levofloxacin / Generic mfg. 
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  • ||||||||||  ceftriaxone / Generic mfg.
    Preclinical, Journal:  In vitro and in vivo antibiotic capacity of two host defence peptides. (Pubmed Central) -  Jun 22, 2021   
    Pin2[G] showed superior immunomodulatory activity in increasing chemokine production by a human bronchial cell line and suppressing poly(IC)-induced pro-inflammatory IL6 production. These data showed that the in vitro antimicrobial activity of these peptides was not correlated with their in vivo anti-infective activity, and suggest that other factors such as immunomodulatory activity were more important.
  • ||||||||||  levofloxacin / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Fitness Cost and Compensatory Evolution in Levofloxacin-Resistant Mycobacterium aurum. (Pubmed Central) -  Jun 22, 2021   
    Five of six mutant strains with substantial growth defects showed restored fitness after being serially passaged for 18 growth cycles, along with increased cellular ATP level. Whole genome sequencing identified putative compensatory mutations in glgC gene which restored the fitness of the resistant strains, presumably by altering the bacterial energy metabolism.
  • ||||||||||  levofloxacin / Generic mfg.
    Clinical, Review, Journal:  A global perspective of pediatric non-viral keratitis: literature review. (Pubmed Central) -  Jun 22, 2021   
    Risk factors follow the same trend; however, there is no standard regimen being followed for empirical treatment of pediatric infectious keratitis. Associated malnourishment and vitamin A deficiency result in poorer outcomes.
  • ||||||||||  rifampicin / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Changes in treatment for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis according to national income. (Pubmed Central) -  Jun 22, 2021   
    The aim of this study was to analyse temporal changes in treatments for and outcomes of multidrug-resistant (MDR)/rifampin-resistant (RR)-tuberculosis (TB) in the context of national economic status.We analysed data collected by the Collaborative Group for the Meta-Analysis of Individual Patient Data in MDR-TB Treatment on MDR/RR-TB patients from 37 countries...Over the study period, use of group A drugs (levofloxacin/moxifloxacin, bedaquiline and linezolid) recommended by the World Health Organization increased and treatment outcomes improved in all income groups...However, high-income countries had persistently higher probability of treatment success compared to upper-middle income countries.Improved treatment outcomes and greater uptake of Group A drugs were observed over time for patients with MDR/RR-TB at all income levels. However, treatment outcomes are still unsatisfactory, especially in upper-middle-income countries.
  • ||||||||||  levofloxacin / Generic mfg., naproxen / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Novel combination of non-invasive morphological and solid-state characterisation of drug-loaded core-shell electrospun fibres. (Pubmed Central) -  Jun 22, 2021   
    In addition to the conventional core-shell structural verification methods, the Raman spectroscopy method was implemented to reveal not only the core-shell structure of the PLA/PVP nanofibers but also the form of the embedded drugs. The Raman mapping of the fibres confirm the above results, and it is shown that an amorphous solid dispersion is formed as a result of the coaxial electrospinning process.
  • ||||||||||  clarithromycin / Generic mfg., amoxicillin / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Analysis of the primary and post-treatment antibiotic resistance of Helico-bacter pylori in Nanjing area. (Pubmed Central) -  Jun 22, 2021   
    Antibiotic resistance of H. pylori remained a problem for the effective eradication of this pathogen and its associated diseases in the Nanjing area. For post-treatment eradication patients, clinicians should take into account regional antibiotic resistance rate, personal antibiotic exposure history, economic benefit ratio, adverse antibiotic reactions, antibiotic availability and other aspects.
  • ||||||||||  levofloxacin / Generic mfg.
    Clinical, Journal:  Bacterial agents and changes in drug susceptibilities in cases of chronic dacryocystitis, Southern China. (Pubmed Central) -  Jun 22, 2021   
    Compared with three years ago, the detection rate for Gram-positive cocci decreased from 51.1% to 27.8% (χ = 8.054, P = 0.005) Gram-positive cocci, Gram-negative bacilli, and anaerobic bacteria were the predominant pathogens. The prevalence of Gram-positive bacteria in cases of chronic dacryocystitis is decreasing.
