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7 Diseases |  |
379 Trials |
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379 Trials |  |
12426 News |  |
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- || morphine sulphate / Generic mfg.
Clinical, Journal: Does aerobic exercise training alter responses to opioid analgesics in individuals with chronic low back pain?: a randomized controlled trial. (Pubmed Central) - Aug 5, 2021
Greater pre-post intervention increases in EO function (from any source) were significantly associated with larger pre-post intervention decreases in morphine analgesia (p's < .046). The overall pattern of findings suggest that regular aerobic exercise has limited direct effects on morphine responsiveness, reducing morphine analgesia in males only.
- | morphine sulphate / Generic mfg.
Observational data, Retrospective data, Journal: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study of the Effect of Liposomal Bupivacaine on Postoperative Opioid Prescribing After Third Molar Extraction. (Pubmed Central) - Aug 5, 2021
Patients undergoing third molar extraction and receiving LB were prescribed significantly fewer opioids than patients who did not receive LB, with a lower refill rate. Use of LB may reduce opioid prescriptions for postsurgical analgesia.
- || ketamine / Generic mfg.
Review, Journal: The effects of anaesthetics and sedatives on brain inflammation. (Pubmed Central) - Aug 5, 2021
Conversely, morphine and fentanyl may have proinflammatory effects, causing behavioural changes in patients and changes in cell viability in vitro. Conversely, chronic administration of morphine induces CCL5 chemokine expression in microglial cells that promotes their survival.
- || morphine sulphate / Generic mfg.
Clinical, Review, Journal: Pre-emptive and preventive NSAIDs for postoperative pain in adults undergoing all types of surgery. (Pubmed Central) - Aug 5, 2021
Only one study reported clinically significant adverse events from NSAIDs administered before surgery and, therefore, we have very few data to assess the safety of either pre-emptive or preventive NSAIDs. Therefore, future research should aim to adhere to the highest methodology and be adequately powered to assess serious adverse events of NSAIDs and reductions in opioid adverse events.
- || ketamine / Generic mfg.
Clinical, Journal: Analgesic effects of intravenous ketamine after spinal anaesthesia for non-elective caesarean delivery: a randomised controlled trial. (Pubmed Central) - Aug 5, 2021
P4
Therefore, future research should aim to adhere to the highest methodology and be adequately powered to assess serious adverse events of NSAIDs and reductions in opioid adverse events. Intravenous administration of low dose ketamine before surgical incision significantly reduced the opioid requirement in the first 24 hours in patients undergoing non-elective caesarean delivery.
- | morphine sulphate / Generic mfg., tadalafil / Generic mfg.
Preclinical, Journal: Analgesia Additive Interaction between Tadalafil and Morphine in Experimental Animal Model. (Pubmed Central) - Aug 4, 2021
This outcome can be interpreted by the fact that both drugs share common pathways namely, NO-cGMP and opioid receptors. As a conclusion, morphine and tadalafil combination showed an additive effect against acute pain, which is mediated through the central nervous system, thus providing a rationale for combining them in order to decrease morphine dose and thus minimizing its side effect.
- | morphine sulphate / Generic mfg.
Journal: Changes in c-fos and p-CREB signaling following exposure to forced swim stress or exogenous corticosterone during morphine-induced place preference are dependent on glucocorticoid receptor in the basolateral amygdala. (Pubmed Central) - Aug 4, 2021
In the PFC, in addition to FSS, corticosterone could raise c-fos expression, which was blocked by RU38486. In conclusion, it seems that the intra-BLA administration of RU38486 differently modulates the effect of morphine-induced CPP on the expression of c-fos and p-CREB/CREB ratio in animals that underwent FSS or corticosterone administration.
- | morphine sulphate / Generic mfg., ketamine / Generic mfg.
Journal: Neurophysiological response properties of medullary pain-control neurons following chronic treatment with morphine or oxycodone: modulation by acute ketamine. (Pubmed Central) - Aug 4, 2021
A behaviorally subantinociceptive dose of acute ketamine reversed antinociceptive tolerance both to morphine and oxycodone in limb withdrawal and reversed the chronic morphine-induced pronociceptive discharge changes in RVM cells. The results indicate that an NMDA receptor-dependent descending pronociceptive circuitry involving the RVM has an important role in behavioral antinociceptive tolerance to morphine but not oxycodone.
