LY294002 / Eli Lilly 
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  • ||||||||||  quercetin (LY294002) / Eli Lilly
    Journal:  Gentiopicroside Ameliorates Oxidative Stress and Lipid Accumulation through Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 Activation. (Pubmed Central) -  May 6, 2021   
    Interestingly, we highlight that PI3K/AKT inhibitor (LY294002) markedly increased the expression of Nrf2 antioxidant pathway, PPARα, and downregulated SREBP-1c in FFA-stimulated HepG2 cells...GPS treatment had no effect on abnormal lipogenesis and antioxidant enzymes in Ty-induced Nrf2 mice. This work gives a new explanation that GPS may be a useful therapeutic strategy for NAFLD through upregulation of the Nrf2 antioxidant pathway, which can alleviate oxidative damage and lipid accumulation.
  • ||||||||||  quercetin (LY294002) / Eli Lilly
    Journal:  Critical implication of the PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway during BMP2-induced heterotopic ossification. (Pubmed Central) -  May 5, 2021   
    The PI3K inhibitor, LY294002, blocked BMP2‑induced osteoblastogenesis, suggesting that the PI3K/AKT pathway is critically required for BMP2 to initiate osteoblastogenesis...Hence, the results of the present study demonstrated that the PI3K/AKT signaling activity is indispensable for BMP2 to induce ectopic new bone. Targeting the PI3K/AKT pathway using inhibitor(s) may represent a potential molecular therapy for the treatment against HO.
  • ||||||||||  Byetta (exenatide) / AstraZeneca
    Preclinical, Journal:  Exendin-4 Promotes Schwann Cell Survival/Migration and Myelination In Vitro. (Pubmed Central) -  May 1, 2021   
    Because Ex-4 induced phosphorylation of serine/threonine-specific protein kinase AKT in these cells and its effects on DRG neurons and IFRS1 cells were attenuated by phosphatidyl inositol-3'-phosphate-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor LY294002, Ex-4 might act on both cells to activate PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, thereby promoting myelination in the co-culture. These findings imply the potential efficacy of Ex-4 toward DPN and other peripheral nerve lesions.
  • ||||||||||  quercetin (LY294002) / Eli Lilly
    Journal:  Curcuma amarissima Extract Activates Growth and Survival Signal Transduction Networks to Stimulate Proliferation of Human Keratinocyte. (Pubmed Central) -  May 1, 2021   
    Specifically, the CA-induced increase of cell monolayer wound healing was blocked by the MEK inhibitor (U0126) or the PI3K inhibitor (LY294002)...Taken together, our study provided convincing evidence that Curcuma amarissima can promote proliferation and survival of human keratinocyte through stimulating the MAPK and PI3K/Akt signaling cascades. These promising data emphasize the possibility to develop this plant as a wound healing agent for the potential application in regenerative medicine.
  • ||||||||||  quercetin (LY294002) / Eli Lilly
    Journal, PARP Biomarker, IO biomarker:  Pristimerin-induced uveal melanoma cell death via inhibiting PI3K/Akt/FoxO3a signalling pathway. (Pubmed Central) -  Apr 29, 2021   
    Taken together, present results showed that Pristimerin induced apoptotic cell death through inhibition of PI3K/Akt/FoxO3a pathway in UM-1 cells. These findings indicate that Pristimerin may be considered as a potential chemotherapeutic agent for patients with UM.
  • ||||||||||  MK-2206 / Merck (MSD), quercetin (LY294002) / Eli Lilly
    Journal, IO biomarker:  CFTR promotes malignant glioma development via up-regulation of Akt/Bcl2-mediated anti-apoptosis pathway. (Pubmed Central) -  Apr 29, 2021   
    More importantly, the protein expression level of CFTR is significantly increased in glioblastoma patient samples. Altogether, our study has revealed a mechanism by which CFTR promotes glioma progression via up-regulation of Akt/Bcl2-mediated anti-apoptotic pathway, which warrants future studies into the potential of using CFTR as a therapeutic target for glioma treatment.
  • ||||||||||  quercetin (LY294002) / Eli Lilly
    Journal, IO biomarker:  ROS accumulation contributes to abamectin-induced apoptosis and autophagy via the inactivation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in TM3 Leydig cells. (Pubmed Central) -  Apr 28, 2021   
    Pretreatment with a PI3K/AKT inhibitor, LY294002, mimicked the ABA-mediated effects on cytotoxicity...However, N-acetylcysteine as ROS scavengers inhibited ABA-induced apoptosis and autophagy and reversed these ABA-mediated effects on PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. On the basis of the above results, it is suggested that ABA exposure induces apoptosis and autophagy in TM3 cells by ROS accumulation to mediate PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway suppression.
