morphine sulphate / Generic mfg. 
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  • ||||||||||  vincristine / Generic mfg.
    Clinical, Journal:  A Rare Case of Vincristine-Induced Neuropathy Presenting as Foot Drop in the Postoperative Period. (Pubmed Central) -  Jun 8, 2021   
    These patients pose a diagnostic dilemma perioperatively that may lead to medicolegal challenges to the anesthesia provider. Anesthesia providers should be wary of the possibility of exacerbation of any subclinical neuropathy in patients with cancer receiving neurotoxic chemotherapy and should probably avoid any neuraxial intervention in such patients if possible.
  • ||||||||||  morphine sulphate / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Perioperative Anesthetic Techniques to Reduce Surgical Morbidity After Amputation. (Pubmed Central) -  Jun 8, 2021   
    The 2 groups did not differ on average pain scores and morphine equivalent consumption rates per patient during hospitalization...Use of a standardized anesthetic protocol designed for patients undergoing amputation improved patient outcomes. Trials of this protocol elsewhere may contribute to improved recovery for patients undergoing amputations.
  • ||||||||||  morphine sulphate / Generic mfg.
    Clinical, Reimbursement, Journal, Medicaid:  Opioid dispensing among adult Medicaid enrollees by diabetes status. (Pubmed Central) -  Jun 8, 2021   
    Characteristics of individual prescriptions, including daily morphine milligram equivalents (45.9 vs. 49.4), formulation (percent short-acting: 91.5% vs. 90.7%), and type of opioids (i.e. percent hydrocodone: 46.7 vs. 45.3), were similar for those with and without diabetes...Medicaid enrollees with diabetes were prescribed opioids more frequently and were more likely to have longer opioid supply than enrollees without diabetes. For practitioners who care for patients with diabetes, aligning pain management approaches with evidence-based resources, like the CDC Guideline for Prescribing Opioids for Chronic Pain, can encourage safer opioid prescribing practices.
  • ||||||||||  amphetamine / Generic mfg.
    Review, Journal:  Role of Cannabidiol in the Therapeutic Intervention for Substance Use Disorders. (Pubmed Central) -  Jun 8, 2021   
    Moreover, the remarkable safety profile of CBD, its lack of reinforcing properties and the existence of approved medications containing this compound (Sativex®, Epidiolex®) increased the number of studies suggesting the potential of CBD as a therapeutic intervention for SUD. The rising number of publications with substantial results on the valuable therapeutic innovation of CBD for treating SUD, the undeniable need of new therapeutic agents to improve the clinical outcome of patients with SUD, and the upcoming clinical trials involving CBD endorse the relevance of this review.
  • ||||||||||  fentanyl citrate / Generic mfg., morphine sulphate / Generic mfg., methamphetamine / Generic mfg.
    Preclinical, Journal:  Impact of Morphine Dependence and Withdrawal on the Reinforcing Effectiveness of Fentanyl, Cocaine, and Methamphetamine in Rats. (Pubmed Central) -  Jun 8, 2021   
    The current studies provide direct evidence that the reinforcing effects of fentanyl are increased in opioid-withdrawn rats and reduced in opioid-dependent rats, relative to rats that are not physically dependent on opioids. These findings suggest that motivations to use opioids are dependent on the state of the individual whereas stimulants retain their reinforcing effects regardless of whether the individual is in an opioid-dependent or withdrawn state.
  • ||||||||||  morphine sulphate / Generic mfg.
    Preclinical, Journal:  Effects of morphine and NeuroAid on the expression levels of GluN2A and GluN3A in the hippocampus and striatum of rats. (Pubmed Central) -  Jun 8, 2021   
    NeuroAid increased the expression of GluN3A in the hippocampus and GluN2A in the striatum of morphine-addicted rats. NeuroAid may have interaction with the effect of morphine on glutamatergic neurotransmission; however, this study is innovative and novel, thus, further studies are needed to better understand the effect of NeuroAid and morphine on hippocampal and striatal glutamatergic neurotransmission.
  • ||||||||||  fentanyl citrate / Generic mfg., morphine sulphate / Generic mfg., tramadol hydrochloride / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Chronic High Risk Prescription Opioid Use Among Persons With HIV. (Pubmed Central) -  Jun 8, 2021   
    Our findings show that despite opioid prescribing guidelines and monitoring systems, additional efforts are needed to prevent chronic high risk prescriptions in patients with comorbid conditions, including pain-related, mental health and substance use disorders. Evidence about the risk for chronic high risk use based on prescribing patterns could better inform pain management and opioid prescribing practices for patients receiving HIV care.
  • ||||||||||  morphine sulphate / Generic mfg.