- | morphine sulphate / Generic mfg., paracetamol / Generic mfg.
Journal: Perioperative Opioid and Non Opioid Prescribing Patterns in AVF/AVG Creation. (Pubmed Central) - Aug 4, 2021
Alternative analgesic agent use was low, suggesting an opportunity for improved pain control and opioid reduction. Dialysis access creation represents an opportunity to improve on opioid prescribing patterns.
- | MoxDuo IR (morphine + oxycodone) / QRxPharma, AbbVie, OxiFast (oxycodone immediate release) / Purdue, Shionogi, Mundipharma
Journal: Post-Discharge Opioid Use Following Lower Extremity Bypass Surgery. (Pubmed Central) - Aug 4, 2021
Over 60% of pills were unused, which poses significant societal risk for misuse. Our findings contribute to knowledge of operation-specific opioid use, which may shape practice recommendations and reduce opioid overprescription after vascular surgery.
- || morphine sulphate / Generic mfg.
Clinical, Journal: Evaluation of knowledge and comfort with opioid prescribing among pediatric hematology/oncology fellows. (Pubmed Central) - Aug 4, 2021
Despite high levels of reported comfort, PHO fellows in all levels of training demonstrated knowledge gaps. PHO fellows may benefit from further education in pain management.
- || quetiapine / Generic mfg.
Clinical, Review, Journal: Quetiapine and other antipsychotics combined with opioids in legal autopsy cases: A random finding or cause of fatal outcome? (Pubmed Central) - Aug 4, 2021
Thus, acute toxicity of quetiapine combined with morphine or methadone has not been studied. Because of quetiapine's effects on alpha-adrenoceptors, muscarinic and histamine receptors, human ether-a-go-go-channels and methadone kinetics, we suggest further research to clarify if the indicated additive effects of opioids and droperidol or acepromazine are also true for quetiapine.
- | morphine sulphate / Generic mfg.
Preclinical, Journal: Early life adversity promotes resilience to opioid addiction-related phenotypes in male rats and sex-specific transcriptional changes. (Pubmed Central) - Aug 4, 2021
LBN males also self-administered less morphine and had a lower breakpoint on a progressive ratio reinforcement schedule than controls...Collectively, these studies reveal that LBN causes a male-specific stress inoculation effect against addiction-related phenotypes. Identifying factors that promote resilience to addiction may reveal novel treatment options for patients.
- || morphine sulphate / Generic mfg.
Clinical, PK/PD data, Journal: Physiologically based pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model for the prediction of morphine brain disposition and analgesia in adults and children. (Pubmed Central) - Aug 4, 2021
In summary, an age-appropriate morphine PB-PK/PD model was developed for the prediction of brain pharmacokinetics and analgesic effects. In the neonatal population, pharmacodynamic characteristics, but not brain drug disposition, appear to be altered compared to adults and older children, which may explain the reported differences in analgesic effect.
- || morphine sulphate / Generic mfg.
Clinical, Journal: The Effectiveness of Transversus Abdominis Plane and Quadratus Lumborum Blocks in Acute Postoperative Pain Following Cesarean Section-A Randomized, Single-Blind, Controlled Trial. (Pubmed Central) - Aug 4, 2021
The patients who received TAPB had a higher demand for supplemental morphine injections (p < 0.039). In our study, none of the evaluated regional blocks demonstrated an advantage over the other regarding acute postoperative pain management.
- | morphine sulphate / Generic mfg.
Journal: Kratom Alkaloids as Probes for Opioid Receptor Function: Pharmacological Characterization of Minor Indole and Oxindole Alkaloids from Kratom. (Pubmed Central) - Aug 4, 2021
Isopaynantheine on the other hand was identified as the first kratom derived KOR agonist in vivo. While these minor alkaloids are unlikely to play the majority role in the biological actions of kratom, they represent excellent starting points for further diversification as well as distinct efficacy and signaling profiles with which to probe opioid actions in vivo.
- || ketamine / Generic mfg.
