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137 Trials |
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137 Trials |  |
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- | Journal: Genomic Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of Clostridioides difficile from Multi-Hospitals in a City in Eastern China. (Pubmed Central) - Jun 5, 2023
All strains were susceptible to metronidazole and vancomycin...ST3 and ST54 can be transmitted through different hospitals. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct further molecular epidemiological monitoring of C. difficile and screening of patients admitted to key departments.
- | Journal: Phenotypic Characteristics and Clonal Relationships of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Isolates in Hospitalized Adults from a Private Center in Lima, Peru. (Pubmed Central) - Jun 5, 2023
Eight different patterns were observed by Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis, only two isolates being clonally identical. The isolation of S. maltophilia in clinical settings requires the implementation of infection prevention measures.
- | levofloxacin / Generic mfg.
Journal: Study effect and mechanism of ofloxacin and levofloxacin on development of Rana nigromaculata tadpoles based on the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis. (Pubmed Central) - Jun 5, 2023
In summary, OFL and LEV regulated the thyroid axis by differential binding to DIO and TSH proteins, thereby exerting differential effects on the thyroid development of tadpoles. Our research is of great significance for comprehensive assessment of chiral antibiotics aquatic ecological risk.
- | Trial completion date, Trial primary completion date: REMAP-CAP: Randomized, Embedded, Multifactorial Adaptive Platform Trial for Community- Acquired Pneumonia (clinicaltrials.gov) - Jun 5, 2023
P3, N=10000, Recruiting, Sponsor: UMC Utrecht
Our research is of great significance for comprehensive assessment of chiral antibiotics aquatic ecological risk. Trial completion date: Dec 2025 --> Feb 2028 | Trial primary completion date: Dec 2023 --> Feb 2026
- | levofloxacin / Generic mfg.
Journal: Changes in the preoperative ocular surface flora with an increase in patient age: A surveillance analysis of bacterial diversity and resistance to fluoroquinolone. (Pubmed Central) - Jun 1, 2023
Gram-positive bacteria in the ocular surface flora (OSF) exhibited gradual changes in diversity and fluoroquinolone resistance with an increase in patient age. It is important to monitor the OSF of the patients before ophthalmologic surgery to prevent refractory ocular postoperative infection.
- | Journal: Burkholderia cepacia infection in children without cystic fibrosis: a clinical analysis of 50 cases. (Pubmed Central) - May 31, 2023
The drug resistance rate of piperacillin-tazobactam, minocycline, aztreonam, cefoperazone-sulbactam and ceftriaxone was higher than 55%...The surveillance of B. cepacia infections including changing epidemiology and increasing resistance of the microorganism is still very important. Treatment with effective antibiotics such as ceftazidime, meropenem, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole is associated with a favorable prognosis.
- | levofloxacin / Generic mfg.
Journal: Biomass derived nitrogen functionalized carbon nanodots for nanomolar determination of levofloxacin in pharmaceutical and water samples. (Pubmed Central) - May 31, 2023
Treatment with effective antibiotics such as ceftazidime, meropenem, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole is associated with a favorable prognosis. The electrode modified with NCNDs has high electrochemical sensing stability (RSD = 1.284
- | Journal: Characterization of multidrug and heavy metal resistance of carbapenemases producing Klebsiella pneumoniae from poultry samples in Bangladesh. (Pubmed Central) - May 30, 2023
The electrode modified with NCNDs has high electrochemical sensing stability (RSD = 1.284 The results of this investigation showed that the high prevalence of multidrug-resistant pathogenic KPN in our chosen geographic location had displayed sensitivity to FOX/PB/Cr/Co, which might be regarded as an alternate treatment to reduce pressure of use on carbapenems.
- | levofloxacin / Generic mfg.
Journal: What was old is new again: Phenotypic screening of a unique fungal library yields pyridoxatin, a promising lead against extensively resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (AB5075). (Pubmed Central) - May 30, 2023
Evaluation of pyridoxatin against A. baumannii (AB5075) in a broth microdilution assay revealed a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 38 ?M, compared to the known antibiotic levofloxacin with MIC of 28 ?M...The findings of this project suggest that pyridoxatin may serve as a lead compound for the development of antimicrobials against A. baumannii. They also demonstrate the value of the phenotypic screening approach employed herein.