  • ||||||||||  levofloxacin / Generic mfg., amikacin sulfate / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Novel mechanisms of efflux-mediated levofloxacin resistance and reduced amikacin susceptibility in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. (Pubmed Central) -  Jun 22, 2021   
    The sensor kinase Smlt2646 (SmaS) is activated by mutation in K M6 LEV causing over-production of two novel ABC transporters and the known aminoglycoside efflux pump SmeYZ. Over-production of one ABC transporter, Smlt1651-4 (renamed as SmaCDEF) causes levofloxacin resistance in K M6 LEV Over-production of the other ABC transporter, Smlt2642/3 (renamed SmaAB) and SmeYZ both contribute to the elevated amikacin MIC against K M6 LEV Accordingly, we have identified two novel ABC transporters associated with antimicrobial drug resistance in S. maltophilia, and two novel regulatory systems whose mutation causes resistance to levofloxacin, clinically important as a promising drug for monotherapy against this highly resistant pathogen.
  • ||||||||||  ciprofloxacin oral / Generic mfg., levofloxacin / Generic mfg., nitrofurantoin / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Antioxidant molecules as a source of mitigation of antibiotic resistance genes dissemination. (Pubmed Central) -  Jun 22, 2021   
    Furthermore, we showed that some antioxidant molecules currently approved for unrelated clinical uses such as edaravone, p-Coumaric acid and N-acetylcysteine may antagonize the inducibility effect of antibiotics in term of increased plasmid conjugation rates. These results suggest that several antioxidative molecules might be used in combination with those "inducer" antibiotics to mitigate the unwanted increased resistance plasmid dissemination.
  • ||||||||||  levofloxacin / Generic mfg.
    Clinical, Journal:  Clinical Impact of the Revised 2019 CLSI Levofloxacin Breakpoints in Patients with Enterobacterales Bacteremia. (Pubmed Central) -  Jun 22, 2021   
    The emergence of levofloxacin-resistant isolates was likely more common in the high-MIC group compared to the low-MIC group (7.5% vs. 25.0%, p=0.065). An estimated AUC/MIC ratio≥ 87 was significantly associated with better survival (p=0.002).ConclusionsPatients with high levofloxacin MICs within the pre-2019 CLSI susceptible range of 1 or 2 μg/mL were associated with higher mortality compared to those with MICs ≤0.5 μg/mL.
  • ||||||||||  levofloxacin / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Analyzing possible native functions of the quinolone resistance gene qnr in Vibrio vulnificus. (Pubmed Central) -  Jun 22, 2021   
    We found that qnrVv is involved in resistance to ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and mitomycin C and in the cold shock response in V. vulnificus Moreover, ΔqnrVv and ΔcspA mutants showed slower growth when they were treated with bile salts at 37°C and then shifted to 15°C (cold shock) without bile salts in the medium, with the effect being stronger in the double mutant...Cold shock and bile salts induced the expression of cspA and DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV genes. However, no induction was found in the ΔqnrVv mutant, suggesting that the qnrVv gene is involved in the response to DNA damage and nucleic acid secondary structure.
  • ||||||||||  levofloxacin / Generic mfg.
    Clinical, Journal:  A rare case of Levofloxacin-related Iliopsoas and Achilles tendon rupture. (Pubmed Central) -  Jun 22, 2021   
    Conclusion Nitazoxanide prescription could be an option against COVID-19 in pregnancy due to its safety profile. Achilles tendon rupture is a well-documented adverse effect of Fluoroquinolones; however, herein we present a case of complete iliopsoas and Achilles, and partial semimembranosus tendon rupture secondary to Levofloxacin.
  • ||||||||||  ceftriaxone / Generic mfg.
    Clinical, Journal:  Bacterial Sepsis Pathogens and Resistance Patterns in a South Asian Tertiary Care Hospital. (Pubmed Central) -  Jun 22, 2021   
    Conclusion The susceptibility of bacterial isolates in septicemia to common antibiotics was low, thus risking therapeutic failure in septic patients. Widespread resistance may be due to the excessive use along with over-the-counter availability of antibiotics, which therefore requires regulation as it is an alarming situation.
  • ||||||||||  methotrexate / Generic mfg., clarithromycin / Generic mfg., rifampicin / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Persistent Infection Versus Type 2 Immunological Reaction in Lepromatous Leprosy. (Pubmed Central) -  Jun 16, 2021   
    Her lower extremity edema was attributed to type 2 immunological reaction for which she was started on prednisone and methotrexate, but she was lost to follow-up for 19 months...The patient was treated with thalidomide with improvement in the appearance of the skin lesions...Clinicians should be aware of these complications. A high index of suspicion and accurate interpretation of skin biopsy results are essential for appropriate diagnosis.
  • ||||||||||  rifampicin / Generic mfg.
