Imlygic (talimogene laherparepvec) / Amgen 
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  • ||||||||||  Opdivo (nivolumab) / Ono Pharma, BMS
    Journal, PD(L)-1 Biomarker, IO biomarker:  What is new in the diagnosis and therapy of malignant melanoma? (Pubmed Central) -  Apr 13, 2021   
    Significant progress has also been made in the treatment of patients with cerebral melanoma metastasis since studies indicate that both BRAF/MEK inhibitors and the immunotherapy with CTLA4 and PD-1 inhibitors are efficient in this group of patients. With this wide range of possible systemic therapies for advanced melanoma further studies regarding therapy sequence, combinations between targeted therapies and immunotherapy as well as biomarkers for treatment response are needed to help guide physicians find the optimal therapy for patients with advanced malignant melanoma.
  • ||||||||||  Imlygic (talimogene laherparepvec) / Amgen
    [VIRTUAL] Recurrent melanoma treated with talimogene laherparepvec in combination with radiation therapy: a case report () -  Apr 10, 2021 - Abstract #AADVMX2021AAD_VMX_875;    
    There is limited literature concerning the management of advanced melanoma with T-VEC in combination with radiation, and this case demonstrates its utility clinically and supports the synergistic effects seen in mouse models [2]. This patient’s impressive improvement highlights the utility of TVEC and radiation as a valuable treatment option that Dermatologists and Oncologists should consider in the setting of advanced localized disease as an alternative or adjuvant to surgical intervention, and especially in unresectable localized recurrent melanomas.
  • ||||||||||  Imlygic (talimogene laherparepvec) / Amgen
    Journal, IO biomarker:  Novel transcription regulatory sequences and factors of the immune evasion protein ICP47 (US12) of herpes simplex viruses. (Pubmed Central) -  Apr 10, 2021   
    This patient’s impressive improvement highlights the utility of TVEC and radiation as a valuable treatment option that Dermatologists and Oncologists should consider in the setting of advanced localized disease as an alternative or adjuvant to surgical intervention, and especially in unresectable localized recurrent melanomas. Our findings have important implication to HSV biology, infection, immunity and oHSVs.
  • ||||||||||  Imlygic (talimogene laherparepvec) / Amgen
    Review, Journal:  Talimogene Laherparepvec (T-VEC): An Intralesional Cancer Immunotherapy for Advanced Melanoma. (Pubmed Central) -  Apr 7, 2021   
    In fact, despite improved local disease control and a trend toward superior overall survival in respect to the comparator GM-CSF (which was injected subcutaneously daily for two weeks), responses as a single agent therapy have been uncommon in patients with visceral metastases. For this reason, T-VEC is currently being evaluated in combinations with other immune checkpoint inhibitors such as ipilimumab and pembrolizumab, with interesting confirmation of activity even systemically.
  • ||||||||||  Opdivo (nivolumab) / Ono Pharma, BMS
    Review, Journal:  Systemic Therapy of Metastatic Melanoma: On the Road to Cure. (Pubmed Central) -  Apr 7, 2021   
    Today, novel combinations of such immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are under investigation, for example with cytokines and oncolytic viruses (i.e., pegylated interleukin-2, talimogene laherparepvec)...Several studies focus particularly on poor prognosis patients, as e.g., on anti-PD-1 refractory melanoma, patients with brain metastases, or uveal melanoma. It is hoped, on the road to cure, that these new approaches further improve long term survival in patients with advanced or metastatic melanoma.
  • ||||||||||  Journal:  The Rapid Development and Early Success of Covid 19 Vaccines Have Raised Hopes for Accelerating the Cancer Treatment Mechanism. (Pubmed Central) -  Apr 7, 2021   
    An example of an anti-idiotype antibody is Racotumomab or Vaxira (Cancer, 2016)...There are currently FDA-approved products for helping cancer treatment such as BREYANZI, TECARTUS and YESCARTA for lymphoma, IMLYGIC for melanoma, KYMRIAH for acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and PROVENGE for prostate cancer...The current pandemic situation has necessitated the acceleration of Covid 19 vaccines and drugs and national and international protocols for their approval. If the currently produced vaccines can continue to be as successful as the preclinical and early phase studies, these changes and evolution have raised hopes for accelerating the use of these technologies and mechanisms in the field of cancer and other diseases vaccines, including HIV and influenza.