  • ||||||||||  quercetin (LY294002) / Eli Lilly
    Journal:  Osteoprotegerin interacts with syndecan-1 to promote human endometrial stromal decidualization by decreasing Akt phosphorylation. (Pubmed Central) -  Apr 28, 2021   
    Western blot analysis of the rescue experiments performed using the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling-specific inhibitor LY294002 was used to investigate the downstream signaling pathways through which OPG could mediate HESC decidualization...This work was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China U1605223 (to G.S.), 81701457 (to Y.J.) and 81601349 (to Y.J.). The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose.
  • ||||||||||  fluoxetine / Generic mfg.
    Preclinical, Journal:  Fluoxetine regulates glucose and lipid metabolism via the PI3K‑AKT signaling pathway in diabetic rats. (Pubmed Central) -  Apr 27, 2021   
    Additionally, fluoxetine could inhibit the phosphatidylinositol 3‑kinase‑protein kinase B (PI3K‑AKT) signaling pathway, whereas LY294002, a specific inhibitor of PI3K, suppressed the function of PI3K‑AKT signaling and suppressed the expression levels of glucose metabolism‑associated proteins, including GSK‑3β, G6PC, PEPCK and FOXO1 in BRL‑3A cells. The results of the present study revealed that fluoxetine may regulate glucose and lipid metabolism via the PI3K‑AKT signaling pathway in diabetic rats.
  • ||||||||||  quercetin (LY294002) / Eli Lilly, Lynparza (olaparib) / Merck (MSD), AstraZeneca
    Journal:  Effect of Oxaliplatin, Olaparib and LY294002 in Combination on Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells. (Pubmed Central) -  Apr 17, 2021   
    However, and in contrast with the findings of others, we detected no synergistic effect between olaparib and oxaliplatin, and we found that the Akt pathway inhibitor augmented the cytostatic properties of the platinum compound and/or prevented the cytoprotective effects of PARP inhibition. Our results suggest that, at therapeutically relevant concentrations, the cytotoxicity of the platinum compound dominated over that of the PARP inhibitor and the PI3K inhibitor, even though a regression-based model could have indicated an overall synergy at lower and/or higher concentrations.
  • ||||||||||  ketamine / Generic mfg., sirolimus / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  The involvement of PI3K/Akt/mTOR/GSK3β signaling pathways in the antidepressant-like effect of AZD6765. (Pubmed Central) -  Apr 14, 2021   
    In this context, we demonstrated that a single administration of AZD6765 (1 mg/kg, i.p.) was able to induce an antidepressant-like effect in mice submitted to tail suspension test (TST), an effect reversed by LY294002 (a reversible PI3K inhibitor, 10 nmol/site, i.c.v.), wortmannin (an irreversible PI3K inhibitor, 0.1 μg/site, i.c.v.) and rapamycin (a selective mTOR inhibitor, 0.2 nmol/site, i.c.v.)...In addition, a single administration of AZD6765 (1 mg/kg, i.p.) or ketamine (1 mg/kg, i.p.) reversed the depressive-like behavior induced by chronic unpredictable stress (CUS). Altogether, the results provide evidence for the fast-acting antidepressant profile of AZD6765, by a mechanism likely dependent on PI3K/Akt/mTOR/GSK3β.
  • ||||||||||  quercetin (LY294002) / Eli Lilly
    Journal:  The anti-inflammatory effects of 15-HETE on osteoarthritis during treadmill exercise. (Pubmed Central) -  Apr 10, 2021   
    GA inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in HaCaT keratinocytes through ROS-mediated inhibition of PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, and ameliorates IMQ-induced psoriasis-like skin lesions in mice. Treadmill exercise alleviates OA and increases 15-HETE levels in the knee joint, which suppresses inflammation in chondrocytes via PI3k-Akt signalling in vitro and in vivo.
  • ||||||||||  quercetin (LY294002) / Eli Lilly
    Preclinical, Journal:  NT-4 attenuates neuroinflammation via TrkB/PI3K/FoxO1 pathway after germinal matrix hemorrhage in neonatal rats. (Pubmed Central) -  Apr 1, 2021   
    These data showed that rh-NT-4 reduced the expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, improved neurological function, attenuated neuroinflammation, and thereby mitigated post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus after GMH by TrkB/PI3K/Akt/FoxO1 pathway. These results indicated that rh-NT-4 could be a promising therapeutic strategy to ameliorate neuroinflammation and hydrocephalus after GMH or other similar brain injuries.