    Retrospective data, Journal:  Analysis of pathogen distribution and drug resistance of acute,delayed and chronic periprosthetic joint infection (Pubmed Central) -  Jun 16, 2021   
    Gram-positive bacteria were the main pathogens of PJI (49.7%,157/316),and the positive rates of culture in patients with acute PJI,delayed PJI and chronic PJI were 33.8% (22/65),55.4% (46/83) and 53.0% (89/168),and the difference was statistically significant(χ²=8.343,P=0.015).The common bacteria were coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (54.8%,86/157) and Staphylococcus aureus (30.6%,48/157),The drug-sensitivity to linezolid,vancomycin and tigacycline was 100%.The gram-negative bacteria were mainly Escherichia coli and Enterobacter cloacae,and the drug resistance rate to carbapenems was low,ranging from 0 to 9.09%.The drug resistance rates of acute PJI patients to rifampicin,ciprofloxacin and erythromycin were significantly higher than those of late onset and chronic PJI patients,the difference was statistically significant(rifampicin:χ²=14.332,P=0.001;ciprofloxacin:χ²=12.086,P=0.002;erythromycin:χ²=9.096,P=0.010);The drug resistance rate of acute PJI patients to levofloxacin,clindamycin and tetracycline was higher than that of chronic PJI patients,and the difference was statistically significant(levofloxacin:χ²=10.500,P=0.002; clindamycin: χ²=7.103,P=0.007; tetracycline: χ²=6.909,P =0.012).The resistance rate of ampicillin/sulbactam in acute PJI (60.0%) was significantly higher than that in chronic PJI (16.7%),and the difference was statistically significant(χ²= 5.853,P=0.040). Gram-positive bacteria are the main pathogens of PJI,and the resistance rate of pathogens of acute PJI is higher than that of late onset and chronic PJI.
  • ||||||||||  clarithromycin / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Molecular Detection of Antibiotic-Resistant Helicobacter pylori. (Pubmed Central) -  Jun 12, 2021   
    This chapter provides an update on global antibiotic resistance rates and describes molecular mechanisms that confer H. pylori antibiotic resistance. An overview on the advantages and limitations of molecular AST using both invasive and noninvasive approaches is also provided.
  • ||||||||||  clarithromycin / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Culture-Based Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing for Helicobacter pylori. (Pubmed Central) -  Jun 12, 2021   
    It is recommended to test six antibiotics by diffusion using strips charged with an antibiotic gradient in order to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). Two of these antibiotics, clarithromycin and levofloxacin, are more important because of frequent resistance which jeopardizes the success of the treatment.
  • ||||||||||  dexamethasone / Generic mfg.
    Clinical, Journal:  MENINGO-ENCEPHALITIS IN A MIDDLE-AGED WOMAN HOSPITALIZED FOR COVID-19. (Pubmed Central) -  Jun 12, 2021   
    Two of these antibiotics, clarithromycin and levofloxacin, are more important because of frequent resistance which jeopardizes the success of the treatment. This case shows that SARS-CoV-2 in association with other pathogens may cause various lesions of the CNS accompanied by severe neurological manifestations in adults.
  • ||||||||||  clarithromycin / Generic mfg., amoxicillin / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Helicobacter Pylori Eradication Therapy: Still a Challenge. (Pubmed Central) -  Jun 12, 2021   
    Patient compliance to the treatment can only be ensured by medicines with fewer adverse effects. In our study, levofloxacin-based triple, concomitant, and standard triple regimens with probiotics are maximally acceptable treatments.
  • ||||||||||  Teflaro (ceftaroline fosamil) / Sumitomo Dainippon, AstraZeneca, AbbVie, Zavicefta (ceftazidime/avibactam) / Pfizer, AbbVie
    Clinical, Journal:  Investigation of an outbreak of Elizabethkingia meningoseptica on a pediatric intensive care unit. (Pubmed Central) -  Jun 12, 2021   
    Resistance was found to the relatively new antibiotics ceftaroline and ceftazidime-avibactam...Investigation of the outbreak source and continuation of intensive infection control precautions are vital to handle E. meningoseptica outbreaks in PICUs. Using quinolones according to testing results of automated AST systems may lead to inadequate treatment and foster the selection of resistant strains.
  • ||||||||||  Phase classification:  Pharmacokinetic Study of Antiretroviral Drugs and Related Drugs During and After Pregnancy (clinicaltrials.gov) -  Jun 10, 2021   
    P=N/A,  N=1578, Completed, 
    However, in terms of patients' pathological states, international normalized ratio values combined with drugs used were not associated with disease and may only be a reference for bleeding risk. Phase classification: P4 --> P=N/A