    Preclinical, Journal, IO biomarker:  Chronic morphine-mediated upregulation of high mobility group box 1 in the spinal cord contributes to analgesic tolerance and hyperalgesia in rats. (Pubmed Central) -  Jun 5, 2021   
    Moreover, phosphorylated NF-κB p65, TNF-α, and IL-1β levels in the dorsal horn were upregulated following this treatment, but this upregulation was prevented by coinjection with TAK-242. Together, these results suggest that morphine-mediated upregulation of spinal HMGB1 contributes to analgesic tolerance and hyperalgesia via activation of TLR4/NF-κB signaling, and the HMGB1 inhibitor might be a promising adjuvant to morphine in the treatment of intractable pain in the clinic.
  • ||||||||||  morphine sulphate / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Hyperexcitability of VTA dopaminergic neurons in male offspring exposed to physical or psychological prenatal stress. (Pubmed Central) -  Jun 5, 2021   
    An increased anxiety-like behavior and preference to morphine was observed in prenatally stressed mice...This was confirmed by lower rheobase and lower firing thresholds in PS VTA neurons, as well as increases in spontaneous firing frequency. When taken together, these data suggest that alterations in VTA DA neurons in this mouse model of prenatal stress might be associated with late life alterations in drug seeking and anxiety-like behaviors through their role in mesocortical and mesoaccumbal pathways.
  • ||||||||||  morphine sulphate / Generic mfg., paracetamol / Generic mfg.
    Clinical, Journal:  Opioid Prescription Patterns for Discharged Patients from the Emergency Department. (Pubmed Central) -  Jun 5, 2021   
    The median total prescribed amount of pills was highest for patients with extremity fractures (15.0; IQR 12.0-20.0). Our study elucidates the prescribing patterns of an academic level 1 trauma center and should pave the way for future studies looking to maximize effectiveness at ways to curb ED opioid prescription.
  • ||||||||||  duloxetine / Generic mfg.
    Clinical, Journal:  Duloxetine reduces pain after Total hip arthroplasty: a prospective, randomized controlled study. (Pubmed Central) -  Jun 5, 2021   
    Although it did not result in a clinically meaning reduction in pain after total hip arthroplasty, perioperative administration of 60 mg of duloxetine daily significantly alleviated pain in the postoperative 3 weeks and morphine requirements during the postoperative 48 h. Therefore, duloxetine still shows promise in optimizing the multimodal pain-management protocols in total hip arthroplasty.
  • ||||||||||  Trial completion, Trial primary completion date, Surgery:  PECS-2 for Breast Surgery (clinicaltrials.gov) -  Jun 4, 2021   
    P=N/A,  N=200, Completed, 
    Therefore, duloxetine still shows promise in optimizing the multimodal pain-management protocols in total hip arthroplasty. Recruiting --> Completed | Trial primary completion date: Jan 2020 --> Oct 2020
  • ||||||||||  morphine sulphate / Generic mfg.
    Trial completion date, Trial primary completion date:  Analgesics in the Pre-hospital Setting: Implications on Hemorrhage Tolerance - Morphine (clinicaltrials.gov) -  Jun 4, 2021   
    P1/2,  N=30, Recruiting, 
    Recruiting --> Completed | Trial primary completion date: Jan 2020 --> Oct 2020 Trial completion date: May 2021 --> May 2022 | Trial primary completion date: May 2021 --> May 2022
  • ||||||||||  morphine sulphate / Generic mfg.
    Review, Journal:  The role and pharmacological properties of the P2X7 receptor in neuropathic pain. (Pubmed Central) -  Jun 4, 2021   
    Clinically, drugs are usually used to suppress pain, such as (lidocaine, morphine, etc.), but the effect is short-lived, poor analgesia, and there are certain dependence and side effects...P2X7 is dependent on Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) ion channel receptors and has dual functions for the development of nerve damage and pain. In this review, we explored the link between the P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) and NPP, providing insight into the P2X7R and NPP, discussing the pathological mechanism of P2 X7R in NPP and the biological characteristics of P2X7R antagonist inhibiting its over-expression for the targeted therapy of NPP.
  • ||||||||||  morphine sulphate / Generic mfg., methadone / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Lithium reverses the effect of opioids on eNOS/nitric oxide pathway in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. (Pubmed Central) -  Jun 4, 2021   
    The decreased amount of phospho GSK-3β due to the opioid exposure was increased following lithium treatment. Tolerance like pattern may occur in non-neuronal cells with opioid receptors and this study clearly revealed the attenuation of morphine and methadone tolerance like behavior by lithium treatment in HUVECs.
  • ||||||||||  morphine sulphate / Generic mfg., paracetamol / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Medication used in Denmark in the latent phase of labor - Do we know what we are doing? (Pubmed Central) -  Jun 3, 2021   
    The anterior ultrasound guided SHPB aided by fluoroscopy is suggested to be more superior to the standard fluoroscopic guided technique in relieving pelvic cancer pain and decreasing morphine consumption. In a small country, we found considerable national variation in the medication or combinations of medication used in the latent phase of labor, and polypharmacy was standard in the majority of the delivery wards.
  • ||||||||||  morphine sulphate / Generic mfg.
