- |||||||||| rivastigmine / Generic mfg.
Preclinical, Journal: 7,8-Dihydroxyflavone improves cognitive functions in ICV-STZ rat model of sporadic Alzheimer's disease by reversing oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and insulin resistance. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 7, 2021
This work suggests that mechanistic and physiologically based pharmacokinetic models can be used to predict in vivo behaviour from IVPT data for topical products. Conclusively, 7,8-DHF was found to be neuroprotective in the ICV-STZ rat model by ameliorating oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and insulin resistance, thereby improving cognitive functions evident with the behavioral results.
- |||||||||| rivastigmine / Generic mfg.
FDA event, Journal, Combination therapy: Privileged Pharmacophore of FDA Approved Drugs in Combination with Chalcone Framework: A New Hope for Alzheimer's Treatment. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 4, 2021
Conclusively, 7,8-DHF was found to be neuroprotective in the ICV-STZ rat model by ameliorating oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and insulin resistance, thereby improving cognitive functions evident with the behavioral results. The current perspective described the recent updates of chalcone moiety linked with the pharmacophores of flurbiprofen and rivastigmine hybrids as selective ChE/MAO-B inhibitors for the prophylactic agents for AD.
- |||||||||| donepezil / Generic mfg., galantamine hydrobromide / Generic mfg.
Review, Journal: Molecular mechanisms in Alzheimer's disease and the impact of physical exercise with advancements in therapeutic approaches. (Pubmed Central) - Jun 30, 2021
Optimistically, this review directs on the advantageous strategies in using nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems to cross the blood-brain barrier for improving the efficacy of drugs combined with a novel neuronal stem cell therapy approach. Determinately, this review aims at the natural, non-therapeutic healing impact of physical exercise on different model organisms and the effect of safe neuromodulation treatments using repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS), transcranial Electrical Stimulation (tES) in humans to control the disease pathologies prominent in enhancing the synaptic function.
- |||||||||| dextromethorphan / Generic mfg.
Journal: Pharmacological mechanisms of interhemispheric signal propagation: a TMS-EEG study. (Pubmed Central) - Jun 24, 2021
Inhibitory mechanisms of ISP may be more salient for motor-related functions in the motor cortex than for cognitive control in the DLPFC. These findings are a fundamental step in advancing our understanding of interhemispheric connectivity and may be used to identify treatments for disorders in which transcallosal transmission is dysfunctional.
- |||||||||| rivastigmine / Generic mfg.
Journal: Rivastigmine modifies the α-secretase pathway and potentially early Alzheimer's disease. (Pubmed Central) - Jun 22, 2021
Rivastigmine can modify the levels of several shedding proteins and directs APP processing toward the non-amyloidogenic pathway. This novel property of rivastigmine can be therapeutically exploited for disease-modifying intervention that goes beyond symptomatic treatment for AD.
- |||||||||| rivastigmine / Generic mfg.
Journal: Ameliorative effects of apple cider vinegar on neurological complications via regulation of oxidative stress markers. (Pubmed Central) - Jun 22, 2021
These cells and animals were pretreated with apple cider vinegar (ACV), Chrysin, and Rivastigmine to examine their protection against cellular toxicity and neurotoxicity...Our findings suggest that the addition of ACV as a food additive in the daily diet may reduce the threat of multiple neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, our study could be the precursor of a new pharmacological therapeutic approach via ACV toward cognitive impairments associated with Alzheimer's disease.
- |||||||||| donepezil / Generic mfg., galantamine hydrobromide / Generic mfg., memantine / Generic mfg.
Journal: Dual Effect of Prussian Blue Nanoparticles on Aβ40 Aggregation: β-Sheet Fibril Reduction and Copper Dyshomeostasis Regulation. (Pubmed Central) - Jun 22, 2021
In the present report, the potential use of Prussian blue (PB), a drug that is in the World Health Organization Model List of Essential Medicines, in AD treatment is demonstrated. Both in vitro and in cellulo studies indeed suggest that PB nanoparticles (PBNPs) are capable of reducing the formation of typical amyloid-β fibers (detected by thioflavin T fluorescence) and restoring the usual amyloid fibrillation pathway via chelation/sequestration of copper, which is found in high concentrations in senile plaques.
- |||||||||| rivastigmine / Generic mfg.
Clinical, Journal: Rivastigmine as treatment for flashbacks and REM sleep problems in an older patient (Pubmed Central) - Jun 16, 2021
The flashbacks, nightmares and the REM sleep pathology were responsive to rivastigmine. Rivastigmine use for the treatment of REM sleep pathology is known in the literature, but it has never been described previously that rivastigmine also impacts on flashbacks and nightmares..