- | Journal: Analytical validation of a novel UHPLC-MS/MS method for 19 antibiotics quantification in plasma: Implementation in a LC-MS/MS Kit. (Pubmed Central) - May 29, 2023
The UHPLC-MS/MS method described in this work can be useful for TDM of the reported antimicrobial agents. The analytical protocol is rapid and suitable to be used in routine analysis.
- | levofloxacin / Generic mfg., amikacin sulfate / Generic mfg.
Preclinical, Journal: Whole-genome sequencing and transcriptome-characterized in vitro evolution of aminoglycoside resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. (Pubmed Central) - May 28, 2023
WGS analysis and transcriptional profiling of Mtb strains during evolution revealed that Mtb strains harbouring rrs A1401G have an evolutionary advantage over other drug-resistant strains under the pressure of aminoglycosides because of their ultra-high resistance level and low physiological impact on the strain. The results of this study should advance our understanding of aminoglycoside resistance mechanisms.
- | Journal: Bacterial Skin Microbiota of Seabass from Aegean Fish Farms and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Psychrotrophic Pseudomonas. (Pubmed Central) - May 27, 2023
All strains were susceptible to piperacillin-tazobactam, amikacin, levofloxacin, and tetracycline. Our data provide insight into different bacteria that are prevalent in the skin microbiota of seabass sampled from the Aegean Sea in Turkey, and into the antibiotic resistance of psychrotrophic Pseudomonas spp.
- | Journal: Performance of a Pilot-Scale Continuous Flow Ozone-Based Hospital Wastewater Treatment System. (Pubmed Central) - May 27, 2023
Clarithromycin was more readily removed than the other antimicrobials (81-91%), and no clear removal trend was observed for ampicillin. Our findings provide a better understanding of the environmental management of hospital wastewater and enhance the effectiveness of disinfection wastewater treatment systems at medical facilities for mitigating the discharge of pollutants into aquatic environments.
- | amoxicillin / Generic mfg.
Journal, Adherence: Non-Adherence in Adult Male Patients with Community-Acquired Pneumonia: Relative Forgiveness of Amoxicillin versus Respiratory Fluoroquinolones. (Pubmed Central) - May 27, 2023
However, in regions of elevated MIC for S. pneumoniae AMOX loses its RF, LFX and MOX vs. AMOX, showing higher RF (>1) depending on the CL of patients. These results illustrate the importance of considering the RF of antimicrobial drugs in NAT and provide a framework for further studying its implications for clinical success rates.
- | Journal: Antibiotic resistance characteristics and risk factors analysis of Helicobacter pylori strains isolated from patients in Liaoning Province, an area in North China. (Pubmed Central) - May 26, 2023
The primary resistant rates of LEX, MET, CLA, and AMX were relatively high in Liaoning. Treatment effectiveness improvement could be achieved by prior antimicrobial susceptibility tests before antibiotic prescription.
- | levofloxacin / Generic mfg., erythromycin / Generic mfg., moxifloxacin intravenous / Generic mfg.
Journal: The Formation and Drug Resistance Mechanism of Biofilm for Streptococcus pneumoniae Infection in Severe Respiratory Patients. (Pubmed Central) - May 26, 2023
All strains generated biofilms, and the optical density (OD) value of penicillin MIC ? 0.065 ?g/mL group (0.235
- | piperacillin sodium/tazobactam sodium / Generic mfg., levofloxacin / Generic mfg.
Journal: The Role of MexCD-OprJ and MexEF-OprN Efflux Systems in the Multiple Antibiotic Resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated from Clinical Samples. (Pubmed Central) - May 25, 2023
The study results demonstrated mexE and mexF overexpression as the primary mechanism conferring in the emergence of MDR phenotypes among P. aeruginosa strains. In addition, we also show that piperacillin/tazobactam exhibited a stronger ability in the management of infections caused by MDR P. aeruginosa in this area.
- | levofloxacin / Generic mfg.