  • ||||||||||  Imlygic (talimogene laherparepvec) / Amgen
    Trial completion date, Trial primary completion date, Metastases:  T-VEC in Non-melanoma Skin Cancer (clinicaltrials.gov) -  Mar 19, 2021   
    P1,  N=20, Recruiting, 
    Trial completion date: Jul 2024 --> Feb 2024 | Trial primary completion date: Jan 2022 --> Aug 2021 Trial completion date: Dec 2020 --> Feb 2022 | Trial primary completion date: Feb 2020 --> Feb 2022
  • ||||||||||  Imlygic (talimogene laherparepvec) / Amgen
    Trial completion date, Trial primary completion date, Metastases:  Study of Talimogene Laherparepvec In Children With Advanced Non CNS Tumors (clinicaltrials.gov) -  Mar 18, 2021   
    P1,  N=18, Recruiting, 
    Recruiting --> Active, not recruiting | N=20 --> 6 Trial completion date: Dec 2023 --> Jun 2024 | Trial primary completion date: Feb 2022 --> Aug 2022
  • ||||||||||  Imlygic (talimogene laherparepvec) / Amgen, Yervoy (ipilimumab) / Ono Pharma, BMS
    Review, Journal, Oncolytic Virus, Checkpoint inhibition:  Oncolytic Viruses and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: Preclinical Developments to Clinical Trials. (Pubmed Central) -  Mar 5, 2021   
    For this reason, OVs serve as ideal complements to ICIs, and multiple preclinical studies and clinical trials are demonstrating their combined therapeutic efficacy. This review will discuss the merits and limitations of OVs and ICIs as monotherapy then progress onto the preclinical rationale and the results of clinical trials of key combination therapies.
  • ||||||||||  Opdivo (nivolumab) / Ono Pharma, BMS
    Review, Journal, PD(L)-1 Biomarker, IO biomarker:  Overcoming Immune Evasion in Melanoma. (Pubmed Central) -  Mar 5, 2021   
    The proposed mechanism of action and the roles of immunotherapeutic agents, ipilimumab, nivolumab, pembrolizumab, and atezolizumab, adoptive T- cell therapy plus T-VEC in the treatment of advanced melanoma are discussed. In this review, we implore that a better understanding of the steps that mediate melanoma onset and progression, immune evasion strategies exploited by these tumor cells, and the identification of biomarkers to predict treatment response are critical in the design of improved strategies to improve clinical outcomes for patients with this deadly disease.
  • ||||||||||  Imlygic (talimogene laherparepvec) / Amgen
    Review, Journal:  The Current State of Oncolytic Herpes Simplex Virus for Glioblastoma Treatment. (Pubmed Central) -  Mar 5, 2021   
    The recent emergence of immuno-virotherapy and FDA approval of T-VEC have generated a great expectation towards oncolytic herpes simplex viruses (oHSVs) as a promising treatment option for GBM...Here, we revisit the literature to understand the recent advancement of oHSV in the treatment of GBM. In addition, we discuss current obstacles to oHSV-based therapies and possible strategies to overcome these pitfalls.
  • ||||||||||  Imlygic (talimogene laherparepvec) / Amgen
    Review, Journal, Oncolytic Virus:  The Present Status of Immuno-Oncolytic Viruses in the Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer. (Pubmed Central) -  Feb 27, 2021   
    While many vectors have been explored, few show promise as treatment for pancreatic cancer, and fewer still have progressed to clinical trial evaluation. This review outlines recent strategies in the development of OVs targeting treatment of PDAC, current state of preclinical and clinical investigation and application.
  • ||||||||||  Imlygic (talimogene laherparepvec) / Amgen
    Journal:  Viral Nanoparticles: Cancer Vaccines and Immune Modulators. (Pubmed Central) -  Feb 17, 2021   
    This category of viruses, named 'Oncolytic viruses', have been investigated and used for cancer treatment in the past decades resulting in the approval of the first oncolytic virus, a herpes simplex virus expressing a stimulating factor, named T-Vec, in 2015...Viruses experienced then a renaissance not only as infecting agent but as nanoparticle and cancer vaccines too. These strategies bring new life to the concept of using viruses as viral particles for therapeutic applications.
  • ||||||||||  Imlygic (talimogene laherparepvec) / Amgen, Keytruda (pembrolizumab) / Merck (MSD)
    [VIRTUAL] Circulating tumor DNA as a biomarker for treatment response in an advanced Merkel cell carcinoma patient () -  Feb 12, 2021 - Abstract #SID2021SID_444;    
    Our patient is a 70-year-old female whose MCC initially recurred after surgery and progressed on pembrolizumab, with debilitating side effects...As her MCC was extremely aggressive and had recurred shortly after every prior treatment modality, this is a promising outcome. Our pioneer observation underpins future study to ascertain the transformative role of ctDNA in MCC management, including post-operative risk stratification, early detection of relapse, biomarkers for treatment response and prognosis.
