linagliptin / Generic mfg. 
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  • ||||||||||  Immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy and psoriasis: a case series (Lomond) -  Jun 23, 2022 - Abstract #BAD2022BAD_173;    
    Five patients were on single programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) agents and one was on a combination PD-1 and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 agents [pembrolizumab (n = 4), nivolumab and ipilimumab (n = 1) and durvalumab (n = 1)] at the time of presentation...The patient with NSCLC also went on to develop biopsy-proven bullous pemphigoid 4 months after the psoriasis flare (of note, he was also on linagliptin, which was subsequently stopped)...Two patients required second-line treatments; the patient with rupioid psoriasis was successfully treated with phototherapy TL01 (27 treatments) and the other patient was commenced on acitretin, which made his skin worse; he subsequently responded to third-line apremilast. CPI-induced psoriasis is a relatively rare cutaneous irAE...Other treatment modalities, including phototherapy and apremilast, should be considered. Recognizing skin toxicity in patients on CPIs promptly with referral to dermatology is essential to optimize management and improve patient outcomes and tumour responses.
  • ||||||||||  Tradjenta (linagliptin) / Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly
    Journal:  In silico proteolysis and molecular interaction of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) skin collagen-derived peptides for environmental remediation. (Pubmed Central) -  Jun 22, 2022   
    The methodology includes collagen hydrolysis using BIOPEP, which is the database of bioactive peptides; active peptide selection; toxicity, allergenicity, sensory analysis of active peptides; and binding of active peptides to DPP-IV compared with linagliptin...The obtained data provided preliminary data for further research in the utilization of fish skin waste as a functional compound to treat the type-2 DM patients. Alternatively, this treatment can be synergistically combined with the available antidiabetic drugs to improve the insulin secretion of the type-2 DM patients.
  • ||||||||||  Victoza (liraglutide) / Novo Nordisk, Tradjenta (linagliptin) / Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly
    Journal:  Suppression of angiotensin II-activated NOX4/NADPH oxidase and mitochondrial dysfunction by preserving glucagon-like peptide-1 attenuates myocardial fibrosis and hypertension. (Pubmed Central) -  Jun 22, 2022   
    The area of fibrotic aorta was also reduced (13 ± 6 and 14 ± 5 vs. 38 ± 24 mm in Ang II group), respectively, in coincidence with a significant reduction in mean blood pressure. Taken together, these results suggest that the conservation of GLP-1 level with exogenous supply of liraglutide or the prevention of endogenous degradation of GLP-1 with linagliptin protects against Ang II-induced injury in the heart and aorta, potentially associated with inhibition of NOX4 expression and preservation of mitochondrial integrity.
  • ||||||||||  Nesina (alogliptin) / Takeda
    Journal, Adverse events:  Alogliptin Induced Stomatitis: An Adverse Drug Event Case Report. (Pubmed Central) -  Jun 18, 2022   
    A causality assessment determined alogliptin was a "probable" cause of stomatitis experienced by this patient. This adverse effect has not been reported with alogliptin to the authors' knowledge.
  • ||||||||||  Tradjenta (linagliptin) / Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly
    Preclinical, Journal:  A PPAR-alpha agonist and DPP-4 inhibitor mitigate adipocyte dysfunction in obese mice. (Pubmed Central) -  May 6, 2022   
    This study sought to address whether a combination of the PPAR-alpha agonist (WY14643) and DPP4i (linagliptin) potentiates browning and mitigates adipose tissue dysfunction, emphasizing the pathways related to browning induction and the underlying thermogenesis in high-fat-fed mice...The high expression of thermogenic marker genes parallel to reduced expression of inflammatory and endoplasmic reticulum stress genes mediated the beneficial findings. Hence, the PPAR-alpha agonist and DPP-4i combination is a promising target for obesity control by inducing functional brown adipocytes, browning of sWAT, and enhanced adaptive thermogenesis.
  • ||||||||||  Tradjenta (linagliptin) / Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly
    When Aki is Not Due to Rhabdomyolysis: A Rare Case of Nsaid-Related Rhabdomyolysis (Mini-Orals Hall) -  May 5, 2022 - Abstract #ERAEDTA2022ERA_EDTA_1167;    
    She was a known case of type 2 diabetes that was well controlled by oral hypoglycemic agents (metformin, gliclazide and linagliptin)...Her family also admitted that she has frequently used different NSAIDs (celecoxib, diclofenac and ibuprofen) due to knee pain in the past few weeks...FIGURE 4: Figures 1–4. Pathology images of the patient's renal biopsy showing membranous glomerulonephritis stage 2/4, severe acute tubulointerstitial nephritis, focal global glomerulosclerosis, vascular thickening and about 20% interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy (IFTA).
