- |||||||||| bictegravir (GS-9883) / Gilead, Vitekta (elvitegravir) / Japan Tobacco, Gilead
Preclinical, Journal: In vitro antibacterial activity of antiretroviral drugs on key commensal bacteria from the human microbiota. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 27, 2024
Zidovudine has antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Prevotella bivia, abacavir against Gardnerella vaginalis, efavirenz against G. vaginalis and P. bivia and bictegravir against Enterococcus spp...Moreover, we describe for the first time that elvitegravir has antibacterial activity against G. vaginalis and P. bivia and, most importantly, against vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus spp...Our results underscore that some antiretroviral drugs may influence the human microbiota composition. In addition, we report the potential use of elvitegravir to treat multidrug-resistant Gram-positive bacteria warranting the need of clinical studies to repurpose this antiretroviral drug.
- |||||||||| Rituxan (rituximab) / Roche
Enrollment change: Natural History Study of the KSHV Inflammatory Cytokine Syndrome (KICS) (clinicaltrials.gov) - Jan 23, 2024
P2, N=140, Recruiting,
In addition, we report the potential use of elvitegravir to treat multidrug-resistant Gram-positive bacteria warranting the need of clinical studies to repurpose this antiretroviral drug. N=80 --> 140
- |||||||||| ivermectin oral / Generic mfg.
Review, Journal: Effectiveness of Drug Repurposing and Natural Products Against SARS-CoV-2: A Comprehensive Review. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 10, 2024
Using these tools, new uses for approved drugs such as chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, ivermectin, zidovudine, ribavirin, lamivudine, remdesivir, lopinavir and tenofovir/emtricitabine have been conducted, showing effectiveness in vitro and in silico against SARS-CoV-2 and some of these, also in clinical trials...This review shows the evidence of drug repurposing efficacy and the potential use of natural products as a treatment for COVID-19. For this, a search was carried out in PubMed, SciELO and ScienceDirect databases for articles about drugs approved or under study and natural compounds recognized for their antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2.
- |||||||||| Beleodaq (belinostat) / Aurobindo, Assertio
Trial completion date, Trial primary completion date: Belinostat Therapy With Zidovudine for Adult T-Cell Leukemia-Lymphoma (clinicaltrials.gov) - Jan 2, 2024
P2, N=10, Recruiting,
For this, a search was carried out in PubMed, SciELO and ScienceDirect databases for articles about drugs approved or under study and natural compounds recognized for their antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2. Trial completion date: Dec 2024 --> Dec 2025 | Trial primary completion date: Dec 2023 --> Dec 2024
- |||||||||| zidovudine / Generic mfg.
Journal: New azaaurone derivatives as potential multitarget agents in HIV-TB coinfection. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 30, 2023
These compounds incorporate the structural features of azaaurones as anti-Mtb and zidovudine (AZT) as the antiretroviral moiety...Therefore, (E)-12 could be the first promising compound from a family of multitarget agents used to treat HIV-TB coinfection. In addition, the compound could offer a prototype for the development of new strategies in scientific research to treat this global health issue.
- |||||||||| erlotinib / Generic mfg.
Journal: Erlotinib-containing benzenesulfonamides as anti-Helicobacter pylori agents through carbonic anhydrase inhibition. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 7, 2023
Furthermore, analyzing the bond dissociation energies showed that all systems exhibited negative enthalpy values, indicating that these systems were exothermic at both surface and interaction levels, thus suggesting that these processes emitted heat, contributing to the surrounding thermal energy. Aim: Development of dual-acting antibacterial agents containing Erlotinib, a recognized EGFR inhibitor used as an
- |||||||||| zidovudine / Generic mfg.
Journal: Lower academic performance among children with perinatal HIV exposure in Botswana. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 4, 2023
Biological and socio-demographic factors, including child sex, appear to contribute to this difference. Further research is needed to identify modifiable contributors, develop screening tools to identify the risk of poor academic performance and design interventions to mitigate risk.
