- |||||||||| Journal, Monotherapy: Risk of Major Congenital Malformations and Exposure to Antiseizure Medication Monotherapy. (Pubmed Central) - Mar 18, 2024
Prevalence of MCMs was higher with phenytoin, valproate, carbamazepine, and phenobarbital, and dose dependent for the latter 3 ASMs. The shift in exposure pattern over time with a declining exposure to valproate and carbamazepine and greater use of lamotrigine and levetiracetam was associated with a 39% decline in prevalence of MCMs, a finding that has major public health implications.
- |||||||||| Journal: Prenatal exposure to antiseizure medications and fetal growth: a population-based cohort study from the Nordic countries. (Pubmed Central) - Mar 13, 2024
Prenatal exposure to carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine, clonazepam, and topiramate was associated with increased risk of being born small for gestational age in both the overall population and in children of women with epilepsy suggesting that prenatal exposure to these drugs is associated with fetal growth restriction. The NordForsk Nordic Program on Health and Welfare (83539), the Independent Research Fund Denmark (1133-00026B), the Danish Epilepsy Association, the Central Denmark Region, the Novo Nordisk Foundation (NNF16OC0019126 and NNF22OC0075033), and the Lundbeck Foundation (R400-2022-1205).
- |||||||||| levetiracetam low dose (AGB101) / AgeneBio
Enrollment closed, Trial completion date, Trial primary completion date: Low vs. Standard Daily Doses of Antiepileptic Drugs in Newly Diagnosed, Previously Untreated Epilepsy(STANDLOW) (clinicaltrials.gov) - Mar 12, 2024
P4, N=374, Active, not recruiting,
The NordForsk Nordic Program on Health and Welfare (83539), the Independent Research Fund Denmark (1133-00026B), the Danish Epilepsy Association, the Central Denmark Region, the Novo Nordisk Foundation (NNF16OC0019126 and NNF22OC0075033), and the Lundbeck Foundation (R400-2022-1205). Unknown status --> Active, not recruiting | Trial completion date: Dec 2021 --> Aug 2024 | Trial primary completion date: Jul 2021 --> Jun 2024
- |||||||||| lacosamide / Generic mfg., levetiracetam / Generic mfg., oxcarbazepine / Generic mfg.
Seizures in the Leukodystrophies (Colorado Convention Center | Exhibit Hall B-E) - Mar 8, 2024 - Abstract #AAN2024AAN_3442;
Abnormal MRI brain and generalized slowing on EEG are widespread in this cohort and do not confer increased seizure risk. Patients with generalized discharges have higher risk of seizures compared with focal discharges.
- |||||||||| Fycompa (perampanel) / Eisai, Catalyst Pharma, VS-5095 / Verastem
Sex Steroid Hormone Serum Concentrations in Pregnant Women with Epilepsy in MONEAD (Colorado Convention Center | 708/710/712) - Mar 8, 2024 - Abstract #AAN2024AAN_2940;
However, estrone concentrations were lower in the second and third trimesters. Future studies will include investigation of potential implications for maternal and child outcomes.
- |||||||||| lamotrigine liquid oral suspension / OWP Pharma
That Tickles!: A New Type of Reflex Epilepsy (Colorado Convention Center | Exhibit Hall B-E) - Mar 8, 2024 - Abstract #AAN2024AAN_2502;
The pathophysiology of "tickling" epilepsy is unknown. Behavior modification may be a necessary intervention to avoid seizures.
- |||||||||| Reimbursement, US reimbursement, Journal, Claims database: Comparing the efficacy of anti-seizure medications using matched cohorts on a large insurance claims database. (Pubmed Central) - Feb 28, 2024
However, we note that our data set for this study only used insurance claims events, which does not comprise actual seizure frequencies, nor a clear picture of side effects. Our results do not advocate for any change in practice but demonstrate that conclusions from large databases may differ from and supplement those of randomized trials and clinical practice and therefore may guide further investigation.
- |||||||||| lamotrigine liquid oral suspension / OWP Pharma
Review, Journal: SUNCT, SUNA and short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks: Debates and an update. (Pubmed Central) - Feb 28, 2024
Our results do not advocate for any change in practice but demonstrate that conclusions from large databases may differ from and supplement those of randomized trials and clinical practice and therefore may guide further investigation. Recent advances in the understanding of SUNHA have improved the recognition and treatment approaches for this unique condition.