  • ||||||||||  Tradjenta (linagliptin) / Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly
    Journal:  New quinoxaline compounds as DPP-4 inhibitors and hypoglycemics: design, synthesis, computational and bio-distribution studies. (Pubmed Central) -  May 3, 2022   
    The biological evaluation revealed that most of the new compounds were promising selective dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-4) inhibitors and in vivo hypoglycemic agents utilizing linagliptin as a standard drug...Compound 10a was radiolabeled, forming the I-SQ compound 10a to study the pharmacokinetic profile of this set of compounds. The biodistribution pattern hit the target protein since the tracer accumulated mainly in the visceral organs where DPP-4 is secreted in a high-level, thus with consequent stimulation of insulin secretion, leading to the target hypoglycemic effect.
  • ||||||||||  Tradjenta (linagliptin) / Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly
    Preclinical, Journal:  Neuroprotective effects of linagliptin in a rotenone-induced rat model of Parkinson's disease. (Pubmed Central) -  Apr 20, 2022   
    Furthermore, linagliptin amended alterations induced by rotenone in the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and inflammatory marker such as tumor necrosis factor-α level. The results of the present study indicate the neuroprotective potential of linagliptin for the management of PD might be due to remarkable improvement in motor functions, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and neuroprotective mechanisms.
  • ||||||||||  Tradjenta (linagliptin) / Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly
    The effects of linagliptin in patients with a diagnosis of Cystic Fibrosis-Related Diabetes (ePoster Corner) -  Apr 14, 2022 - Abstract #ECFS2022ECFS_280;    
    The results also show an average reduction in HbA1c by 1.27 mmol/mol. The data also suggests that whilst linagliptin reduces the peaks, variability still exists as the reduction in the coefficient of variation was not statistically significant.Further investigation will continue into these key areas to further understand the effects of linagliptin in this cohort of patients.
  • ||||||||||  Farxiga (dapagliflozin) / Ono Pharma, AstraZeneca
    Journal, HEOR:  Implications and Economic Impact of Applying International Guidelines and Recommendations to the Management of High-Risk Group of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in India. (Pubmed Central) -  Mar 23, 2022   
    Objectives Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors and dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitors are recommended as preferred add-on oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs) after metformin among type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), heart failure (HF), and chronic kidney disease (CKD)...Upon calculating the ICERs, additional cost to prevent one all-cause death with dapagliflozin substitution is INR 660,020-25,384,369; INR 2,223,326 with empagliflozin substitution and INR 8,069,818 with canagliflozin substitution...Incremental costs for various outcomes were higher with the addition of SGLT-2 inhibitors and significantly more if substitution with sitagliptin/linagliptin was also done...Dapagliflozin, being available as cheaper generic versions, appears to be most effective for most outcomes. Interpretations are subjective in terms of value assigned for preventing a major event.
  • ||||||||||  Tradjenta (linagliptin) / Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly
    Journal:  Microalgae as a potential sustainable solution to environment health. (Pubmed Central) -  Mar 16, 2022   
    Moreover, pheophytin, β-carotene and phycocyanobilin were likely to inhibit α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and DPP-IV competitively, while uncompetitively for G6PD. Thus, the integration of molecular docking and experimental approach, such as in vitro and in vivo studies may greatly improve the discovery of true bioactive compounds in cyanobacteria for type 2 diabetes mellitus drugs and treatments.
  • ||||||||||  Tradjenta (linagliptin) / Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly
    Observational data, Journal:  Compliance with the DPP-4 inhibitors dose adjustment recommendations based on renal function in a population database. (Pubmed Central) -  Mar 15, 2022   
    Thus, the integration of molecular docking and experimental approach, such as in vitro and in vivo studies may greatly improve the discovery of true bioactive compounds in cyanobacteria for type 2 diabetes mellitus drugs and treatments. Under real-world clinical practice conditions, more than one third of T2DM patients with advanced renal failure were overdosed with DPP4is because the doses were not adequately adjusted to the glomerular filtration rate of each patient.