- |||||||||| Rituxan (rituximab) / Biogen, Zenyaku Holdings, Roche
Targeting EBV Encoded Viral Kinases with GCV, AZT, Rituximab and Dexamethasone (GARD) Results in Durable Responses in Patients with CNS Lymphoproliferative Disease (SDCC - Halls G-H) - Nov 3, 2023 - Abstract #ASH2023ASH_5919;
After induction, dexamethasone was tapered, and GCV/AZT was switched to maintenance oral dosing of 450mg valganciclovir twice daily and 300mg of AZT twice daily...This expression of viral kinases in CNS-LPD supports the mechanistic rationale of this antiviral approach and could be further investigated as a predictive biomarker. Overall, this research highlights unique epigenetic features of EBV in CNS-LPD that support the use of antiviral, specifically the GARD regimen, in EBV+ CNS-LPD.
- |||||||||| zidovudine / Generic mfg.
Review, Journal: Strategies in the Design and Development of Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NNRTIs). (Pubmed Central) - Oct 28, 2023
Since the discovery of the first drug, Zidovudine (AZT), a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI), to date, 30 drugs have been approved by the FDA, primarily targeting reverse transcriptase, integrase, and/or protease enzymes...Medicinal chemistry researchers apply different optimization strategies including structure- and fragment-based drug design, prodrug approach, scaffold hopping, molecular/fragment hybridization, bioisosterism, high-throughput screening, covalent-binding, targeting highly hydrophobic channel, targeting dual site, and multi-target-directed ligand to identify and develop novel NNRTIs with high antiviral activity against wild-type (WT) and mutant strains. The formulation experts design various delivery systems with single or combination therapies and long-acting regimens of NNRTIs to improve pharmacokinetic profiles and provide sustained therapeutic effects.
- |||||||||| zidovudine / Generic mfg., trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole / Generic mfg.
Journal: Burden of Anemia among Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Positive Adults on Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy at Hawassa University Compressive Specialized Hospital, Hawassa, Ethiopia. (Pubmed Central) - Oct 24, 2023
Consequently, it is suggested that early preventative interventions, such as serial hemoglobin follow-up, iron supplementation, and education about dietary consumption, be undertaken targeting the aforementioned groups. In addition, the preferred first-line ART regimen as per the latest national and WHO guidelines is recommended, especially for the above groups.
- |||||||||| Review, Journal: Current insights and molecular docking studies of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitors. (Pubmed Central) - Oct 11, 2023
This review addresses HIV-1 structure, replication cycle, reverse transcription, and HIV drug targets. This study focuses on NRTIs and NNRTIs, their binding sites, mechanisms of action, FDA-approved drugs and drugs in clinical trials, their resistance and adverse effects, their molecular docking studies, and highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART).
- |||||||||| zidovudine / Generic mfg.
Journal: Antiviral Effect of 5'-Arylchalcogeno-3-aminothymidine Derivatives in SARS-CoV-2 Infection. (Pubmed Central) - Oct 2, 2023
The in silico results suggested that the organoselenium is a potential non-competitive inhibitor of RdRp, interacting in the allosteric cavity located in the palm region. Overall, the cell-based results indicated that the chalcogen-zidovudine derivatives were more potent than AZT in inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 replication and that the compounds R3b and R3e play an important inhibitory role, expanding the knowledge about the promising therapeutic capacity of organoselenium against COVID-19.
- |||||||||| zidovudine / Generic mfg., doxorubicin hydrochloride / Generic mfg., rasagiline / Generic mfg.
Journal: Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Drug-Conjugated Cell-Penetrating Peptides. (Pubmed Central) - Sep 28, 2023
Membrane-peptide and membrane-conjugate interactions have been identified and compared. Taking into account well-known examples from the literature, our simulations demonstrated the utility of computational methods for CPP complexes, and they may contribute to a better understanding of the mechanism of penetration, which could serve as the basis for delivering conjugated drug molecules to their intracellular targets.
- |||||||||| zidovudine / Generic mfg.
Journal: A quantum mechanical investigation of nanocone oxide as a drug carrier for zidovudine: AIDS drug. (Pubmed Central) - Sep 25, 2023
Photoinduced electron studies (PET) showed fluorescence quenching because of the interaction between the drug and the carrier and provided a graphical explanation of the distinct excited state. All the results show that the ONC carrier has therapeutic potential as a zidovudine carrier for the treatment of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV).