- |||||||||| rivastigmine / Generic mfg.
Clinical, Journal: Nutritional Status in Patients with Probable Alzheimer's Disease: Effect of Rivastigmine. (Pubmed Central) - Jun 5, 2021
Rivastigmine use for the treatment of REM sleep pathology is known in the literature, but it has never been described previously that rivastigmine also impacts on flashbacks and nightmares.. Rivastigmine treatment shows a protective effect on malnutrition in patients with moderate-stage AD.
- |||||||||| memantine / Generic mfg.
Preclinical, Journal: Mechanisms of Anticholinesterase Interference with Tau Aggregation Inhibitor Activity in a Tau-Transgenic Mouse Model. (Pubmed Central) - May 25, 2021
Since the interference is dictated by homeostatic responses to prior symptomatic treatment, it is likely that there would be similar interference with other drugs tested as add-on to the existing symptomatic treatment, regardless of the intended therapeutic target or mode of action. The present findings outline key results that now provide a working model to explain interference by symptomatic treatment.
- |||||||||| donepezil / Generic mfg., galantamine hydrobromide / Generic mfg., memantine / Generic mfg.
Biomarker, Journal: Genetic Editing and Pharmacogenetics in Current And Future Therapy Of Neurocognitive Disorders. (Pubmed Central) - May 25, 2021
Further studies investigate the possibilities of the development of emerging drugs or genetic editing by CRISPR/Cas9 for causative treatment. In conclusion, the pharmacogenetic studies on dementia diseases may improve the efficacy of pharmacotherapy in some patients with beneficial genetic variants, at the same time, identifying the carriers of unfavorable alleles, the potential group of novel approaches to the treatment and prevention of dementia.
- |||||||||| donepezil / Generic mfg.
Journal: Precision medicine in Alzheimer's disease: An origami paper-based electrochemical device for cholinesterase inhibitors. (Pubmed Central) - May 15, 2021
The physostigmine, rivastigmine, and donepezil inhibition activities toward the butyrylcholinesterase enzyme were also measured in blood sample with linearity up to respectively 0.5 μM, 25 μM, 30 μM, and detection limits of 0.009 μM, 0.4 μM, 0.3 μM. These results demonstrate the capability of paper-based origami sensors as point of care devices to customize the drug administration in Alzheimer's disease.
- |||||||||| donepezil / Generic mfg., galantamine hydrobromide / Generic mfg., memantine / Generic mfg.
Review, Journal: Alzheimer's disease: Recent treatment strategies. (Pubmed Central) - May 15, 2021
Current treatment for AD (donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine and memantine) is only symptomatic and has modest benefits...Even the positive findings presented by Biogen on Aducanumab are not entirely clear and further data is necessary to confirm its validity...Four monoclonal antibodies anti-tau (Gosuranemab, Tilavonemab, Semorinemab and Zagotenemab) and one anti-tau vaccine (AADvac1) have reached phase II, so far. In this review, we discuss the potential disease-modifying agents tested in clinical trials and update the information of drugs that are still under clinical evaluation.
- |||||||||| donepezil / Generic mfg., citicoline / Generic mfg.
Review, Journal: Effects of Citicoline as an Adjunct Treatment for Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review. (Pubmed Central) - May 8, 2021
Heterogeneity in timing of initiation and use may affect health and cost outcomes, but these effects merit further study. Limited evidence from pooled data of two observational studies suggests that CC used in adjunct with AChEIs in the treatment of AD was well-tolerated and showed improvement in cognition, mood, and behavioral symptoms compared to treating with AChEIs alone.
- |||||||||| Review, Journal: Alzheimer's disease treatment: The share of herbal medicines. (Pubmed Central) - May 7, 2021
Lavandula angustifolia, Ginkgo biloba, Melissa officinalis, Crocus sativus, Ginseng, Salvia miltiorrhiza, and Magnolia officinalis have been widely used for relief of symptoms of some neurological disorders. This paper reviews the therapeutic effects of phytomedicines with prominent effects against various factors implicated in the emergence and progression of AD.
- |||||||||| donepezil / Generic mfg., galantamine hydrobromide / Generic mfg.
Journal: Inhibitors of Cholinesterases in the Pharmacology, the Current Trends. (Pubmed Central) - May 6, 2021
This review is focused on survey of cholinesterase inhibitors with known or expected pharmacological impact and indications of their use. Recent literature with comments on it is provided here as well.
