morphine sulphate / Generic mfg. 
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  • ||||||||||  morphine sulphate / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Chronic non-medical prescription opioid use and empathy for pain: Does pain make the difference? (Pubmed Central) -  Jan 6, 2022   
    This indicates that stronger emotion regulation indexed by high RMSSD-HRV might have downregulating effects on sharing others' pain in NMPOU individuals but not in healthy controls, which was further accompanied by decreased ratings of personal distress and empathetic concern. These results contribute to a better understanding of social functioning in chronic opioid users, suggesting adequate emotion regulation and empathy trainings as therapeutic targets for future interventions of opioid use disorders and long-term pain treatment with opioids.
  • ||||||||||  morphine sulphate / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Oxycodone versus morphine for analgesia after laparoscopic endometriosis resection. (Pubmed Central) -  Jan 6, 2022   
    Oxycodone was more potent than morphine for analgesia after laparoscopic endometriosis resection, and oxycodone has fewer side effects than morphine. Name of the registry: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry Trial registration number: ChiCTR1900021870 URL of trial registry record: http://www.chictr.org.cn/edit.aspx?pid=35799&htm=4 Date of registration: 2019/3/13 0:00:00.
  • ||||||||||  morphine sulphate / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Development of Persistent Opioid Use After Cardiac Surgery. (Pubmed Central) -  Jan 5, 2022   
    Oral morphine equivalents (OMEs) were calculated for the first opioid prescription filled after discharge...Furthermore, higher OMEs prescribed at discharge were significantly associated with developing persistent use. Centers must adopt protocols to increase patient education and limit opioid prescriptions after discharge.
  • ||||||||||  LY294002 / Eli Lilly
    Preclinical, Journal:  Akt and its phosphorylation in nucleus accumbens mediate heroin-seeking behavior induced by cues in rats. (Pubmed Central) -  Jan 5, 2022   
    Akt is initially identified as one of the downstream targets of phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) and is involved in morphine reward and tolerance...Additionally, a microinjection of LY294002, an inhibitor of PI3K, into the NAc inhibited the CS-induced heroin-seeking behaviors after 14 days of withdrawal, paralleling the decreased levels of p-Akt in the NAc...CS-induced heroin-seeking behavior was inhibited by downregulation of Akt1, but not β-arrestin 2, in the NAc. These data demonstrate that Akt phosphorylation in the NAc may play an important role in the incubation of heroin-seeking behavior, suggesting that the PI3K/Akt pathways may be involved in the process of heroin relapse and addiction.
  • ||||||||||  morphine sulphate / Generic mfg., clonidine / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Cell-type specific expression and behavioral impact of galanin and GalR1 in the locus coeruleus during opioid withdrawal. (Pubmed Central) -  Jan 5, 2022   
    Complementary experiments using NE-Gal overexpressor mice (NE-Gal OX) and systemic administration of the galanin receptor agonist galnon revealed that increasing galanin signaling also failed to alter behavioral withdrawal, while suppressing noradrenergic transmission with the alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonist clonidine attenuated multiple symptoms. These results indicate that galanin does not acutely attenuate precipitated opioid withdrawal via an LC-specific mechanism, which has important implications for the general role of galanin in regulation of somatic and affective opioid responses and LC activity.
  • ||||||||||  morphine sulphate / Generic mfg.
    Clinical, Journal:  Accuracy of self-reported opioid use in orthopaedic trauma patients. (Pubmed Central) -  Jan 5, 2022   
    This study suggests that most new patients presenting to an orthopaedic trauma clinic with acute injury will accurately report their narcotic usage within the preceding 3 months. Prior hospital admissions increased the likelihood of accurate reporting while higher MEDs or an ED visit prior to the initial visit increased the likelihood of underreporting.
  • ||||||||||  morphine sulphate / Generic mfg.
    Review, Journal:  Opioid-sparing effects of cannabinoids: Myth or reality? (Pubmed Central) -  Jan 4, 2022   
    A meta-analysis of pre-clinical studies indicated in 2017 that the median effective dose (ED) of morphine administered in combination with delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta-9-THC) is 3.6 times lower than the ED of morphine alone (Nielsen et al., 2017)...However, prospective high quality controlled clinical trials are still required to validate this. Priorities for future research are also discussed.
  • ||||||||||  morphine sulphate / Generic mfg.
