teriflunomide / Generic mfg. 
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  • ||||||||||  Clinical, Reimbursement, Journal, Medicaid:  Expenditure, Utilization, and Cost of Specialty Drugs for Multiple Sclerosis in the US Medicaid Population, 2008-2018. (Pubmed Central) -  Jul 30, 2020   
    The specialty drugs considered in our analysis included dimethyl fumarate, fingolimod, teriflunomide, cladribine, siponimod, alemtuzumab, natalizumab, ocrelizumab, daclizumab, glatiramer acetate, peginterferon beta-1a, interferon beta-1a, and interferon beta-1b...The growing utilization and spending trends for specialty MS medications are significant and sizable in the US Medicaid programs. Medicaid cost-containment strategy is warranted to control the economic burden of state budgets across the country.
  • ||||||||||  Tecfidera (dimethyl fumarate) / Biogen, Rituxan (rituximab) / Roche, Biogen, Zenyaku Kogyo, Lemtrada (alemtuzumab) / Sanofi
    Journal:  Blood neurofilament light levels segregate treatment effects in multiple sclerosis. (Pubmed Central) -  Jul 22, 2020   
    This shows that even if there is evidence of teratogenic effects in animals, an 8-week exposure to teraflunomide >0.02 mg/L did not have effects on the newborn. Choice of DMT in RRMS is significantly associated with degree of reduction in pNfL, which supports a role for pNfL as a drug response marker.
  • ||||||||||  teriflunomide / Generic mfg.
    Clinical, Journal:  The peripheral blood immune cell profile in a teriflunomide-treated multiple sclerosis patient with COVID-19 pneumonia. (Pubmed Central) -  Jul 21, 2020   
    At the infection time point, no differences in the percentages of immune activation and immunesenescence of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells were observed compared to the pre-infection time point. Our evaluation seems to confirm that teriflunomide controls T-cells immune activation and immunosenescence suggesting that teriflunomide should not be discontinued in MS patients with an active COVID-19 pneumonia.
  • ||||||||||  Leustatin (cladribine) / J&J, Tecfidera (dimethyl fumarate) / Biogen, Mavenclad (cladribine) / EMD Serono
    Review, Journal:  Advances in oral immunomodulating therapies in relapsing multiple sclerosis. (Pubmed Central) -  Jul 10, 2020   
    The oral immunomodulator laquinimod did not reach the primary endpoint of reduction in confirmed disability progression in a phase 3 trial of patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis...This treatment scheme might lead to higher efficacy but also to new safety concerns. These sequential treatments were largely excluded in phase 2 and 3 trials; therefore, monitoring both short-term and long-term effects of sequential disease-modifying therapies in phase 4 studies, cohort studies, and registries will be necessary.
  • ||||||||||  Tecfidera (dimethyl fumarate) / Biogen, Lemtrada (alemtuzumab) / Sanofi
    Journal, Adverse events:  Liver injury with drugs used for multiple sclerosis: A contemporary analysis of the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System. (Pubmed Central) -  Jul 9, 2020   
    These sequential treatments were largely excluded in phase 2 and 3 trials; therefore, monitoring both short-term and long-term effects of sequential disease-modifying therapies in phase 4 studies, cohort studies, and registries will be necessary. These real-world pharmacovigilance findings suggest that DILI might be a common feature of MS drugs and call for (1) formal population-based study to verify the risk of fampridine and (2) awareness by clinicians, who should assess the possible responsibility of MS drugs when they diagnose DILI.
  • ||||||||||  apogossypol (CNDO103) / Fortress
    Journal:  Apogossypol-mediated reorganisation of the endoplasmic reticulum antagonises mitochondrial fission and apoptosis. (Pubmed Central) -  Jul 7, 2020   
    However, neither genetic inhibition of DHODH using RNA interference nor metabolic supplementation with orotate or uridine to circumvent the consequences of a loss of DHODH activity rescued the effects of DHODH inhibitors, suggesting that the effects of these inhibitors in preventing ER membrane reorganisation is most likely independent of their ability to antagonise DHODH activity. Our results strengthen the hypothesis that ER is fundamental for key mitochondrial functions, such as fusion-fission dynamics and apoptosis.
  • ||||||||||  teriflunomide / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Teriflunomide suppresses T helper cells and dendritic cells to alleviate experimental autoimmune uveitis. (Pubmed Central) -  Jul 4, 2020   
    Interestingly, we found that teriflunomide suppressed the maturation and function of dendritic cells (DCs) both in vivo and in vitro. In conclusion, our findings suggest that teriflunomide alleviates inflammation in EAU mice by down-regulating Th17 and Th1 cells and suppresses the maturation and function of DCs for the first time.
