nimodipine in the VaD plus mixed dementia populations...There should also be a consensus on using scales with high test/retest and interrater reliabilities to limit the inconsistencies between clinical trials. In conclusion, there are currently no US FDA-approved drugs that target apathy in dementia, so there is an ongoing need for the development of such drugs.
  • ||||||||||  Bambec (bambuterol) / Teva
    Journal:  Identification of Compounds for Butyrylcholinesterase Inhibition. (Pubmed Central) -  Mar 11, 2022   
    The binding modes of these compounds were further studied using molecular docking analyses to identify the differences between the interactions of these BChE inhibitors within the active sites of AChE and BChE. Our qHTS approach allowed us to establish a robust and reliable process to screen large compound collections for potential BChE inhibitors.
  • ||||||||||  galantamine hydrobromide / Generic mfg., memantine / Generic mfg., rivastigmine / Generic mfg.
    Rational Prescribing of Antidementia Agents to Medicare Beneficiaries (Virtual) -  Mar 8, 2022 - Abstract #ISPOR2022ISPOR_1681;    
    Conclusions : The findings suggest that prescribers are limiting the use of antidementia drugs to donepezil and memantine. Future studies may examine if prescribing these drugs is associated with fewer adverse drug events and favorable health outcomes than other antidementia agents.
  • ||||||||||  rivastigmine / Generic mfg.
    Trial completion date, Trial primary completion date:  Toward a Computationally-Informed, Personalized Treatment for Hallucinations (clinicaltrials.gov) -  Mar 4, 2022   
    P1,  N=35, Recruiting, 
    The pIC values of AChE inhibitors such as neostigmine, rivastigmine and galantamine are determined to be 0.45 μM, 0.64 μM and 4.93 μM, respectively. Trial completion date: Mar 2022 --> Mar 2024 | Trial primary completion date: Mar 2022 --> Mar 2024
  • ||||||||||  donepezil / Generic mfg., galantamine hydrobromide / Generic mfg.
    Clinical, Review, Journal:  The Efficacy and Safety of Alzheimer's Disease Therapies: An Updated Umbrella Review. (Pubmed Central) -  Mar 3, 2022   
    Trial completion date: Mar 2022 --> Mar 2024 | Trial primary completion date: Mar 2022 --> Mar 2024 Our study demonstrated that AChE inhibitors, Ginkgo biloba, and cerebrolysin are the optimum cognitive and activities of daily living medication for patients with AD.
  • ||||||||||  LMTX (hydromethylthionine) / TauRx
    Journal:  Hydromethylthionine enhancement of central cholinergic signalling is blocked by rivastigmine and memantine. (Pubmed Central) -  Feb 12, 2022   
    Our findings establish that the drug interaction that was first observed clinically has a neuropharmacological basis and is not restricted to animals with tau aggregation pathology. Given the importance of the cholinergic system for memory function, the potential for commonly used AD drugs to interfere with the treatment effects of disease-modifying drugs needs to be taken into account in the design of clinical trials.
  • ||||||||||  galantamine hydrobromide / Generic mfg., memantine / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Dementia care in diverse older adults in the Deep South and the rest of the United States. (Pubmed Central) -  Feb 4, 2022   
    ADRD specialist and drug utilization is relatively low in both DS and non-DS, with no significant R/E differences. Research should continue to examine factors that may drive medical care decisions of older adults with ADRD in US regions with different socio-economic and medical resource contexts.
  • ||||||||||  galantamine hydrobromide / Generic mfg., memantine / Generic mfg.
    Review, Journal:  Systematic review of pharmacological interventions for people with Lewy body dementia. (Pubmed Central) -  Feb 4, 2022   
    We list evidence-based recommendations for the pharmacological management of DLB and PDD, and propose specific clinical guidelines for improving their clinical management. Supplemental data for this article can be accessed online at https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2022.2032601 .
  • ||||||||||  galantamine hydrobromide / Generic mfg., memantine / Generic mfg.
    Review, Journal:  New therapeutics beyond amyloid-β and tau for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. (Pubmed Central) -  Jan 29, 2022   
    In this review we updated the recent development of new therapeutics that regulate neurotransmitters, inflammation, lipid metabolism, autophagy, microbiota, circadian rhythm, and disease-modified genes for AD in preclinical research and clinical trials. It is to emphasize the importance of early diagnosis and multiple-target intervention, which may provide a promising outcome for AD treatment.
  • ||||||||||  donepezil / Generic mfg., galantamine hydrobromide / Generic mfg.
    Preclinical, Journal:  Multiple cholinesterase inhibitors have antidepressant-like properties in the mouse forced swim test. (Pubmed Central) -  Jan 28, 2022   
    In a recent publication, we demonstrated an antidepressant-like role for the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor (AChEI) donepezil in the C57BL/6J mouse forced swim test (FST)...Here we investigate the effects of three other AChEIs with varying molecular structures: galantamine, physostigmine, and rivastigmine, to test whether they also exhibit antidepressant-like effects in the FST...Further, we find that their antidepressant-like effects are not mediated by generalized hyperactivity in the novel open field test, and are also not accompanied by anxiolytic-like properties. These data further support the hypothesis that acetylcholine has a u-shaped dose-response relationship with immobility in the C57BL/6 J mouse FST, and provide a rationale for more thoroughly investigating whether reversible AChEIs as a class can be repurposed for the treatment of MDD in human subjects.
  • ||||||||||  rivastigmine / Generic mfg.
    Development of potent isoflavone derivatives to target Alzheimer’s disease (In-Person Room (Virtual Room)) -  Jan 28, 2022 - Abstract #ACSSp2022ACS_Sp_5430;    
    For example, the carbamate moiety is present in rivastigmine, a pharmaceutical currently used to treat AD, and many non-approved FDA AChE inhibitors like neostigmine, physostigmine, and pyridostigmine...Currently, we are troubleshooting other reaction conditions to yield carbamates on the isoflavone diol, and we are preparing other isoflavone derivatives and testing all new compounds for their inhibitory activity. Inhibitor design, synthetic efforts, computational docking studies, and preliminary biological activity will all be presented.