Clinical, Journal: Low-Dose Ketamine Infusion for Perioperative Pain Management in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Gastric Bypass: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial. (Pubmed Central) - Aug 3, 2021
The patient satisfaction questionnaires showed a significant difference with the ketamine group reporting lower maximum pain scores, a decrease in how pain limited activities of daily living once discharged, and increased hospital pain management satisfaction scores. Perioperative low-dose ketamine infusions significantly reduced opioid consumption in morbidly obese patients undergoing laparoscopic gastric bypass surgery.
- || morphine sulphate / Generic mfg., dexmedetomidine / Generic mfg.
Clinical, Journal: Efficacy of Dexmedetomidine Versus Morphine as an Adjunct to Bupivacaine in Caudal Anesthesia for Pediatric Thoracic Surgeries: A Randomized Controlled Trial. (Pubmed Central) - Aug 3, 2021
Postoperatively, the heart rate, blood pressure, pain score, and mean consumption of morphine were lower in group D as compared to the group M. There was no significant difference in the adverse effects between the two groups. The use of dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to bupivacaine for caudal anesthesia during pediatric thoracic surgeries induced better and prolonged postoperative analgesia as compared to morphine.
- | morphine sulphate / Generic mfg.
Enrollment closed, Trial completion date, Trial primary completion date: NEUROIMPA - Intraarticular Application of Opioids in Chronic Arthritis of the Knee Joint (clinicaltrials.gov) - Aug 3, 2021
P2/3, N=112, Active, not recruiting, Sponsor: Hildrun Haibel
The use of dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to bupivacaine for caudal anesthesia during pediatric thoracic surgeries induced better and prolonged postoperative analgesia as compared to morphine. Recruiting --> Active, not recruiting | Trial completion date: Jul 2020 --> Dec 2021 | Trial primary completion date: Jul 2020 --> Dec 2021
- morphine sulphate / Generic mfg.
[VIRTUAL] Opioid use practices for perioperative pain management of fibula free flaps: Comparison of International Practices () - Aug 3, 2021 - Abstract #AHNS2021AHNS_896;
The highest utilization was in the USA, which was approximately 7 times that of Italy, 5 times that of Argentina and twice that of India, despite all centers performing a similar procedure. Based on this study there are clear differences in prescribing methods and ideologies among surgeons from different countries.
- morphine sulphate / Generic mfg.
[VIRTUAL] Evaluation of Prescribing Patterns and Opioid Use in Post-Treatment Head & Neck Cancer Patients () - Aug 3, 2021 - Abstract #AHNS2021AHNS_553;
In our study, we identified trends in opioid prescribing and usage in our patient population centered in an academic tertiary care setting. Knowing when pain tends to increase, peak, and improve can better support a physician in proper dosage and in counseling the patient on pain expectations.
- morphine sulphate / Generic mfg.
[VIRTUAL] Effect of Virtual Reality on Pain Management After Head and Neck Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial () - Aug 3, 2021 - Abstract #AHNS2021AHNS_552;
We observed a trend towards greater enjoyment of the VR experience (5-point Likert scale: 4.4 ± 0.5 vs. 3.9 ± 0.7, p=0.07) and patients wanting to use the VR experience more often in their healthcare (5-point Likert scale: 4.6 ± 0.7 vs. 3.9 ± 0.7, p=0.07). There have been no adverse events reported.
- pregabalin / Generic mfg., gabapentin / Generic mfg., carbamazepine / Generic mfg.
[VIRTUAL] Analysis of Opioid and Adjunctive Medication Prescriptions in Head and Neck Cancer Patients () - Aug 3, 2021 - Abstract #AHNS2021AHNS_522;
In the time period under study, adjunctive medications such as gabapentin were prescribed much less than and rarely without opioids. Some head and neck cancer patients received ≥3 distinct opioids, with higher rates seen in those with adjunctive medicine prescriptions.
- morphine sulphate / Generic mfg.
[VIRTUAL] Implementation of a Multimodal Analgesia Protocol in Head and Neck Free Tissue Reconstruction to Reduce Opioid Usage () - Aug 3, 2021 - Abstract #AHNS2021AHNS_515;
Phase 1 resulted in a high variability of compliance (63.4%) and MMEs (median: 109.5 mg, IQR: 45-159.5), demonstrating the need for a formal implementation process. Barriers were identified by key stakeholders including the complexity of multiple settings, of the need for standardized analgesia order sets, intentional identification and engagement of nursing leadership able to disseminate information to all relevant nursing staff, and universal buy-in from all stakeholders.