- |||||||||| rivastigmine / Generic mfg.
Preclinical, Journal, IO biomarker: Hypoxic-Conditioned Medium from Adipose Tissue Mesenchymal Stem Cells Improved Neuroinflammation through Alternation of Toll like receptor (TLR) 2 and TLR4 Expression in Model of Alzheimer's Disease Rats. (Pubmed Central) - May 4, 2021
Seventy-two rats were randomly divided into 6 groups: control, sham, sham+ATSC-CM: 200μl ATSC-CM once a day intraperitoneally for 8 days, AD group injected the Aβ1-40 intra-hippocampal, AD+ASC-CM, which was injected Aβ1-40 intra-hippocampal and 200μl ATSC-CM once a day intraperitoneally for 8 days and AD+ rivastigmine: was injected Aβ1-40 intra-hippocampal and received rivastigmine (0.6 mg/kg) orally once a day for 2 weeks...Results also showed that ATSC-CM reduced IL-1β and TNF-α as inflammation markers. ATSC-CM improved memory deficit, decreased beta amyloids formation, increased neuron survival, and attenuated inflammation by reducing the expression of TLRs.
- |||||||||| Review, Journal: Treatment of Parkinson's Disease with Cognitive Impairment: Current Approaches and Future Directions. (Pubmed Central) - May 1, 2021
There is growing research supporting exercise in the treatment of PD-MCI, but most non-pharmacological approaches have insufficient evidence for use in PD-MCI (cognitive rehabilitation, deep brain stimulation, transcranial direct current stimulation, transcranial ultrasound, vestibular nerve stimulation) and PDD (cognitive intervention, deep brain stimulation, transcranial alternating current stimulation, transcranial ultrasound, temporal blood brain barrier disruption). Research is needed for both disease-modifying and symptomatic treatments in PD cognitive impairment.
- |||||||||| Bambec (bambuterol) / Teva
Journal: Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel carbamates as potential inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 28, 2021
In the current work, a bambuterol derivative lacking one of the carbamoyloxy groups on the benzene ring (BMC-1) and its analogues were synthesized using 1-(3-hydroxyphenyl) ethan-1-one and 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl) ethan-1-one as starting materials...Further study confirmed that among the nine carbamates, BMC-3 (IC = 792 nM, IC = 2.2 nM) and BMC-16 (IC = 266 nM, IC = 10.6 nM) were excellent cholinesterase inhibitors with potential of permeating through the blood-brain barrier. These carbamates could be used as potential dual inhibitors of AChE and BChE and to discover novel drugs for the treatment of AD and PD dementia.
- |||||||||| risperidone / Generic mfg., donepezil / Generic mfg.
Clinical, Journal: SORL1 mutations are associated with parkinsonian and psychiatric features in Alzheimer disease: Case reports. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 28, 2021
These carbamates could be used as potential dual inhibitors of AChE and BChE and to discover novel drugs for the treatment of AD and PD dementia. These cases suggest that SORL1 mutations might result in aggregation of a-synuclein through altered function of GDNF and further lead to appearance of core dementia with Lewy bodies features.
- |||||||||| rivastigmine / Generic mfg.
Journal: Design, synthesis and evaluation of new 4-arylthiazole-2-amine derivatives as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 21, 2021
Moreover, the IC value of compound 4f was to 0.66 μM, which was higher than that of Rivastigmine and Huperzine-A as reference compounds, and it had a weak inhibitory effect on butyrylcholinesterase...At last, in silico molecular property of the synthesized compounds were predicted by using Molinspiration online servers. It can be concluded that the lead AChEIs compound 4f presented satisfactory drug-like characteristics.
- |||||||||| rivastigmine / Generic mfg.
Clinical, Journal: Rivastigmine improves dual-task gait velocity in patients with Alzheimer's disease. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 14, 2021
Our findings indicated that rivastigmine improved gait in subjects with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease during dual-task trials. The observed enhancement of dual-task gait might be caused by an improvement of cognitive function rather than motor function.
- |||||||||| donepezil / Generic mfg., galantamine hydrobromide / Generic mfg.
[VIRTUAL] A Comparison of NOS and ROBINS-I Tools for Quality Assessment of Observational Studies () - Apr 12, 2021 - Abstract #ISPOR2021ISPOR_1119;
The present review suggests ROBINS-I tool is more precise and can be used rigorously compared to NOS but is more time consuming. Based on modifications in tools with time and requirement, more research will be further required to compare the trustworthiness and relevance.
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