  • ||||||||||  Imlygic (talimogene laherparepvec) / Amgen
    Review, Journal, Oncolytic Virus:  From threat to cure: understanding of virus-induced cell death leads to highly immunogenic oncolytic influenza viruses. (Pubmed Central) -  Feb 11, 2021   
    The first oncolytic virus, Talimogene laherparepvec (T-VEC), based on herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1), was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and European Medicines Agency (EMA) in 2015...We discuss strategies for targeting viral replication to cancerous lesions and arming them with immunogenic transgenes. We furthermore describe which modes of cell death are induced by influenza A virus infection and how these insights may be utilized to optimize influenza A virus-based oncolytic virus design.
  • ||||||||||  Imlygic (talimogene laherparepvec) / Amgen
    Trial completion date, Trial primary completion date:  TEMPO: Talimogene Laherparepvec for the Treatment of Peritoneal Surface Malignancies (clinicaltrials.gov) -  Feb 10, 2021   
    P1,  N=24, Recruiting, 
    We furthermore describe which modes of cell death are induced by influenza A virus infection and how these insights may be utilized to optimize influenza A virus-based oncolytic virus design. Trial completion date: Mar 2022 --> Sep 2022 | Trial primary completion date: Mar 2021 --> Sep 2021
  • ||||||||||  Imlygic (talimogene laherparepvec) / Amgen
    Journal, Oncolytic Virus:  Oncolytic Virotherapy Shows Promise for Cutaneous B-cell Lymphoma. (Pubmed Central) -  Jan 31, 2021   
    Advanced stages may be treated with immunotherapy, radiation therapy, a combination of both, and oncolytic viral immunotherapy. T-VEC virotherapy yielded complete responses in injected lesions in 46% of patients in a phase I trial.
  • ||||||||||  Imlygic (talimogene laherparepvec) / Amgen
    Review, Journal, Oncolytic Virus:  Review of Talimogene Laherparepvec (T-VEC): A First in Class Oncolytic Viral Treatment of Advanced Melanoma. (Pubmed Central) -  Jan 23, 2021   
    Phase I to III clinical trials and early real-world experience have demonstrated the efficacy of T-VEC in advanced melanoma as single or combination therapy with tolerable adverse effects. We conclude that with a standardized clinical approach and training, dermatologists can pave the way in using T-VEC and future oncolytic virus therapies in appropriate clinical scenarios.
  • ||||||||||  Imlygic (talimogene laherparepvec) / Amgen, Keytruda (pembrolizumab) / Merck (MSD)
    Journal, Combination therapy, Oncolytic Virus, Checkpoint inhibition:  Combination therapy with oncolytic viruses and immune checkpoint inhibitors. (Pubmed Central) -  Jan 13, 2021   
    We also explore the future directions of this novel combination strategy.Expert opinion: The imminent results of the Phase 3 study combining pembrolizumab with or without T-Vec injection are eagerly awaited. OV/ICI combinations remain one of the most promising avenues to explore in the success of cancer immunotherapy.
  • ||||||||||  Opdivo (nivolumab) / Ono Pharma, BMS
    Clinical, Journal, PD(L)-1 Biomarker, IO biomarker:  An update on the safety of nivolumab for the treatment of advanced melanoma. (Pubmed Central) -  Jan 8, 2021   
    Introduction: Due to its unique mechanism of action as an immune checkpoint inhibitor, nivolumab has high antitumor activity, but at the same time this mechanism is responsible for immune-related adverse events that may limit patients' safety and therapy continuation.Areas covered: Long term safety of nivolumab including 5-year follow-up, safety of nivolumab treatment after ipilimumab therapy, safety of nivolumab in challenging subgroups (elderly, patients with brain metastases, patients with autoimmune disorders), safety of nivolumab in with rare melanoma subtypes (including mucosal melanoma), as well as specificity of AEs reported for nivolumab treatment in melanoma patients in comparison to other cancer types and other immunotherapy molecules, and impact of AEs on response rates and PFS on nivolumab treatment are discussed.Expert opinion: Search for biomarkers that would help us to identify patient populations that may suffer from severe nivolumab toxicity could help in selecting patients that should not be treated with this type of therapy. Novel combinations and immunotherapy drugs including use of NKTR-214 (IL-2 pathway), lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (LAG-3), local injections of talimogene laherparepvec (T-VEC) or systemic use of T-cell receptors agonists such as OX40, CD137, ICOS-1, could provide regimens with limited toxicity and higher activity.