- |||||||||| Patch Test On Steven Johnson Syndrome Patient With Human Immunodeficiency Virus (e-Poster Hall) - Aug 30, 2023 - Abstract #EADV2023EADV_2430;
Elimination of SnIV-1 from all cultivars was successful with each of the three antivirotics at concentrations of 20, 40, and 80 mg L. Elimination of AHVd was also achieved, although less effectively and only with ribavirin in the concentration range of 20-160 mg L. Materials & A 36-year-old male with a history of maculopapular eruption and Steven Johnson
- |||||||||| Journal: Iatrogenic triggers for anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa: A WHO safety database disproportionality analysis. (Pubmed Central) - Aug 23, 2023
Lamivudine (IC 4.2; [3.2-4.9]), nevirapine (IC 3.7; [2.6-4.6]), and zidovudine (IC 3.4; [2.0-4.3]) had the highest ICs in adult AN...Before treatment initiation, an anamnesis should seek out mental health conditions, allowing the identification of patients at risk of developing or relapsing into AN or BN. In addition to misuse, the hypothesis of iatrogenic triggers for AN and BN should also be considered.
- |||||||||| stavudine / Generic mfg., didanosine / Generic mfg., zidovudine / Generic mfg.
Journal: Asymptomatic people with well-controlled HIV do not have abnormal left ventricular global longitudinal strain. (Pubmed Central) - Aug 7, 2023
Exposure to at least one mitochondrially toxic ART drug (didanosine, stavudine, zidovudine, or zalcitabine) was not associated with impairment of LV systolic function. No clinically significant impairment of myocardial systolic function, as measured by LV GLS, was detected in this predominantly Caucasian male population of PWHIV on long-term ART, with no history of cardiovascular disease.
- |||||||||| Rituxan (rituximab) / Roche
Trial completion date, Trial primary completion date: Natural History Study of the KSHV Inflammatory Cytokine Syndrome (KICS) (clinicaltrials.gov) - Jun 18, 2023
P2, N=80, Recruiting,
In conclusion, combination of abacavir and zidovudine was predicted to be potential therapy for controlling HAdV infection targeting HAdV DNA polymerase. Trial completion date: Dec 2025 --> Dec 2028 | Trial primary completion date: Dec 2025 --> Dec 2028
- |||||||||| Retrospective data, Journal, Adverse events: Adverse pregnancy outcomes associated with antiretroviral therapy initiated before pregnancy and during pregnancy: a retrospective study in Hubei province, China. (Pubmed Central) - Jun 5, 2023
Using no ART exposure before and during pregnancy as control, the risks of APOs associated with protease inhibitor (PI) based regimens and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) based regimens initiated before pregnancy were analyzed; and the risks of APOs associated with PI-based regimens, NNRTIs based regimens and zidovudine (AZT) monotherapy initiated during pregnancy were analyzed...Efavirenz (EFV)-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) (32.2%), LPV/r-NRTIs (31.2%), and nevirapine (NVP)-NRTIs (27.4%) were the most commonly used regimens, and the proportion of LPV/r-NRTIs used per year has increased to around 50.0% in recent years...Our data suggests that LPV/r-NRTIs has been widely used among PWLHIV in recent years. However, the potential risk of LBW should be continuously monitored among PWLHIV whether LPV/r-NRTIs is initiated before or during pregnancy.
- |||||||||| Cytovene (ganciclovir) / Roche, Arbidol (umifenovir) / Pharmstandard, Tyzeka (telbivudine) / Novartis
Biomarker, Journal: Stability and WBE biomarkers possibility of 17 antiviral drugs in sewage and gravity sewers. (Pubmed Central) - May 17, 2023
As for the other 8 unstable drugs (abacavir, arbidol, ribavirin, zidovudine, ritonavir, lopinavir, remdesivir and efavirenz), their attenuation was driven by adsorption, biodegradation and diffusion...Compared with current classification method, this framework considered the influences of residence time and different removal mechanisms, which additionally screened four antiviral drugs as viable WBE biomarkers. This is the first study to report the stability of antiviral drugs in gravity sewers.
- |||||||||| zidovudine / Generic mfg.