- ketorolac / Generic mfg., gabapentin / Generic mfg.
[VIRTUAL] The Role of a Regional Nerve Block in Multimodal Analgesia Regimens in Head and Neck Free Tissue Reconstructive Surgery () - Aug 3, 2021 - Abstract #AHNS2021AHNS_494;
All patients were noted to be opioid naïve except two (10%) in the regional block only cohort. There was a clinically significant decrease in MMEs (28.2%) in the first 72 hours postoperatively when comparing the MMA group (median 70 mg, IQR: 7.5-111 mg) to the control (median 93 mg, IQR: 28.5-141 mg).
- oxycodone/acetaminophen / Generic mfg.
[VIRTUAL] Retrospective analysis of postoperative opioid prescription after thyroidectomy before and after the passing of Florida House Bill 21 () - Aug 3, 2021 - Abstract #AHNS2021AHNS_487;
This suggests patients undergoing thyroidectomy require less postoperative pain medications than previously prescribed. Our study highlights the need for continued review of opioid use in postoperative patients to minimize the potential for opioid misuse.
- cisplatin / Generic mfg.
[VIRTUAL] Effect of opioid receptor activation and blockage on the progression and response to treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma () - Aug 3, 2021 - Abstract #AHNS2021AHNS_320;
Upregulation and activation of MOR may promote tumor proliferation via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway and blockage of MOR may sensitize HNSCC to chemotherapy. Since opioids are widely used in the management of pain in HNSCC patients, understating the cellular and molecular events triggered by opioids and opioids antagonists is paramount.
- ||| morphine sulphate / Generic mfg.
Most definitely! It used to be taught. There’s so much more to palliative care than morphine drips and consulting hospice to learn @AmCollSurgeons #TulsaSurgery (Twitter) - Aug 2, 2021
- ||| fentanyl citrate / Generic mfg., morphine sulphate / Generic mfg.
I think we should quick in alleviating myeloma pain with opioid (morphine/fentanyl patches) but wean quickly. I can't emphasis the value of RT, vertebropasty, and lido patches. (Twitter) - Aug 2, 2021
- | morphine sulphate / Generic mfg.
Trial completion, Trial completion date, Trial primary completion date: Nalbuphine Versus Morphine for Mucositis Pain in Pediatric Cancer Patients (clinicaltrials.gov) - Aug 2, 2021
P3, N=80, Completed, Sponsor: Children's Cancer Hospital Egypt 57357
Since opioids are widely used in the management of pain in HNSCC patients, understating the cellular and molecular events triggered by opioids and opioids antagonists is paramount. Recruiting --> Completed | Trial completion date: Aug 2021 --> Dec 2020 | Trial primary completion date: Jun 2021 --> Dec 2020
- | morphine sulphate / Generic mfg.
Enrollment closed, Trial completion date, Trial primary completion date: A Randomized Control Trial Comparing Analgesic Benefits of Ultrasound-guided Single vs Continuous Quadratus Lumborum Blocks (QLB)vs Intrathecal Morphine(ITM) for Post Cesarean Section Pain (clinicaltrials.gov) - Aug 2, 2021
P4, N=75, Active, not recruiting, Sponsor: The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston
Recruiting --> Completed | Trial completion date: Aug 2021 --> Dec 2020 | Trial primary completion date: Jun 2021 --> Dec 2020 Recruiting --> Active, not recruiting | Trial completion date: Apr 2021 --> Dec 2022 | Trial primary completion date: Dec 2020 --> Dec 2022
- || ketamine / Generic mfg.
Clinical, Journal: Inkk Trial - Intraoperative ketamine for perioperative pain management following total knee endoprosthetic replacement in oncology: a double-blinded randomized trial. (Pubmed Central) - Aug 1, 2021
Recruiting --> Active, not recruiting | Trial completion date: Apr 2021 --> Dec 2022 | Trial primary completion date: Dec 2020 --> Dec 2022 In conclusion, low dose intraoperative ketamine infusion does not provide clinical benefit in perioperative pain management and postoperative rehabilitation following total knee endoprosthetic replacement in oncology.