Journal: Analytical method for the determination of usually prescribed antibiotics in human nails using UHPLC-MS/MS. Comparison of the efficiency of two extraction techniques. (Pubmed Central) - May 25, 2023
The most commonly found antibiotic was sulfamethoxazole, followed by danofloxacin and levofloxacin. The results demonstrated, on the one hand, the presence of these compounds in the human body and, on the other hand, the suitability of nails as a non-invasive biomarker of exposure.
- | levofloxacin / Generic mfg.
Trial completion date, Trial initiation date, Trial primary completion date: Safety and Efficacy of Levofloxacin for Acute Ischemic Stroke (clinicaltrials.gov) - May 24, 2023
P=N/A, N=100, Not yet recruiting, Sponsor: Yi Yang
The results demonstrated, on the one hand, the presence of these compounds in the human body and, on the other hand, the suitability of nails as a non-invasive biomarker of exposure. Trial completion date: Jun 2024 --> Sep 2024 | Initiation date: Mar 2023 --> Jun 2023 | Trial primary completion date: Mar 2024 --> Jun 2024
- | levofloxacin / Generic mfg.
Trial completion date, Trial initiation date, Trial primary completion date: Safety and Efficacy of Levofloxacin Combined With Intravenous Thrombolysis for Acute Ischemic Stroke (clinicaltrials.gov) - May 24, 2023
P=N/A, N=100, Not yet recruiting, Sponsor: Yi Yang
Trial completion date: Jun 2024 --> Sep 2024 | Initiation date: Mar 2023 --> Jun 2023 | Trial primary completion date: Mar 2024 --> Jun 2024 Trial completion date: May 2024 --> Sep 2024 | Initiation date: Feb 2023 --> Jun 2023 | Trial primary completion date: Feb 2024 --> Jun 2024
- | levofloxacin / Generic mfg.
Journal: Interface engineering-induced perovskite/spinel LaCoO/CoO heterostructured nanocomposites for efficient peroxymonosulfate activation to degrade levofloxacin. (Pubmed Central) - May 22, 2023
By detecting and identifying degradation intermediates, 3 degradation pathways for LEV were investigated. Our work provided profound insights into the design of efficient and long-lasting catalysts for advanced oxidation processes.
- | levofloxacin / Generic mfg., meropenem / Generic mfg.
Journal: Emergence of meropenem and levofloxacin resistance in Burkholderia pseudomallei in Taiwan. (Pubmed Central) - May 22, 2023
Our work provided profound insights into the design of efficient and long-lasting catalysts for advanced oxidation processes. No abstract available
- | levofloxacin / Generic mfg., clindamycin phosphate / Generic mfg., amoxycillin/clavulanate / Generic mfg.
New trial, Head-to-Head: Efficacy of Oral vs IV Antibiotics in the Treatment of Orofacial Osteomyelitis (clinicaltrials.gov) - May 22, 2023
P=N/A, N=100, Recruiting, Sponsor: University of Louisville
- | levofloxacin / Generic mfg.
Journal, Combination therapy: Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activities of Ceragenins Alone and in Combination with Levofloxacin Against Multidrug Resistant Myroides spp. Clinical Isolates from Patients with Urinary Tract Infections. (Pubmed Central) - May 20, 2023
In this study, Myroides spp. were found to be multidrug-resistant and have biofilm forming capacity, and ceragenins CSA-131 and CSA-138 were found to be especially effective on both planktonic and biofilm forms of Myroides spp.
- | Gatiflox (gatifloxacin) / Orient Europharma
Journal: Corticosteroid-Antibiotic Interactions in Bacteria that Cause Corneal Infection. (Pubmed Central) - May 19, 2023
The drug combinations that showed the most stable effects against Pseudomonas aeruginosa was levofloxacin-prednisolone...The cellular concentrations were changed for the gatifloxacin-fluorometholone, moxifloxacin-fluorometholone, tobramycin-dexamethasone, and tobramycin-prednisolone combinations...Prior knowledge of specific antibiotic/corticosteroid interactions provides valuable information to clinical practitioners by combining data on the antibacterial and intracellular uptake effects of their co-administration. When using antibiotics and corticosteroids, drug combinations can be selected by referring to the results of this study.