Review, Journal: Prevention of the Vertical Transmission of HIV; A Recap of the Journey so Far. (Pubmed Central) - May 2, 2023
This study reported a 67.5% reduction in perinatal HIV transmission with prophylactic antenatal, intrapartum, and postnatal zidovudine...Despite this success, the elimination of HIV's vertical transmission on the global scale remains a work in progress, limited by socioeconomic factors such as the prohibitive cost of antiretrovirals. Here, we review some of the key trials underpinning the development of guidelines in the US as well as globally, and discuss the evidence through a historic lens.
- |||||||||| Beleodaq (belinostat) / Aurobindo, Assertio
Enrollment change: Belinostat Therapy With Zidovudine for Adult T-Cell Leukemia-Lymphoma (clinicaltrials.gov) - Apr 26, 2023
P2, N=10, Recruiting,
Here, we review some of the key trials underpinning the development of guidelines in the US as well as globally, and discuss the evidence through a historic lens. N=20 --> 10
- |||||||||| Germanin (suramin) / Optimum Therap, Sovaldi (sofosbuvir) / Gilead, Lagevrio (molnupiravir) / Ridgeback Biotherap, Merck (MSD)
Journal, Combination therapy: The Unusual Architecture of RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase (RdRp)'s Catalytic Chamber Provides a Potential Strategy for Combination Therapy against COVID-19. (Pubmed Central) - Mar 30, 2023
However, suramin, which is a highly hydrophobic drug, unexpectedly showed overall weaker binding affinities in both binding sites when compared to other drugs...The ?E and ?G for hydrophobic drugs were enough to balance the unfavorable ?G, leaving the ?E to be the most determining factor of the total binding energy. The information presented in this report will provide guidelines for tailoring SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors with enhanced binding profiles.
- |||||||||| ticagrelor / Generic mfg., mitomycin / Generic mfg., zidovudine / Generic mfg.
Review, Journal: Design and Synthesis of Novel Antimicrobial Agents. (Pubmed Central) - Mar 29, 2023
Nonetheless, prodrugs (e.g., siderophores) have recently shown to be an excellent platform to design a new generation of antimicrobial agents with better efficacy against multidrug-resistant bacteria. Ultimately, to combat resistant bacteria and to stop the spread of resistant illnesses, regulations and public education regarding the use of antibiotics in hospitals and the agricultural sector should be combined with research and technological advancements.
- |||||||||| zidovudine / Generic mfg., hydroxyurea / Generic mfg., minocycline / Generic mfg.
Review, Journal: Blue Nail Discoloration: Literature Review and Diagnostic Algorithms. (Pubmed Central) - Mar 28, 2023
Patients presenting with blue nail discoloration warrant a thorough history, physical examination, and workup to rule out malignancy, systemic disease, or toxic exposure. We present diagnostic algorithms for monodactylic and polydactylic blue nail discoloration to guide workup and treatment plans.
- |||||||||| amikacin sulfate / Generic mfg., zidovudine / Generic mfg.
Preclinical, Journal, Combination therapy: Efficacy of Zidovudine-Amikacin Combination Therapy In Vitro and in a Rat Tissue Cage Infection Model against Amikacin-Resistant, Multidrug-Resistant Enterobacteriales. (Pubmed Central) - Mar 25, 2023
Second, using in vitro and in vivo approaches, our study showed that zidovudine strongly synergized with amikacin against amikacin-resistant MDR Enterobacteriales isolates. Most importantly, with regard to survival benefit, pharmacokinetics, and bactericidal effects, our in vivo experiment demonstrated the effectiveness of zidovudine-amikacin.
- |||||||||| zidovudine / Generic mfg.
Journal: HIV Replication Increases the Mitochondrial DNA Content of Plasma Extracellular Vesicles. (Pubmed Central) - Feb 12, 2023
It was more abundant in EVs of viremic than aviremic and control participants and tended to be more abundant in participants treated with Tenofovir compared with Zidovudine...Our results highlight the impact of viral replication and ART on large and small EVs' mtDNA content. The mechanisms underlying the differential incorporation of mtDNA into EVs and their effects on the surrounding cells warrant further investigation.
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