- | morphine sulphate / Generic mfg.
Retrospective data, Journal: Systemic Opioid Reduction and Discontinuation Following Implantation of Intrathecal Drug-Delivery Systems for Chronic Pain: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis. (Pubmed Central) - Aug 1, 2021
A meaningful proportion of patients discontinue or decrease systemic opioid use following initiation of intrathecal drug delivery. Standard of care should include opioid dose tapering prior to intrathecal drug delivery to maximize the probability of systemic opioid discontinuation.
- | ketorolac / Generic mfg., ibuprofen / Generic mfg.
Journal: Opioid-Sparing Multimodal Analgesia After Selective Dorsal Rhizotomy. (Pubmed Central) - Aug 1, 2021
This MMA protocol may help reduce opioid use after SDR. Improving protocol implementation in a prospective, multisite study will help elucidate further MMA effects on pain, costs, and recovery.
- || ketorolac / Generic mfg., ibuprofen / Generic mfg.
Clinical, Journal: Multimodal Analgesia After Posterior Fossa Decompression With and Without Duraplasty for Children With Chiari Type I. (Pubmed Central) - Aug 1, 2021
Improving protocol implementation in a prospective, multisite study will help elucidate further MMA effects on pain, costs, and recovery. A protocol of scheduled nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs alternating with scheduled acetaminophen and diazepam was associated with opioid use reductions.
- || Eladur (bupivacaine) / Amneal
Clinical, Journal: Evaluation of Fixed Intrathecal Bupivacaine Infusion Doses in the Oncologic Population. (Pubmed Central) - Aug 1, 2021
Given the higher likelihood of adverse effects in catheters at T9-12 and the lumbar spine, we start at 8 mg/day with close follow-up of the patient. Initiating these doses allow our patients to safely reach adequate analgesia faster, with a shorter hospitalization and quicker return to anti-cancer therapy.
- || morphine sulphate / Generic mfg.
Clinical, Journal: Initiation of Intrathecal Drug Delivery Dramatically Reduces Systemic Opioid Use in Patients With Advanced Cancer. (Pubmed Central) - Aug 1, 2021
In the largest cohort of patients with advanced cancer and refractory pain treated with IDDS, implantation was associated with a dramatic reduction in systemic opioid use 30 days postoperatively, with a large majority of patients discontinuing systemic opioids. Those patients that continued systemic opioids utilized significantly lower doses as compared to their pre-implant dose.
- || morphine sulphate / Generic mfg.
Review, Journal: Post-translational Modifications of Opioid Receptors. (Pubmed Central) - Aug 1, 2021
In this Review, we focus on the opioid receptors, members of GPCR family A, and highlight recent advances in the field that have underscored the importance of PTMs in the functional regulation of these receptors. Since opioid receptor activity plays a central role in the development of tolerance and addiction to morphine and other drugs of abuse, understanding the molecular mechanisms regulating receptor activity is of fundamental importance.
- | morphine sulphate / Generic mfg.
Preclinical, Journal: Pre-exposure of adolescent mice to morphine results in stronger sensitization and reinstatement of conditioned place preference than pre-exposure to hydrocodone. (Pubmed Central) - Aug 1, 2021
Adolescent mice administered with morphine develop greater sensitization to its effects and subsequently reinstate conditioned place preference more readily than mice administered with hydrocodone. This suggests higher risk for relapse after pre-exposure to morphine during adolescence as compared to hydrocodone.
- | morphine sulphate / Generic mfg.
Journal: Association between timing of kyphoplasty and opioid prescribing risk after vertebral fracture. (Pubmed Central) - Aug 1, 2021
For patients not naïve to opioids before fracture diagnosis, early kyphoplasty was associated with less persistent elevation of opioid overdose risk. Subsequent trials must compare opioid use by vertebral fracture patients treated via operative (kyphoplasty) and nonoperative (ongoing opioid) strategies before concluding that kyphoplasty lacks value, and early referral for kyphoplasty may be appropriate to avoid missing a window of efficacy.
- | morphine sulphate / Generic mfg.
