morphine sulphate / Generic mfg. 
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  • ||||||||||  morphine sulphate / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Morphine acts on spinal dynorphin neurons to cause itch through disinhibition. (Pubmed Central) -  Jul 14, 2021   
    Agonism of the kappa-opioid receptor alleviated morphine-induced itch in mice and nonhuman primates. Thus, our findings not only reveal that morphine causes itch through a mechanism of disinhibition but also challenge the long-standing use of antihistamines, thereby informing the treatment of millions worldwide.
  • ||||||||||  ticagrelor / Generic mfg., morphine sulphate / Generic mfg.
    Clinical, PK/PD data, Journal:  Pharmacokinetic Modeling of Morphine's Effect on Plasma Concentrations of Ticagrelor and Its Metabolite in Healthy Volunteers. (Pubmed Central) -  Jul 13, 2021   
    Blood samples were analyzed with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to assess plasma concentrations of ticagrelor and AR-C124910XX before ticagrelor loading dose and after that 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 h. The model allowed us to reproduce the experimental results accurately and led us to conclusions consistent with clinical observations that morphine delays the time of maximum drug concentration and that the morphine effect occurs due to decreased gastrointestinal motility. Based on the model, we were able to predict the effect of drug dose on receptor blocking efficacy.
  • ||||||||||  morphine sulphate / Generic mfg.
    Clinical, Journal:  Patient-Reported Pain and Opioid Use After Ambulatory Head and Neck Surgery. (Pubmed Central) -  Jul 13, 2021   
    CLNB patients used a median (interquartile range) of 15.0 (0-41.2) morphine milligram equivalents (MME), and 95% used 70 or fewer MME...Patients have low pain and opioid requirements after hemithyroidectomy and CLNB. Head and neck surgeons should evaluate their opioid-prescribing patterns for opportunities to safely decrease postoperative prescriptions.
  • ||||||||||  STR-324 / Stragen
    Trial completion date, Trial primary completion date:  Dose Finding Study of STR-324 (clinicaltrials.gov) -  Jul 13, 2021   
    P2,  N=118, Recruiting, 
    Head and neck surgeons should evaluate their opioid-prescribing patterns for opportunities to safely decrease postoperative prescriptions. Trial completion date: Jul 2021 --> Jan 2022 | Trial primary completion date: Jul 2021 --> Jan 2022
  • ||||||||||  fentanyl citrate / Generic mfg., morphine sulphate / Generic mfg.
    Clinical, Journal:  Structural Assessment of Agonist Efficacy in the μ-Opioid Receptor: Morphine and Fentanyl Elicit Different Activation Patterns. (Pubmed Central) -  Jul 11, 2021   
    As conformational changes in TM6 and TM7 are widely described as being the most crucial aspect in GPCR activation, this may contribute to the greater efficacy of fentanyl over morphine. These computationally observed functional differences between fentanyl and morphine may provide new avenues for the design of safer but not weaker opioid drugs because it is desirable to increase the safety of medicines without sacrificing their efficacy.
  • ||||||||||  ketamine / Generic mfg.
    Preclinical, Journal:  A Hydroethanolic Leaf Extract of Persicaria lanigera Possesses Antinociceptive Activity through Cytokine and Glutamatergic Pathways In Vivo. (Pubmed Central) -  Jul 10, 2021   
    In the acetic acid-induced nociception model, 100 mg kg PLE exhibited the highest antinociceptive activity of 95.13 ± 9.52% at p < 0.0001, followed by the 300 mg kg (85.44 ± 5.75%; p < 0.0001) and then the 30 mg kg (67.95 ± 18.55%; p < 0.01), compared to morphine 3 mg kg i.p. (86.97 ± 9.52; p < 0.0001)...Similarly, PLE (30, 100, and 300 mg kg) significantly reduced pain in the glutamate-induced nociception model with % inhibitions of 79.28 ± 8.17, 90.54 ± 5.64, and 96.49 ± 1.43%, respectively, whereas ketamine (5 mg/kg i.p.) reduced nociception to be 59.94 ± 18.14%...Similarly, PLE significantly inhibited bradykinin-induced nociception. The hydroethanolic extract of Persicaria lanigera has antinociceptive effects; this is the first scientific report providing evidence to validate its traditional use for the management of pain.