- | Journal: Use of clinical decision support for antibiotic stewardship in the emergency department and outpatient clinics: An interrupted time-series analysis. (Pubmed Central) - May 19, 2023
Implementing CDS tools was associated with an immediate decrease in azithromycin prescriptions, in both the ED and clinics. CDS may serve as a valuable adjunct to existing antimicrobial stewardship programs.
- | Zavicefta (ceftazidime/avibactam) / Pfizer, AbbVie
Retrospective data, Journal: Ceftazidime/Avibactam, Polymyxin or Tigecycline as a Rescue Strategy for the Treatment of Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in Bloodstream Infection: A Retrospective Cohort Study. (Pubmed Central) - May 18, 2023
CRKP-BSI occurred more frequently in hot weather; however, higher 30-day mortality was associated with cold weather. A randomized trial is needed to confirm these observational results.
- || Taigexyn (nemonoxacin) / TaiGen
Clinical, Retrospective data, Review, Journal: Safety and Efficacy of Nemonoxacin vs Levofloxacin in Patients With Community-Acquired Pneumonia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Control Trials. (Pubmed Central) - May 18, 2023
Furthermore, the adverse effects associated with nemonoxacin are generally mild. Therefore, both the 500 mg and 750 mg dosages of nemonoxacin can be recommended as appropriate antibiotic therapy regimens for the treatment of CAP.
- | methotrexate / Generic mfg.
Journal: Macrophage activation syndrome triggered by methotrexate-related lymphoproliferative disease in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis. (Pubmed Central) - May 18, 2023
Her general condition was improved with MTX withdrawal and 5-day high-dose glucocorticoid administration. Thus, even when the patient was critically ill with MAS, no cytotoxic agents were required to control MTX-LPD.
- | levofloxacin / Generic mfg.
New P3 trial: RCT: Eradication of H. Pylori Infection With Moxifloxacin (clinicaltrials.gov) - May 18, 2023
P3, N=162, Completed, Sponsor: Iyad Naeem Muhammad, PhD
- The Spell Has Been Broken: 5 Year Long Paranoid Delusions Disappear After Curing UTI (Hall B Foyer, Exhibition Level Moscone South) - May 17, 2023 - Abstract #APA2023APA_877;
She was started on LAI Invega and discharged...G may have improved due to her antipsychotics, UTI treatment or both. Here we discuss the challenges of determining the underlying etiology for chronic psychosis in geriatric patients.
- | levofloxacin / Generic mfg.
Journal: Electrochemical monitoring of levofloxacin using a silver nanoparticle-modified disposable device based on a lab-made conductive ink. (Pubmed Central) - May 15, 2023
The method showed a wide linear working range ranging from 0.5 to 50 ?mol L and a detection limit of 68.3 nmol L. Furthermore, the precision was adequate (RSD < 4.7%), while the accuracy was evaluated through spiked samples with percent recovery ranging from 93 to 103%. The sensor was also shown to be selective for LEV against other electroactive antibiotic species, thus demonstrating suitable characteristics for electroanalytical applications.
- || Sirturo (bedaquiline) / J&J, Pharmstandard
Retrospective data, Review, Journal: Evaluation of genetic mutations associated with phenotypic resistance to Fluoroquinolones, Bedaquiline, and Linezolid in clinical Mycobacterium tuberculosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. (Pubmed Central) - May 13, 2023
The mutations detected by rapid molecular assay are correlated with phenotypic resistance to LFX and MFX. The absence of mutation-phenotype associations for BDQ and LZD hindered the development of a rapid molecular assay.
- | levofloxacin / Generic mfg.
Journal: Enhanced alginate-like exopolymers recovery from algal-bacterial aerobic granular sludge: Optimal cultivation condition and contribution of bacteria and microalgae during the transport/storage period. (Pubmed Central) - May 13, 2023
Results from levofloxacin (LVX) exposure and dark condition imply that microalgae contributed more to ALE synthesis in the algal-bacterial granules. This work not only provides a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in ALE biosynthesis but also offers useful guidance for maintaining or improving ALE recovery after algal-bacterial biomass sampling.