Journal: Peripheral Nerve Blockade with Combined Standard and Liposomal Bupivacaine in Major Lower Extremity Amputation. (Pubmed Central) - Aug 1, 2021
Peripheral nerve blockade is associated with reduced opioid requirements after lower extremity amputation when compared to general anesthesia alone. However, the incorporation of liposomal bupivacaine is not significantly different than blockade employing only standard bupivacaine.
- || morphine sulphate / Generic mfg., etoricoxib / Generic mfg., paracetamol / Generic mfg.
Clinical, Journal: Etoricoxib Can Reduce Post-Operative Morphine Consumption and Pain Score in Patients Undergoing Lumbar Laminectomy Compare to Acetaminophen: A Randomized Trial. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 31, 2021
Patients in the etoricoxib group had lower VAS scores than those in the acetaminophen group at 0, 12, 24, 48 hours, the difference being statistically significant at 48 hours (P < .001). Compared to acetaminophen, etoricoxib can significantly reduce post-operative morphine consumption and improve the pain score at 12, 24, and 48 hours.
- || morphine sulphate / Generic mfg.
Clinical, Journal: Preoperative opioid use is associated with increased risk of postoperative complications within a colorectal-enhanced recovery protocol. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 31, 2021
Preoperative opioid use is associated with increased risk of postoperative complications in elective colorectal surgery patients within an ERP. These results highlight the negative impact of opioid use, suggesting an opportunity to further reduce the risk of surgical complications through ERP expansion to include preoperative mitigation strategies for opioid-exposed patients.
- || morphine sulphate / Generic mfg., hydroxyurea / Generic mfg.
Biomarker, Clinical, Journal: Characteristics and Potential Biomarkers of Adult Sickle Cell Patients with Chronic Pain. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 31, 2021
This is the first study of NGF as a possible biomarker of CP in SCD. If confirmed, this could provide a diagnostic marker and therapeutic target for CP in SCD.
- || methadone / Generic mfg.
Review, Journal: Comparison of buprenorphine and methadone in the management of maternal opioid use disorder in full term pregnancies. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 31, 2021
Conclusions Medication assisted treatment favors buprenorphine use when compared to. methadone with an increased birthweight, reduced need for newborn treatment, and a shorter newborn length of stay in term infants.
- | risperidone / Generic mfg.
Journal: Pitfalls and challenges associated with phenoconversion in forensic toxcicology. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 31, 2021
Phenoconversion is as a complex phenomenon that leads to genotype-phenotype mismatch without any genetic abnormality particularly described for cytochromes P450 2D6 and 2C19. Although transient, phenoconversion can have a significant impact on the analysis and interpretation of genotype-focused clinical outcomes correlation and in forensic toxicology conclusions.
- || morphine sulphate / Generic mfg.
You know they will have morphine after their ears if they have surgery. (Twitter) - Jul 31, 2021
- || morphine sulphate / Generic mfg.
Clinical, Clinical protocol, Journal, HEOR: Tapering of prescribed opioids in patients with long-term non-malignant pain (TOPIO)-efficacy and effects on pain, pain cognitions, and quality of life: a study protocol for a randomized controlled clinical trial with a 12-month follow-up. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 30, 2021
P=N/A
Although transient, phenoconversion can have a significant impact on the analysis and interpretation of genotype-focused clinical outcomes correlation and in forensic toxicology conclusions. A better understanding of the efficiency and effects of opioid tapering could possibly facilitate attempts to taper opioid treatments, which might prove beneficial for both the individual and society.
- | fentanyl citrate / Generic mfg.
Journal: A deadly trend in fentanyl fatalities (England, 1998-2017). (Pubmed Central) - Jul 30, 2021
The increasing availability of both pharmaceutical fentanyls and NPFDs represents a serious risk to public health. Unintentional misuse of these compounds in England is contributing to the exponential increase in fentanyl-associated deaths that is being observed at the global scale.
- | morphine sulphate / Generic mfg.
Journal: Lateral Septum Mu Opioid Receptors in Stimulation of Feeding. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 30, 2021
Stimulation of mu opioid receptors using drugs like morphine can increase eating when injected into multiple brain regions including the lateral septum (LS)...Finally, muscimol rapidly elicited feeding, suggesting a role for LS GABA receptors in feeding stimulation. These findings suggest that mu opioid receptors in the LS play complex roles in feeding and that neural inhibition may be a mechanism by which they elicit feeding.