  • ||||||||||  morphine sulphate / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  The change in postoperative opioid prescribing after lumbar decompression surgery following state-level opioid prescribing reform. (Pubmed Central) -  Jul 10, 2021   
    Patients undergoing surgery in the year after the implementation of a state-level opioid prescribing reform received significantly fewer MEDs while reporting no change in the total number of opioid prescriptions, PROs, or postoperative ED visits or hospital readmissions. These results demonstrate that state-level reforms placing reasonable limits on opioid prescriptions written for acute pain may decrease patient opioid exposure without negatively impacting patient outcomes after lumbar decompression surgery.
  • ||||||||||  morphine sulphate / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Fatal and non-fatal health incidents related to recreational ecstasy use. (Pubmed Central) -  Jul 10, 2021   
    The few data that are available show that ecstasy is not a safe substance. However, compared to opiates (heroin, morphine), the risk of acute ecstasy-related adverse health incidents per ecstasy user and per ecstasy use session is relatively low.
  • ||||||||||  morphine sulphate / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Comparison of two methods of continuous femoral nerve block with elastomeric pump after total knee arthroplasty. (Pubmed Central) -  Jul 10, 2021   
    However, compared to opiates (heroin, morphine), the risk of acute ecstasy-related adverse health incidents per ecstasy user and per ecstasy use session is relatively low. It was demonstrated that CFNB with continuous infusion of 5 mL h-1 of 0.2% ropivacaine plus 5 mL as a bolus causes a greater reduction in pain intensity and opioid consumption; it also shortens the time of functional restoration in comparison to perineural infusion of 5mL h-1 only during the first 4 days after TKA and constitutes an effective and safe alternative to using an electronic pump.
  • ||||||||||  morphine sulphate / Generic mfg.
    Review, Journal:  The ambiguity of opioids revealed by Immunology is changing the knowledge and the therapeutic approach in cancer and non-cancer pain: A narrative review. (Pubmed Central) -  Jul 10, 2021   
    The selective intratumoral accumulation of morphine observed in an experimental xenograft model - the initial scenario of our scientific collaboration - revealed a surprising interaction between the opioid and the opioid receptors expressed by cells of tumor microenvironment...To save the analgesic use of opioids would require the overcome of their intrinsic ability to cause both analgesia and hyperalgesia in a very ambiguous manner. At moment not to hijack and not to usurp the immune system appears still a very far goal.
  • ||||||||||  gabapentin / Generic mfg., celecoxib oral / Generic mfg.
    Clinical, Journal:  Pectoral placement of tissue expanders affects inpatient opioid use. (Pubmed Central) -  Jul 10, 2021   
    Medical records were reviewed for surgical details, 24-hour inpatient PRN opioid usage (oral morphine equivalents [OME]), and discharge prescriptions...All patients were ordered standing acetaminophen, celecoxib, and gabapentin, and subpectoral patients cyclobenzaprine...Prepectoral expander placement appears to be associated with decreased inpatient opioid use postoperatively. This may represent an opportunity to improve patient satisfaction and safety by decreasing outpatient opioid prescriptions.
  • ||||||||||  amphetamine / Generic mfg.
    Preclinical, Journal:  Mice Lacking GABA Receptor δ Subunit Have Altered Pharmaco-EEG Responses to Multiple Drugs. (Pubmed Central) -  Jul 9, 2021   
    The responses to ethanol (1 g/kg), LSD (0.2 mg/kg), and morphine (20 mg/kg) were similar in δ-KO and wild-type mice. Since stimulants are not known to act on δ-GABARs, our findings on pharmaco-EEG effects of 4-MMC suggest that δ-GABARs are involved in the secondary indirect regulation of the brain rhythms after 4-MMC.
  • ||||||||||  morphine sulphate / Generic mfg.
    Trial initiation date:  Evaluation of Peripheral Itch Mechanisms Following Injection of Morphine (clinicaltrials.gov) -  Jul 9, 2021   
    P=N/A,  N=26, Recruiting, 
    Since stimulants are not known to act on δ-GABARs, our findings on pharmaco-EEG effects of 4-MMC suggest that δ-GABARs are involved in the secondary indirect regulation of the brain rhythms after 4-MMC. Initiation date: Feb 2021 --> Jul 2021
  • ||||||||||  fentanyl citrate / Generic mfg., morphine sulphate / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Endogenous opioid peptides in the descending pain modulatory circuit. (Pubmed Central) -  Jul 9, 2021   
    Further emphasis on understanding the complex regulation of endogenous opioids will help to make rational decisions with regard to the use of opioids for pain. We also include a discussion of the actions of endogenous opioids in the amygdala, an upstream brain structure that has reciprocal connections to the PAG that contribute to the brain's response to pain.