  • ||||||||||  Imlygic (talimogene laherparepvec) / Amgen, Tecentriq (atezolizumab) / Roche
    Trial primary completion date, PD(L)-1 Biomarker:  PROMETEO: Combination of Talimogene Laherparepvec With Atezolizumab in Early Breast Cancer (clinicaltrials.gov) -  Jan 6, 2021   
    P1,  N=30, Recruiting, 
    Novel combinations and immunotherapy drugs including use of NKTR-214 (IL-2 pathway), lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (LAG-3), local injections of talimogene laherparepvec (T-VEC) or systemic use of T-cell receptors agonists such as OX40, CD137, ICOS-1, could provide regimens with limited toxicity and higher activity. Trial primary completion date: Nov 2020 --> Dec 2021
  • ||||||||||  Imlygic (talimogene laherparepvec) / Amgen
    Clinical, Journal:  Assessment of Image-Guided Intratumoral Delivery of Immunotherapeutics in Patients With Cancer. (Pubmed Central) -  Dec 30, 2020   
    Image-guided biopsies and intratumoral injections of immunotherapies across several clinical trials as well as standard of care talimogene laherparepvec therapy...Performing physicians should have the necessary safeguards in place to respond as needed. Optimal methods for intratumoral drug delivery remain unresolved, and efforts to standardize drug delivery techniques are required.
  • ||||||||||  Imlygic (talimogene laherparepvec) / Amgen
    Preclinical, Journal:  Oncolytic effects of the recombinant Newcastle disease virus, rAF-IL12, against colon cancer cells in vitro and in tumor-challenged NCr-Foxn1nu nude mice. (Pubmed Central) -  Dec 30, 2020   
    Alternative modalities such as the use of viral-based therapeutic cancer vaccine is still limited, with only the herpes simplex virus (HSV) expressing granulocyte-macrophage colony- stimulating factor (GM-CSF) or talimogene laherparepvec (T-Vec) being approved in the USA and Europe so far...Besides, rAF-IL12 intra-tumoral delivery was considered safe and was not hazardous to the host as evidenced in pathophysiology of the normal tissues and organs of the mice as well as from the serum biochemistry profile of liver and kidney. Therefore, this study proves that rAF-IL12 had better cytotoxicity effects than its parental AF2240-i and could potentially be an ideal treatment for colon cancer in the near future.
  • ||||||||||  Imlygic (talimogene laherparepvec) / Amgen, Glybera (alipogene tiparvovec) / uniQure, Chiesi, Xenon
    Journal:  Engineering HSV-1 Vectors for Gene Therapy. (Pubmed Central) -  Dec 3, 2020   
    Virus vectors have been employed as gene transfer vehicles for various preclinical and clinical gene therapy applications and with the approval of Glybera (Alipogene tiparvovec) as the first gene therapy product as a standard medical treatment (Yla-Herttuala, Mol Ther 20:1831-1832, 2013), gene therapy has reached the status of being a part of standard patient care...In fact, Imlygic (T-VEC, Talimogene laherparepvec, formerly known as OncoVex GM-CSF), displayed efficacy in a recent Phase-III trial when compared to standard GM-CSF treatment alone (Andtbacka et al., J Clin Oncol 31:sLBA9008, 2013), and has since become the first FDA-approved viral gene therapy product used in standard patient care (October 2015) (Pol et al., Oncoimmunology 5:e1115641, 2016)...Research during the last decade on the development of HSV vectors has resulted in the engineering of recombinant vectors that are completely replication defective, nontoxic, and capable of long-term transgene expression in neurons. This chapter describes methods for the construction of recombinant genomic HSV vectors based on the HSV-1 replication-defective vector backbones, steps in their purification, and their small-scale production for use in cell culture experiments as well as preclinical animal studies.
  • ||||||||||  Imlygic (talimogene laherparepvec) / Amgen
    Clinical, Review, Journal, Oncolytic Virus:  HSV-1 Oncolytic Viruses from Bench to Bedside: An Overview of Current Clinical Trials. (Pubmed Central) -  Dec 2, 2020   
    Successful clinical data resulted in the FDA-approval of the oHSV talimogene laherparepvec (T-Vec) in 2015, and several other variants are currently undergoing clinical assessment and may expand the landscape of future oncologic therapy options. This review offers a detailed overview of the latest results from clinical trials as well as an outlook on newly developed HSV-1 oncolytic variants with improved tumor selectivity, replication, and immunostimulatory capacity and related clinical studies.