linagliptin / Generic mfg. 
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  • ||||||||||  Tradjenta (linagliptin) / Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, Jardiance (empagliflozin) / Eli Lilly, Boehringer Ingelheim
    Journal:  Metabolic Analysis and Renal Protective Effects of Linagliptin and Empagliflozin in Alport Syndrome. (Pubmed Central) -  May 23, 2024   
    Renal expression patterns and spatial distribution of several metabolites differ in AS compared to WT mice. While Lina and Empa treatments similarly partially slow the progression of kidney disease in AS, the metabolic mechanisms conferring the protective effect may be different.
  • ||||||||||  Tradjenta (linagliptin) / Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly
    Journal, IO biomarker:  Linagliptin ameliorates tacrolimus-induced renal injury: role of Nrf2/HO-1 and HIF-1?/CTGF/PAI-1. (Pubmed Central) -  May 5, 2024   
    Because of its effectiveness, safety, and tolerability, the fixed-dose combination of dapagliflozin and linagliptin was a better option for treating T2DM patients who had previously only received metformin monotherapy. Lina ameliorated TAC-induced kidney injury through modulation of oxidative stress, hypoxia, and apoptosis related proteins.
  • ||||||||||  Tradjenta (linagliptin) / Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly
    PK/PD data, Preclinical, Journal:  Unveiling Pharmacokinetics and Drug Interaction of Linagliptin and Pioglitazone HCl in Rat Plasma Using LC-MS/MS. (Pubmed Central) -  Apr 29, 2024   
    The linagliptin (LIN) and pioglitazone HCl (PIO) combination, currently undergoing phase III clinical trials for diabetes mellitus treatment, demonstrated significant improvements in glycemic control...Herein, a sensitive reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry method was developed for simultaneous determination of LIN and PIO in rat plasma using alogliptin as an internal standard...Molecular modeling revealed the significant interaction of LIN and PIO with P-glycoprotein. Therefore, the drug-drug interaction between LIN and PIO deserves further study to improve drug therapy and prevent dangerous adverse effects.
  • ||||||||||  Tradjenta (linagliptin) / Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly
    Journal:  Effect of metformin and metformin/linagliptin on gut microbiota in patients with prediabetes. (Pubmed Central) -  Apr 28, 2024   
    In conclusion, M and LM therapies improve insulin sensitivity and P?f in prediabetics. GM is partially associated with these improvements since the SEM models suggest a weak association between specific bacterial genera and improvements in IS and P?f.
  • ||||||||||  Tradjenta (linagliptin) / Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly
    Trial completion, Enrollment change, Trial completion date:  Gliflozins and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Type 2 Diabetes (GIOIA) (clinicaltrials.gov) -  Apr 18, 2024   
    P=N/A,  N=1150, Completed, 
    GM is partially associated with these improvements since the SEM models suggest a weak association between specific bacterial genera and improvements in IS and P?f. Recruiting --> Completed | N=555 --> 1150 | Trial completion date: Dec 2025 --> Dec 2023
  • ||||||||||  Tradjenta (linagliptin) / Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, Januvia (sitagliptin) / Merck (MSD)
    Journal:  Identification of Risk Factors for Gliptin-associated Bullous Pemphigoid among Diabetic Patients. (Pubmed Central) -  Apr 9, 2024   
    These results suggest gliptins should be prescribed with caution to patients with type 2 diabetes with coexisting Alzheimer's and other dementias, or patients receiving long-term use of thiazides and loop diuretics. The use of sitagliptin over linagliptin and vildagliptin should be preferred in these patients.
  • ||||||||||  metformin / Generic mfg.
    Review, Journal:  A comprehensive review on potential drug-drug interactions of proton pump inhibitors with antidiabetic drugs metformin and DPP-4 inhibitors. (Pubmed Central) -  Mar 18, 2024   
    This review article mainly focused on evaluating the potential drug-drug interactions (DDIs) between PPIs (i.e. esomeprazole, lansoprazole, omeprazole, pantoprazole, and rabeprazole) with metformin and PPIs with DPP-4 inhibitors...To achieve the greatest therapeutic impact with the fewest side effects, careful dose control of these drugs is required. So, more extensive research on both human and animal subjects are needed to ascertain the veracity of this hypothesis.
  • ||||||||||  Tradjenta (linagliptin) / Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly
    Linagliptin increases urinary sodium excretion via deactivating renal ENaC in diabetic rodents and patients with diabetes mellites (SUN-108; Exhibition Hall and Main Foyer) -  Mar 8, 2024 - Abstract #ISNWCN2024ISN_WCN_1014;    
    [1] SDT-fatty rats, an obese DM model, were given high salt diet and categorized into four groups as followings; Sham, DM-N, DM-N treated with Empagliflozin for 12 weeks (EMPA), DM-N treated with 6-week EMPA followed by 6-week treatment with linagliptin (EMPA + LINA). LINA can become a potent to prevent the progression of DM-N through deactivating ENaC leading to increased urinary sodium excretion.
  • ||||||||||  Tradjenta (linagliptin) / Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly
    Review, Journal:  Dietary gallic acid as an antioxidant: A review of its food industry applications, health benefits, bioavailability, nano-delivery systems, and drug interactions. (Pubmed Central) -  Feb 28, 2024   
    GA may induce drug interactions with conventional drugs, such as hydroxyurea, linagliptin, and diltiazem, due to its inhibitory effects on metabolic enzymes, including cytochrome P450 3A4 and 2D6, and transporters, including P-glycoprotein, breast cancer resistance protein, and organic anion-transporting polypeptide 1B3. In conclusion, in-depth studies of GA on food industry applications, health benefits, bioavailability, nano-delivery systems, and drug interactions have laid the foundation for its comprehensive application as a food additive and dietary supplement.