- |||||||||| Toll-like receptor-mediated inflammatory disease therapy / Pfizer, Opsona, Saphnelo (anifrolumab) / AstraZeneca, Tavalisse (fostamatinib) / Rigel
B cell, T cell, cytotoxic/NK cell, and mitochondrial gene dysregulation patterns separate neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus patients into two distinct subgroups with differential anticipated response to targeted therapies (Concert Hall) - Feb 25, 2024 - Abstract #LUPUS2024LUPUS_50;
Conclusion In this cohort of SLE patients of European origin, B cell, T cell, cytotoxic/NK cell, and mitochondrial gene dysregulation patterns separated active CNS lupus patients into two distinct subgroups with differential anticipated response to type I interferon and calcineurin inhibition. Our study provides a conceptual framework for precision medicine in CNS lupus.
- |||||||||| oxcarbazepine / Generic mfg.
Biomarker, Journal: Pharmacogenetics and Oxcarbazepine in Children and Adolescents: Beyond HLA-B*15:02. (Pubmed Central) - Feb 24, 2024
While preemptive genetic testing for HLA-B*15:02 in individuals of Asian ancestry is recommended to prevent severe hypersensitivity reactions to oxcarbazepine, oxcarbazepine concentrations and AKR1C variation may contribute to the risk of severe adverse reactions. We provide recommendations for future study to elucidate whether these individual factors are important for reducing the risk of severe adverse events.
- |||||||||| olanzapine / Generic mfg., bupropion / Generic mfg., oxcarbazepine / Generic mfg.
A Case of Critical Bupropion, Olanzapine, and Oxcarbazepine Overdose (San Diego Convention Center, Area K (Hall H, Ground Level)) - Feb 20, 2024 - Abstract #ATS2024ATS_5987;
Urine toxicology study showed positive amphetamine and phencyclidine, and serum was negative for ethanol, acetaminophen, and salicylate...Patient was started on multiple doses activated charcoal (MDAC) and full bowel irrigation, and midazolam was started for sedation to lower seizure threshold...ACLS was started and epinephrine, sodium bicarbonate, magnesium, and calcium chloride were given, with return of pulses after 3 minutes...The early use of MDAC and full bowel irrigation prevents absorption of potential life-threatening ingestions, enhance elimination of long-active bupropion XL and hepatic recirculation of anti-epileptics...Therefore, sodium bicarbonate is not an effective antidote. Early toxicology consultation improves clinical outcomes.
- |||||||||| lithium carbonate ER / Generic mfg.
Trial termination, HEOR: Longitudinal Comparative Effectiveness of Bipolar Disorder Therapies (clinicaltrials.gov) - Feb 15, 2024
P=N/A, N=1037352, Terminated,
Early toxicology consultation improves clinical outcomes. Completed --> Terminated; Per PI, this study is not a clinical trial and was inadvertently entered in the system
- |||||||||| oxcarbazepine / Generic mfg.
Journal: Association of oxcarbazepine concentration with seizure frequency in pregnant women with epilepsy. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 18, 2024
Lower RTC_OXC was identified to be a risk factor for increasing seizure frequency in both the total group and the non-seizure-free group in both univariate and multivariate analysis, with a threshold of 0.575 for differentiating patients at high-risk and low-risk for seizure deterioration. In conclusion, this study suggested an OXC concentration threshold of 0.575 during pregnancy for assisting neurologists in OXC drug monitoring and dose adaptation.
- |||||||||| lamotrigine liquid oral suspension / OWP Pharma
Review, Journal: Issues of Women with Epilepsy and Suitable Antiseizure Drugs. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 15, 2024
However, no single ASD is considered ideal for childbearing WWE. Lamotrigine and levetiracetam are relatively more suitable options for this situation.
- |||||||||| clobazam / Generic mfg., oxcarbazepine / Generic mfg.
Diagnosis of Au Kline Syndrome in a Fetus with Lower Urinary Tract Obstruction: Case Report and Literature Review (MTCC - Exhibit Halls DE) - Jan 10, 2024 - Abstract #ACMG2024ACMG_860;
To our knowledge, this is just the second reported case of AKS with fetal LUTO and NIHS and, the first case with both findings in the same fetus. With whole exome sequencing becoming more accessible in the evaluation of fetal congenital anomalies, recognition of prenatal findings and earlier diagnosis of syndromes typically not suspected until childhood is possible.
- |||||||||| carbamazepine / Generic mfg., oxcarbazepine / Generic mfg.
Journal: Integrative analysis of rs717620 polymorphism in therapeutic response to anti-seizure medications. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 9, 2024
Further analysis revealed that rs717620 regulates the expression of ABCC2 in human brain, while drug-gene interaction analysis suggested that ABCC2 interacts with oxcarbazepine and carbamazepine. The rs717620 polymorphism influences ASM therapeutic responses by altering brain expression levels of ABCC2.