- | Preclinical, Journal: Isolation of a foodborne Bacillus cereus strain and its effect on intestinal mucosal immunity-associated factors and gut microbial community in mice (Pubmed Central) - May 12, 2023
On the other hand, the abundance of uncultured_bacterium_f_Enterobacteriaceae, which is an opportunistic pathogen in Proteobacteria and a marker of dysbacteriosis, was significantly increased and was significantly positively correlated with the concentrations of IgM and IgG. These results showed that the pathogenic B. cereus carrying diarrhea type virulence-associated gene can activate the immune system by altering the composition of gut microbiota upon infection.
- | levofloxacin / Generic mfg., tetracycline / Generic mfg.
Journal: Genomic features, antimicrobial susceptibility, and epidemiological insights into Burkholderia cenocepacia clonal complex 31 isolates from bloodstream infections in India. (Pubmed Central) - May 12, 2023
The detection rate of seven classes of antibiotic-related genes in 35 isolates was 35 (100%) for tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, and fluoroquinolones; 26 (74.2%) for sulphonamides and phenicols; 7 (20%) for beta-lactamases; and 1 (2.8%) for trimethoprim resistance genes...Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed that majority of NCF isolates were resistant to chloramphenicol (77%) and levofloxacin (34%)...The study reveals a high diversity of CC31 lineages among B. cenocepacia isolates from India. The extensive information from this study will facilitate the development of rapid diagnostic and novel therapeutic approaches to manage B. cenocepacia infections.
- | Journal: Antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Portuguese environmental Legionella isolates. (Pubmed Central) - May 12, 2023
Interestingly, two phenotypically resistant isolates with high-level quinolone resistance were identified. This is the first time that MIC distributions, lpeAB and tet56 genes have been investigated in Portuguese environmental isolates of Legionella.
- Venclexta (venetoclax) / Roche, AbbVie, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Noxafil (posaconazole) / Merck (MSD), Cresemba (isavuconazonium sulfate) / Astellas, Basilea, Pfizer, Laboratoire Riva, Asahi Kasei
BREAKTHROUGH INVASIVE FUNGAL INFECTION CAUSED BY SCEDOSPORIUM APIOSPERMUM IN PEDIATRIC PATIENT WITH ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA: DIAGNOSTIC, CLINICAL COURSE AND TREATMENT () - May 12, 2023 - Abstract #EHA2023EHA_2896;
Diagnostic sampling, extension study and initiation of empirical antifungal therapy should be performed upon suspicion. Voriconazole has demonstrated activity against S. apiospermum.
- GUIDE PERSONALIZED ANTIBIOTIC STEWARDSHIP FOR PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA BLOODSTREAM INFECTIONS IN AML PATIENTS: BASED ON A MACHINE LEARNING MODEL (Poster area) - May 12, 2023 - Abstract #EHA2023EHA_1905;
The combination therapy and long-course antibiotic treatment were more efficient in this population, which provided evidence-based medical evidence for the clinical practice of whole-course antibiotic stewardship in AML patients complicated with bacteremia. Infection, AML, Immune deficiency
- | levofloxacin / Generic mfg.
Journal: The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on antibiotic consumption and prevalence of pathogens in primary and secondary healthcare settings in Northern Ireland. (Pubmed Central) - May 10, 2023
Infection, AML, Immune deficiency This study provides details of both changes in antibiotic consumption and the prevalence of infections in hospitals and primary care before and during the COVID-19 pandemic that emphasise the importance of antimicrobial stewardship in pandemic situations.
- | Journal: Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis in Female Outpatients, 2017 - 2021. (Pubmed Central) - May 9, 2023
This study provides details of both changes in antibiotic consumption and the prevalence of infections in hospitals and primary care before and during the COVID-19 pandemic that emphasise the importance of antimicrobial stewardship in pandemic situations. Tetracyclines and josamycin were the best antibiotics for most mycoplasma-infected patients.