  • ||||||||||  morphine sulphate / Generic mfg., dexmedetomidine / Generic mfg.
    Clinical, Journal:  Impact of post-thoracotomy analgesia with dexmedetomidine and morphine on immunocytes: a randomized clinical trial (Pubmed Central) -  Jul 9, 2021   
    We also include a discussion of the actions of endogenous opioids in the amygdala, an upstream brain structure that has reciprocal connections to the PAG that contribute to the brain's response to pain. Dexmedetomidine combined with morphine for post-thoracotomy PCIA can improve the function of immunocytes, reduce morphine consumption, and reduce the adverse reactions during analgesia induction.
  • ||||||||||  morphine sulphate / Generic mfg.
    Clinical, Journal:  The effect of thoracic paravertebral block on seroma reduction in breast surgery - a randomized controlled trial (Pubmed Central) -  Jul 9, 2021   
    NRS scores were similar between two groups (p=0.367) at postoperative 24 hour but mean morphine consumption at postoperative 24 hour was 5.6±4 mg in the TPBV group, and 16.6±6.9 mg in the control group (p <0.001). TPVB reduces the amount of seroma formation while providing effective analgesia in patients who undergo mastectomy and axillary lymph node removal surgery.
  • ||||||||||  morphine sulphate / Generic mfg.
    Review, Journal:  Opioid system influences gut-brain axis: Dysbiosis and related alterations. (Pubmed Central) -  Jul 8, 2021   
    Morphine, for example, has shown a dysbiotic effect on the bacterial microbiota in addition to inducing an increase in intestinal permeability facilitating bacterial translocation...Strategies based on use of probiotics have resulted in improvements in symptoms of autism and Parkinson´s disease. In this manuscript, we review the role of the opioid system in disorders and CNS pathologies and the involvement of the gut-brain axis.
  • ||||||||||  morphine sulphate / Generic mfg.
    Preclinical, Journal:  Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) stigma reduces symptoms of morphine-induced dependence and spontaneous withdrawal in rats. (Pubmed Central) -  Jul 8, 2021   
    Saffron extract during morphine withdrawal exhibited an increase in the percentage (or ratio) of open/total arm entries (P = .017), higher levels of sucrose preference (P = .0001), a lower morphine preference ratio (P = .02) and also, a decrease in locomotor activity (P = .004) and an increase in the CSF serotonin levels (P = .041) in rats challenged to morphine. Saffron extract may exert a protective effect against morphine-induced behavioral sensitization in rats, probably through increasing serotonin levels.
  • ||||||||||  paclitaxel / Generic mfg.
    Review, Journal:  Synthetic biology of plants-derived medicinal natural products (Pubmed Central) -  Jul 7, 2021   
    Taking terpenoids (ginsenosides, paclitaxel, artemisinin, tanshinones), alkaloids (vincristine and morphine), and flavonoids (breviscapine) as examples, this review summarizes the advances of the biosynthetic pathways and synthetic biology strategies of plant-derived medicinal natural products. Moreover, we introduce the key technologies and methods of synthetic biology used in the research of medicinal natural products, and provide future prospects in this area.
  • ||||||||||  morphine sulphate / Generic mfg.
    Enrollment open, Trial primary completion date:  VPIA: Vital Signs-Integrated Patient-Assisted Intravenous Opioid Analgesia for Post Surgical Pain (clinicaltrials.gov) -  Jul 7, 2021   
    P2/3,  N=150, Recruiting, 
    Moreover, we introduce the key technologies and methods of synthetic biology used in the research of medicinal natural products, and provide future prospects in this area. Not yet recruiting --> Recruiting | Trial primary completion date: Dec 2021 --> Aug 2022
  • ||||||||||  Nucynta (tapentadol) / Collegium Pharma, Grunenthal, Relistor (methylnaltrexone bromide) / Ono Pharma, Progenics, Bausch Health
    Review, Journal:  Opioid receptors beyond pain control: The role in cancer pathology and the debated importance of their pharmacological modulation. (Pubmed Central) -  Jul 7, 2021   
    Moreover, various pathological processes of human cancer are affected by opioid receptor agonists, such as tumour growth, angiogenesis and immunosuppression. These findings highlight the functional value of opioid receptors in human cancer, and a potential double role of opioid receptor agonists and antagonists in human cancer treatment.