  • ||||||||||  Nesina (alogliptin) / Takeda, Tradjenta (linagliptin) / Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, Januvia (sitagliptin) / Merck (MSD)
    Clinical, Journal:  Safety and Efficacy of Long-Term Administration of Dipeptidyl peptidase IV Inhibitors in Patients With New Onset Diabetes After Kidney Transplant. (Pubmed Central) -  Mar 12, 2022   
    Under real-world clinical practice conditions, more than one third of T2DM patients with advanced renal failure were overdosed with DPP4is because the doses were not adequately adjusted to the glomerular filtration rate of each patient. Dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors appear to be a safe, effective, and hypoglycemia-free option fortreatment of new onset diabetes in renaltransplant recipients and possibly provide better diabetes control than insulin therapy.
  • ||||||||||  Tradjenta (linagliptin) / Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly
    Preclinical, Journal:  Linagliptin ameliorates acetic acid-induced colitis via modulating AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α and JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in rats. (Pubmed Central) -  Mar 11, 2022   
    In parallel linagliptin reduced mTOR levels and upregulated expression levels of SHP and MKP-1 which is postulated to mediate AMPK-driven JAK2/STAT3 inhibition. Based on these findings, linagliptin showed promising anti-inflammatory activity against acetic acid-induced colitis that is mainly attributed to the activation of the AMPK-SIRT1-PGC-1α pathway as well as suppression of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway that might be partly mediated through AMPK activation.
  • ||||||||||  Implications and Economic Impact of Applying International Guidelines to the Management of High Risk T2DM Patients in India (In-person & Virtual) -  Mar 8, 2022 - Abstract #ISPOR2022ISPOR_380;    
    OBJECTIVES: SGLT-2i’s and DPP-IVi's are recommended as preferred add-on OAD’s after metformin among T2DM patients with ASCVD, HF, CKD...Upon calculating the ICERs, additional cost to prevent one all cause death with dapagliflozin substitution is INR 37,33,220 - 1,43,58,538.5, INR Rs 22,23,326.09 with empagliflozin substitution, and INR 80,69,818.18 with canagliflozin substitution...Incremental costs for various outcomes were further higher with addition of SGLT-2i’s along with substitution with sitagliptin / linagliptin. The incremental costs of prescribing SGLT-2i’s and DPP-IVi's per event reduction are very high for most outcomes considering Indian socioeconomic context; interpretations are subjective in terms of perceived value of an event prevention.
  • ||||||||||  Tradjenta (linagliptin) / Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly
    Journal:  Linagliptin-induced acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP). (Pubmed Central) -  Mar 3, 2022   
    The incremental costs of prescribing SGLT-2i’s and DPP-IVi's per event reduction are very high for most outcomes considering Indian socioeconomic context; interpretations are subjective in terms of perceived value of an event prevention. No abstract available
  • ||||||||||  Tradjenta (linagliptin) / Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, Gattex (teduglutide) / Takeda, resatorvid (TAK-242) / Takeda, Akaza Bioscience
    Journal:  GLP-2 Is Locally Produced From Human Islets and Balances Inflammation Through an Inter-Islet-Immune Cell Crosstalk. (Pubmed Central) -  Feb 16, 2022   
    Our results reveal intra-islet production of GLP-2 and GLP-2R expression in human islets. Despite no impact on β-cell function, local GLP-2R activation reduced islet inflammation which might be mediated by a crosstalk between endocrine cells and macrophages.
  • ||||||||||  Retrospective data, Review:  Effects of Anti-Diabetic Drugs on Fracture Risk: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis. (Pubmed Central) -  Feb 16, 2022   
    Specifically, trelagliptin raised the risk of fracture, whereas voglibose and albiglutide showed benefit with statistical difference...Some drugs (omarigliptin, sitagliptin, vildagliptin, saxagliptin, empagliflozin, ertugliflozin, rosiglitazone, pioglitazone, and nateglinide) may increase the risk of fracture, while others (such as dulaglutide, exenatide, liraglutide, semaglutide, lixisenatide, linagliptin, alogliptin, canagliflozin, dapagliflozin, glipizide, gliclazide, glibenclamide, glimepiride, metformin, and insulin) may show benefits...When developing individualized treatment strategies, the clinical efficacy of anti-diabetic drugs must be weighed against their benefits and risks brought about by individual differences of patients. This Systematic Review was prospectively registered on the PROSPERO (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, registration number CRD42020189464).
  • ||||||||||  Tradjenta (linagliptin) / Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly
    Trial termination, Real-world evidence, Adherence, Real-world:  Real-world Study Comparing the Adherence and Effectiveness of Linagliptin vs. Acarbose (clinicaltrials.gov) -  Feb 10, 2022   
    P=N/A,  N=85, Terminated, 
    This Systematic Review was prospectively registered on the PROSPERO (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, registration number CRD42020189464). Completed --> Terminated; Study enrollment did not meet expectation.