  • ||||||||||  Tradjenta (linagliptin) / Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly
    Salty, Sweet, and Severe: A Case of Linagliptin-induced Severe Hyponatremia (San Diego Convention Center, Room 1A-B (Upper Level)) -  Feb 20, 2024 - Abstract #ATS2024ATS_7689;    
    The mechanism through which a DPP-4 inhibitor would induce hyponatremia remains unclear and warrants further attention. This case expands the literature by offering an additional medication to consider in the setting of acute severe hyponatremia to inform key management and workup decisions.
  • ||||||||||  Nesina (alogliptin) / Takeda, Tradjenta (linagliptin) / Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly
    Rare Case of Life-threatening Angioedema Induced by DPP-4 Inhibitor (San Diego Convention Center, Area A (Hall A-B2, Ground Level)) -  Feb 20, 2024 - Abstract #ATS2024ATS_1612;    
    3 mg IM, Pepcid 40 mg IV, and Solu-Medrol 125 mg IV in the emergency room...Studies using the FDA Adverse Event reporting system identify that Angioedema with DPP4 inhibitors with the exception of Linagliptin (which provides more potent prolongation of bradykinin half-life) generally occurs with concomitant ACE inhibitor use...Enhancing clinicians' understanding and recognition of this adverse effect can expedite the diagnosis and treatment of DPP-4-associated angioedema as well as improve patient surveillance when concomitantly using ACEi. Transverse view of CT Neck with contrast demonstrating para epiglottic mucosal edema.
  • ||||||||||  Tradjenta (linagliptin) / Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, BMS-202 / Bayer
    Journal:  Hydrogel-mediated tumor T cell infiltration and immune evasion to reinforce cancer immunotherapy. (Pubmed Central) -  Jan 30, 2024   
    Therefore, the hydrogel in combination with CXCL10 demonstrated powerful cancer immunotherapy against primary and distant tumors, along with efficient inhibition of lung metastasis. Our study not only offers a potent platform against tumors, but also provides a conceptually new approach to reinforce cancer immunotherapy.
  • ||||||||||  Tradjenta (linagliptin) / Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly
    Journal, Combination therapy:  Linagliptin in combination with insulin suppresses apoptotic unfolded protein response in ovaries exposed to type 1 diabetes. (Pubmed Central) -  Dec 13, 2023   
    The use of linagliptin and insulin increased the expression of pro-survival XBP1s transmembrane protein and decreased the expression of proapoptotic ATF4, pJNK1/2, cleaved caspase 12, and cleaved caspase 3 in mouse ovaries. Our study provides new therapeutic evidence that linagliptin administered in addition to insulin induces ER stress mechanism-dependent survival in ovaries with type 1 diabetes.
  • ||||||||||  Tradjenta (linagliptin) / Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly
    Journal:  Gliptin-induced bullous pemphigoid. (Pubmed Central) -  Nov 30, 2023   
    The proper management of autoimmune bullous skin disorders in elderly patients includes a scrupulous assessment of plausible drug triggers. Systemic corticosteroids for treating severe cases of DIBP can worsen concomitant diseases which often necessitates multidisciplinary care.
  • ||||||||||  Tradjenta (linagliptin) / Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly
    Journal:  Simplifying Type 2 DM Care with Linagliptin: A Position Paper. (Pubmed Central) -  Aug 31, 2023   
    In addition, our QSP model, which contains more components than other reported glucose regulation models, can potentially be used to evaluate the effect of combination antidiabetic therapy targeting different components of glucose control system. Linagliptin therapy is simplifying the management of T2DM with good efficacy and its use across a wide range of patients without any dose modification.
  • ||||||||||  Tremfya (guselkumab) / J&J
    Hydroxyzin- induced Acute Generalized Exanthematous Pustulosis in psoriatic patient treated with Guselkumab (e-Poster Hall) -  Aug 30, 2023 - Abstract #EADV2023EADV_2351;    
    We report a case of a 72-year old- male patient with type II diabetes mellitus, diabetic nephropathy and chronic kidney disease (CKD) that developed BP after linagliptin introduction into the antidiabetic therapy. It is evident from this report that gliptins might be related to bullosius pemphigoid.** Physicians should be aware of the possible reaction to** Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) inhibitors (gliptins) and always keep it in mind as a potential trigger factor for bullous pemphigoid.
  • ||||||||||  Tradjenta (linagliptin) / Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, Tavalisse (fostamatinib) / Rigel, Kissei
    Journal:  A deep learning-based drug repurposing screening and validation for anti-SARS-CoV-2 compounds by targeting the cell entry mechanism. (Pubmed Central) -  Aug 21, 2023   
    Using a SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus system, we further identify several drug candidates including Fostamatinib, Linagliptin, Lysergol and Sophoridine that can effectively block the cell entry of SARS-CoV-2 variants into human lung cells even at a nanomolar scale. These efforts not only illuminate the feasibility of applying deep learning-based drug repositioning for antiviral agents by targeting a specified mechanism, but also provide a valuable resource of promising drug candidates or lead compounds to treat COVID-19.