- |||||||||| Clinical data, Preclinical, Review, Journal: Caffeine and Its Interactions with Antiseizure Medications-Is There a Correlation between Preclinical and Clinical Data? (Pubmed Central) - Dec 27, 2023
Experimental studies reveal that caffeine (trimethylxanthine) at subconvulsive doses, distinctly reduced the anticonvulsant activity of numerous antiseizure medications (ASMs) in rodents, oxcarbazepine, tiagabine and lamotrigine being the exceptions...ASMs vulnerable to caffeine in experimental models of seizures encompass carbamazepine, phenobarbital, phenytoin, valproate, gabapentin, levetiracetam, pregabalin and topiramate...A question arises why large clinical studies failed to confirm the results of experimental and case-report studies. A possibility exists that the proportion of patients taking ASMs resistant to caffeine may be significant and such patients may be sufficiently protected against the negative activity of caffeine.
- |||||||||| Journal: Simple HPLC-UV Method for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of 12 Antiepileptic Drugs and Their Main Metabolites in Human Plasma. (Pubmed Central) - Dec 9, 2023
It showed to be selective, accurate, precise, and linear over the concentration ranges of 1-50 mg/L for phenobarbital, phenytoin, levetiracetam, rufinamide, zonisamide, and lacosamide; 0.5-50 mg/L for lamotrigine, primidone, carbamazepine and 10-monohydroxycarbazepine; 0.2-10 mg/L for carbamazepine metabolites: 10,11-trans-dihydroxy-10,11-dihydrocarbamazepine and carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide; 0.1-10 mg/L for oxcarbazepine; 2-100 mg/L for felbamate and 3-150 mg/L for ethosuximide. The suitability of the validated method for routine therapeutic drug monitoring was confirmed by quantification of the analytes in plasma samples from patients with epilepsy on combination antiepileptic therapy.
- |||||||||| Review, Journal, Adverse events: Priapism associated with anti-seizure medications: a pharmacovigilance study and a review of published cases. (Pubmed Central) - Dec 8, 2023
We also found published cases of priapism for pregabalin and phenytoin in the literature and FAERS, and at least one reported adverse event of priapism in FAERS for clonazepam, lacosamide, ethosuximide, oxcarbazepine and vigabatrin in which they were considered primary suspect. Our study identified signals for priapism for several anti-seizure medications, but these results need to be confirmed in well-designed pharmacoepidemiological studies.
- |||||||||| Xcopri (cenobamate) / SK Bio, Angelini Group, Endo
Preclinical, Journal, Reflex: Cenobamate enhances the anticonvulsant effect of other antiseizure medications in the DBA/2 mouse model of reflex epilepsy. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 30, 2023
CNB, at 5 mg/kg, enhanced the antiseizure activity of ASMs, such as diazepam, clobazam, levetiracetam, perampanel, phenobarbital, topiramate, and valproate...The increase in antiseizure activity was associated with a comparable intensification in motor impairment; however, the therapeutic index of combined treatment of ASMs with CNB was more favorable than the combination with vehicle except for carbamazepine, phenytoin, and oxcarbazepine...Overall, this study shows the ability of CNB to counteract generalized reflex seizures in mice. Moreover, our data documented an evident synergistic antiseizure effect for the combination of CNB with ASMs including phenobarbital, benzodiazepines, valproate, perampanel, topiramate, and levetiracetam.
- |||||||||| Xcopri (cenobamate) / SK Bio, Angelini Group, Endo, Aptiom (eslicarbazepine) / Sumitomo Pharma, BIAL
Retrospective data, Review, Journal: The extent of CYP3A Induction by Antiseizure Medications: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 28, 2023
When possible, ASM classification as inducers should apply cutoff values tailored to the outcome. Prescribers should monitor plasma concentrations or clinical effects of CYP3A substrates and consider selecting concomitant medications accordingly.
- |||||||||| phenytoin / Generic mfg., levetiracetam / Generic mfg., oxcarbazepine / Generic mfg.
Journal, Adverse events, Adverse drug reaction: Analysis of Adverse Drug Reactions in Pediatric Patients with Epilepsy: An Intensive Pharmacovigilance Study. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 25, 2023
The risk analysis showed an association between belonging to the younger groups and polytherapy with ADR presence and between polytherapy and malnutrition with severe ADRs. In addition, most of the severe ADRs were preventable, and most of the nonsevere ADRs were nonpreventable.
- |||||||||| sodium valproate / Generic mfg., amlodipine besilate / Generic mfg., oxcarbazepine / Generic mfg.