    Clinical, Journal:  Forbruk av opioider ved to kirurgiske sykehusavdelinger. (Pubmed Central) -  Jun 3, 2021   
    Sumach with anti-infertility features compensates the toxic effect of Morphine administration. The consumption of opioids increased in both departments studied, and oxycodone constituted the largest part of the increase.
  • ||||||||||  morphine sulphate / Generic mfg., hydromorphone hydrochloride / Generic mfg.
    Enrollment open, Head-to-Head:  Spinal Hydromorphone Versus Morphine for Post-Cesarean Delivery Analgesia (clinicaltrials.gov) -  Jun 3, 2021   
    P4,  N=126, Recruiting, 
    Registered on 14 December 2020. Not yet recruiting --> Recruiting
  • ||||||||||  morphine sulphate / Generic mfg.
    Retrospective data, Review, Journal, Benefit-risk assessment:  Opioid-Free Anesthesia Benefit-Risk Balance: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. (Pubmed Central) -  Jun 3, 2021   
    The co-primary outcomes were postoperative acute pain and morphine consumption at 2, 24, and 48 h. The secondary outcomes were the incidence of postoperative chronic pain, hemodynamic tolerance, severe adverse effects, opioid-related adverse effects, and specific adverse effects related to substitution drugs...A clear benefit of OFA use was observed with respect to a reduction in PONV. However, more data on the safe use of OFAs should be collected and caution should be taken in the development of OFA.
  • ||||||||||  morphine sulphate / Generic mfg.
    Observational data, Journal:  A Longitudinal Study of Breakthrough Cancer Pain: An Extension of IOPS-MS Study. (Pubmed Central) -  Jun 3, 2021   
    Bupivacaine only modestly affects analgesia and, due to the increased bleeding observed, it should not to be part of pain control management in young patients after spinal deformity correction. A careful and continuous assessment should be guaranteed to all patients to limit the burden induced by BTcP, other than treating BTcP episodes with short-onset opioids.
  • ||||||||||  morphine sulphate / Generic mfg.
    Clinical, Journal:  Postoperative opioid overdose due to patient-controlled analgesia by proxy (Pubmed Central) -  Jun 2, 2021   
    Here we describe a 73-year-old Somalian male patient that underwent abdominal surgery and received intravenous morphine PCA for postoperative pain relief...The dangers of PCA and PCA by proxy in particular are discussed. In this case, the language barrier, and possibly cultural differences and health illiteracy may have contributed to the PCA by proxy.
  • ||||||||||  morphine sulphate / Generic mfg., ibuprofen / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Functional observation after morphine withdrawal: effects of SJP-005. (Pubmed Central) -  Jun 2, 2021   
    In this case, the language barrier, and possibly cultural differences and health illiteracy may have contributed to the PCA by proxy. Compared to placebo, SJP-005 significantly reduced the incidence and duration of discontinuation-induced morphine withdrawal symptoms when treatment was initiated 2 days before morphine cessation.
  • ||||||||||  morphine sulphate / Generic mfg.
    Clinical, Journal, Patient reported outcomes:  'Desire for more analgesic treatment': pain and patient-reported outcome after paediatric tonsillectomy and appendectomy. (Pubmed Central) -  Jun 2, 2021   
    These results demonstrate an interaction between α2GABA and α3GABA receptor- and μ-opioid receptor-mediated signals and suggest that combination therapy may be useful for the treatment of pain-related disorders. Preventive administration of at least two classes of non-opioid analgesics is a simple strategy and may improve patient-reported outcomes.
  • ||||||||||  morphine sulphate / Generic mfg.
    Preclinical, Journal:  The involvement of ventral hippocampal microglial cells, but not cannabinoid CB1 receptors, in morphine-induced analgesia in rats. (Pubmed Central) -  Jun 1, 2021   
    Our findings suggest that the activation of the VH microglial cells may be involved in mediating pain sensation, because the inhibition of these cells by intra-VH injection of minocycline could potentiate morphine-induced analgesia. Although endocannabinoids have a regulatory role in glia function, the activation of CB1 receptors could not affect the potentiative effect of minocycline on morphine analgesia.
  • ||||||||||  morphine sulphate / Generic mfg., methadone / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Rapid Assessment of Opioid Exposure and Treatment in Cities Through Robotic Collection and Chemical Analysis of Wastewater. (Pubmed Central) -  Jun 1, 2021   
    Wastewater-based epidemiology with smart sewer selection and robotic wastewater collection is feasible to detect the presence of specific opioids, naloxone, methadone, and buprenorphine within a city. These results suggest that wastewater epidemiology could be used to detect patterns of opioid exposure and may ultimately provide information for opioid use disorder (OUD) treatment and harm reduction programs.
  • ||||||||||  midazolam hydrochloride / Generic mfg.
    Clinical, Journal:  Extubation failure after Norwood procedure in hypoplastic left heart syndrome patients (Pubmed Central) -  Jun 1, 2021   
    The treatment group also had shorter duration of stay in the PACU compared with the control group. Chylothorax, respiratory comorbidities, and longer use of Midazolam should be addressed before planning airway extubation in order to avoid failure.