  • ||||||||||  evobrutinib (M2951) / EMD Serono
    Enrollment open:  EVOLUTION RMS1: Study of Evobrutinib in Participants With RMS (evolutionRMS 1) (clinicaltrials.gov) -  Jul 1, 2020   
    P3,  N=930, Recruiting, 
    In conclusion, our findings suggest that teriflunomide alleviates inflammation in EAU mice by down-regulating Th17 and Th1 cells and suppresses the maturation and function of DCs for the first time. Not yet recruiting --> Recruiting
  • ||||||||||  evobrutinib (M2951) / EMD Serono
    Enrollment open:  Study of Evobrutinib in Participants With RMS (evolutionRMS 2) (clinicaltrials.gov) -  Jul 1, 2020   
    P3,  N=930, Recruiting, 
    Not yet recruiting --> Recruiting Not yet recruiting --> Recruiting
  • ||||||||||  Tysabri (natalizumab) / Biogen, Royalty
    Enrollment open:  MAIN STUDY: SWITCH SUB-STUDY: SWITCH-JCV (clinicaltrials.gov) -  Jun 17, 2020   
    P4,  N=70, Recruiting, 
    Several factors are associated with higher switch risk in patients starting a first-line therapy and could be integrated in the decision-making process of first treatment choice. Active, not recruiting --> Recruiting
  • ||||||||||  Clinical, Journal:  Implications of COVID-19 Outbreak on Immune Therapies in Multiple Sclerosis Patients-Lessons Learned From SARS and MERS. (Pubmed Central) -  Jun 11, 2020   
    As lymphopenia seems to be associated with a more severe disease course, all DMTs causing lymphopenia, such as cladribine, alemtuzumab, and dimethyl fumarate, need to be reviewed more thoroughly...In summary, previous coronavirus outbreaks have not shown an increased risk for immunocompromised patients. Patients with severe neuroimmunological diseases should be kept from hasty discontinuation of immunotherapy.
  • ||||||||||  Tecfidera (dimethyl fumarate) / Biogen
    Clinical, Journal:  Assessment of safety and effectiveness of oral multiple sclerosis medication. (Pubmed Central) -  May 28, 2020   
    The study results were able to capture the effectiveness rate for the targeted treatment in the studied population, with the frequency of incidence of side effects. However, as these results cannot be generalized for the entire Saudi population.
  • ||||||||||  Tysabri (natalizumab) / Biogen, Tecfidera (dimethyl fumarate) / Biogen
    Clinical, Journal:  Abnormalities and erythroblasts in peripheral blood of multiple sclerosis patients treated with natalizumab. (Pubmed Central) -  May 21, 2020   
    Hematopoietic abnormalities are common during natalizumab treatment. Given the lack of consequences of this finding during long-term follow-up, it is generally justifiable to refrain from further diagnostic procedures when observing hematopoietic abnormalities in patients using natalizumab.
  • ||||||||||  teriflunomide / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Teriflunomide Does Not Change Dynamics of Nadph Oxidase Activation and Neuronal Dysfunction During Neuroinflammation. (Pubmed Central) -  May 20, 2020   
    Concerning drug safety, we can confirm that teriflunomide has no metabolic effects on neuronal function in the CNS tissue during neuroinflammation at concentrations expected in orally treated patients. The combined endogenous FLIM and calcium imaging approach developed by us and employed here uniquely meets the need to monitor cellular metabolism as a basic mechanism of tissue functions in vivo.
  • ||||||||||  Tysabri (natalizumab) / Biogen, Royalty
    Trial completion date:  MAIN STUDY: SWITCH SUB-STUDY: SWITCH-JCV (clinicaltrials.gov) -  May 19, 2020   
    P4,  N=70, Active, not recruiting, 
    The combined endogenous FLIM and calcium imaging approach developed by us and employed here uniquely meets the need to monitor cellular metabolism as a basic mechanism of tissue functions in vivo. Trial completion date: Dec 2020 --> Dec 2021
  • ||||||||||  teriflunomide / Generic mfg.
    Trial completion date, Trial primary completion date:  AUBACOG: Cognition and MRI Markers in MS Patients With Aubagio (clinicaltrials.gov) -  May 17, 2020   
    P=N/A,  N=80, Recruiting, 
    Trial completion date: Dec 2020 --> Dec 2021 Trial completion date: May 2022 --> May 2023 | Trial primary completion date: May 2022 --> May 2023