Journal: Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in a patient with late postpartum eclampsia. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 18, 2023
If adequate treatment is provided in a timely manner, most women will make a full recovery. Attention needs to be paid to timely and adequate treatment, as well as appropriate follow-up and support for patients with PRES.
- |||||||||| carbamazepine / Generic mfg., oxcarbazepine / Generic mfg.
Biomarker, Retrospective data, Journal: Pharmacogenetics to prevent hypersensitivity reactions to antiepileptic drugs: is testing performed when indicated? (Pubmed Central) - Nov 15, 2023
Notably, pharmacogenetic results were not discretely entered into the EHR, and the results were only found as attached documents in the miscellaneous section of the EHR. There remains a significant opportunity for improving HLA-B*15:02 pre-screening for patients starting carbamazepine and oxcarbazepine to prevent SCARs in the USA.
- |||||||||| sodium valproate / Generic mfg., levetiracetam / Generic mfg., oxcarbazepine / Generic mfg.
Biomarker, Journal: Validity of Serum Zinc/Copper Ratio as a Potential Novel Biomarker in Childhood Epilepsy. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 14, 2023
0.7826 in distinguishing pharmacoresistant epilepsy, it produced 52% sensitivity, 64% specificity with AUC = 0.576 Low zinc and high copper levels were associated with childhood epilepsy especially those with pharmacoresistant type and treated with Oxcarbazepine. Zinc/copper ratio might be a potential biomarker in diagnosing childhood epilepsy and to some extent in predicting pharmacoresistant type.
- |||||||||| Tectin (tetrodotoxin) / CK Life Sci
Retrospective data, Journal, Metastases: Effect of Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel Inhibitors on the Metastatic Behavior of Prostate Cancer Cells: A Meta-Analysis. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 12, 2023
In experiments using licensed inhibitors Lamotrigine, Oxcarbazepine, Phenytoin, Ranolazine, Riluzole and Lidocaine, the g value was 1.37 (95 % CI = 2.02-0.71)...<b></b> Meta-analysis confirmed that VGSCs are an enhancing factor in the metastasis of PCa cells. The VGSCs appear to be an important target in the diagnosis and development of new treatment options in PCa.
- |||||||||| Journal, Monotherapy, Real-world evidence, Real-world: Anti-Seizure Monotherapy and Early Abortion Under Real-World Conditions. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 10, 2023
Although the sample size of our study was small, these results indicate that the use of anti-seizure monotherapy in pregnant epilepsy patients may not increase the risk of early miscarriage. Larger prospective studies are needed for sufficient statistical analysis.
- |||||||||| lacosamide / Generic mfg., oxcarbazepine / Generic mfg.
Journal: Analysis of the efficacy and influencing factors of sodium channel blockers in the treatment of focal epilepsy in infants under 6 months of age (Pubmed Central) - Oct 29, 2023
There were 9 cases of rash, which subsided in 6 cases after discontinuing oxcarbazepine and switching to lacosamide, and 7 cases of electrocardiogram abnormalities, which improved after withdrawing oxcarbazepine and changing to lacosamide in 1 case. SCB are effective and tolerable in the treatment of focal epilepsy in infants under 6 months of age, with better efficacy in patients with genetic variants of the sodium or potassium channel, focal seizures only, and seizure onset >3-6 months of age.
- |||||||||| vixotrigine (BIIB074) / Biogen, GSK
Review, Journal: Therapeutic Approach for Trigeminal Neuralgia: A Systematic Review. (Pubmed Central) - Oct 28, 2023
Carbamazepine and oxcarbazepine continue to be the first choice for medication for classical TN...Drug combinations using carbamazepine, baclofen, gabapentin, ropivacaine, tizanidine, and pimozide can yield satisfactory results and improve the tolerance to the treatment...Proparacaine, dextromethorphan, and tocainide were reported to be inappropriate for treating TN...New research on other drugs, combination therapies, and newer formulations, such as vixotrigine, is awaited. There is conclusive evidence for the efficacy of pharmacological drugs in the treatment of TN.
- |||||||||| topiramate / Generic mfg.
PK/PD data, Journal: Population pharmacokinetics of topiramate in Chinese children with epilepsy. (Pubmed Central) - Sep 18, 2023
The clearance of topiramate in pediatric patients with epilepsy may be subject to the influence of factors such as body weight, co-administration with oxcarbazepine, and genetic polymorphism. In this study, PPK models were developed to better understand and account for these factors, thereby improving the precision and individualization of topiramate therapy in children with epilepsy.
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