- Cayston (aztreonam lysine) / Gilead
In vitro efficacy of inhalative antibiotics against Pseudomonas aeruginosa using artificial sputum medium (Poster Area) - May 9, 2023 - Abstract #ECFS2023ECFS_513;
Most commonly, inhalative antibiotics (tobramycin, colistin, aztreonam lysine, levofloxacin), that generate high local concentrations with low systemic drug concentrations and low systemic side effects, are used. Using artificial sputum medium levofloxacin was the most active antipseudomonal agent with a high killing activity for all P. aeruginosa isolates tested.
- levofloxacin / Generic mfg.
In vitro evolution of levofloxacin resistance in lineages of clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates cultured at different stages of infection from people with cystic fibrosis (Poster Area) - May 9, 2023 - Abstract #ECFS2023ECFS_477;
LVX resistance is readily inducible in genotypically similar Pa lineages from different stages of infection. These findings suggest that isolates from initial, intermediate and chronic infections adapt similarly to LVX treatment.
- Trikafta (elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor) / Vertex
The impact of elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor on adherence to inhaled medication in adults with cystic fibrosis: a 3-centre study in Greece (Poster Area) - May 9, 2023 - Abstract #ECFS2023ECFS_438;
Adherence data on dornase-?, tobramycin, colistin, aztreonam and levofloxacin during the year on ETI, i.e. June 1st, 2021- May 31st 2022 were compared to data during the year June 1st 2019 -May 31st 2020, before ETI initiation. 38 women and 33 men, 46 F508del homozygotes and 25 heterozygotes - mean age 31.8
- | levofloxacin / Generic mfg., tetracycline / Generic mfg., amoxicillin / Generic mfg.
New trial: Efficacies of Tetracycline-levofloxacin, Standard Bismuth, Amoxicillin-levofloxacin Quadruple Therapy for H.p (clinicaltrials.gov) - May 8, 2023
P=N/A, N=240, Recruiting, Sponsor: Kaohsiung Medical University
- | levofloxacin / Generic mfg.
Retrospective data, Journal: Retrospective analysis of risk factors for levofloxacin-induced liver injury. (Pubmed Central) - May 8, 2023
Possible treatment with alternative drugs should be considered in male patients with elevated C-reactive protein and haemoglobin levels. Moreover, close monitoring of liver function tests when levofloxacin is administered may prevent the development and severity of DILI.
- | dexamethasone / Generic mfg., levofloxacin / Generic mfg.
Journal: Hyaluronic acid - PVA films for the simultaneous delivery of dexamethasone and levofloxacin to ocular tissues. (Pubmed Central) - May 8, 2023
Films, prepared in an easy and scalable method, demonstrated high loading capacity, controlled drug release and the capability to deliver dexamethasone and levofloxacin to the cornea and across the sclera, to potentially target also the posterior eye segment. Overall, this device can be considered a multipurpose delivery platform intended for the concomitant release of lipophilic and hydrophilic drugs.
- | Journal: The problem of formation of new risks of medicinal resistance of patients with tuberculosis in condition of active use of antibiotics by population under COVID-19 (Pubmed Central) - May 6, 2023
The study results imply alarming scenario of medication resistance shifts towards very virulent and highly medication-resistant genotypes. This trend can result in conditions of successful transmission of deadly medication-resistant mutants that can seriously undermine effectiveness of implemented programs of struggle with tuberculosis worldwide.
- | levofloxacin / Generic mfg.
Journal: Evaluation of Gene Expression of norA and norB Gene in Ciproflaxin and Levofloxacin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. (Pubmed Central) - May 5, 2023
The research study discovered that efflux pump genes play a crucial role in ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin resistance. Also, when employed as a housekeeping gene in gene expression, the 16S rRNA gene produced excellent results.
- | Journal: Interpretation of Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Using European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) and Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) Breakpoints: Analysis of Agreement. (Pubmed Central) - May 4, 2023
Also, when employed as a housekeeping gene in gene expression, the 16S rRNA gene produced excellent results. amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, cefazolin, ceftriaxone, cefuroxime, cefixime, aztreonam, meropenem, gentamicin, amikacin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, norfloxacin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and fosfomycin)