    Clinical, Journal:  Psychopharmacological characterization of an emerging drug of abuse, a synthetic opioid U-47700, in adult zebrafish. (Pubmed Central) -  Jan 4, 2022   
    Several times more potent than morphine, U-47700 has high abuse potential and may cause clinical neurotoxicity, euphoria, respiratory depression and occasional mortality...Collectively, these findings emphasize a complex dose- and treatment-dependent CNS profile of U-47700 following its acute and chronic administration. Our study also supports high sensitivity of zebrafish to U-47700, and suggests these aquatic models as promising in-vivo screens for probing CNS effects evoked by novel synthetic opioid drugs.
  • ||||||||||  morphine sulphate / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Utility of the Pectoral Nerve Block (PECS II) for Analgesia Following Transaxillary First Rib Section. (Pubmed Central) -  Jan 4, 2022   
    An ultrasound-guided PECS II nerve block did not reduce postoperative pain scores or opioid consumption for patients undergoing a transaxillary first rib resection. However, a prospective, randomized, study with improved power would be beneficial to further explore the potential utility of a PECS II block for patients presenting for this surgical procedure.
  • ||||||||||  fentanyl citrate / Generic mfg., paclitaxel / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Cannabinoid CB Receptor Activation Attenuates Fentanyl-Induced Respiratory Depression. (Pubmed Central) -  Jan 4, 2022   
    Moreover, the CB agonist, administered alone, did not alter respiration. Our findings suggest that the CB cannabinoid agonist LY2828360 may provide CB-mediated protection against fentanyl-induced respiratory depression, a detrimental and unwanted side effect of opioid use and abuse.
  • ||||||||||  morphine sulphate / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Cannabinoid-2 Agonism with AM2301 Mitigates Morphine-Induced Respiratory Depression. (Pubmed Central) -  Jan 4, 2022   
    Moreover, a selective CB2R agonist (AM2301) significantly attenuated morphine sulfate-induced respiratory depression. Notably, findings suggest that attenuation of opioid-induced respiratory depression relies on CB2R activation, supporting selective CB2R agonism as an opioid adjunct therapy.
  • ||||||||||  morphine sulphate / Generic mfg., methadone / Generic mfg.
    Clinical, Journal, Adverse events:  Association of Opioid Consumption Profiles After Hospitalization With Risk of Adverse Health Care Events. (Pubmed Central) -  Jan 4, 2022   
    Patients with a history of using methadone or buprenorphine were excluded...Time-varying measures of opioid use included current use, daily morphine milligram equivalent (MME) dose, cumulative and continuous use duration, and type of ingredients in prescription opioids used...This study found an association between risk of adverse health care events and higher opioid doses and longer treatment duration. This finding can inform policies for limiting opioid duration and dose to attenuate the risk of avoidable morbidity.
  • ||||||||||  lorazepam / Generic mfg., midazolam hydrochloride / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Assessment of 2-Year Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Extremely Preterm Infants Receiving Opioids and Benzodiazepines. (Pubmed Central) -  Jan 4, 2022   
    In contrast, BSID-III scores for infants with short exposure to both opioids and benzodiazepines were not different than those of infants without exposure. In this study, prolonged combined use of opioids and benzodiazepines was associated with a risk of poorer neurodevelopmental outcomes as measured by BSID-III at 2 years' corrected age.
  • ||||||||||  morphine sulphate / Generic mfg.
    Clinical, Retrospective data, Journal:  The Opioid Epidemic in the United States: Where Do Patients Requiring Elective Arthroplasty Stand? (Pubmed Central) -  Jan 4, 2022   
    A notable, downward trend was seen in the proportion of patients who received opioids before elective arthroplasty, in the amount of opioid prescribed after surgery, and in TKA patients, the frequency of chronic opioid use after surgery. These findings reflect the effectiveness of efforts to combat the opioid epidemic after elective arthroplasty surgery.
  • ||||||||||  fentanyl citrate / Generic mfg., morphine sulphate / Generic mfg.
    Clinical, Journal:  Effects of Morphine and Fentanyl on Patients with COVID-19. (Pubmed Central) -  Jan 4, 2022   
    This may be due to the use of these drugs in the viral phase of the disease. The use of morphine and fentanyl in the viral phase of COVID 19 disease do not show significant benefits.
  • ||||||||||  morphine sulphate / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Association between county-level sociodemographic characteristics and county-level differences in opioid dispensing. (Pubmed Central) -  Jan 4, 2022   
    Opioid dispensing was measured using morphine milligram equivalents (MME) per capita...Conversely, minority race/ethnicity and rural population were associated with lower opioid dispensing. County-level sociodemographics can differ in their association with opioid dispensing, hence examining which county-level factors help in improving opioid prescribing, and implementing overdose prevention strategies that tackle these factors is important.
  • ||||||||||  morphine sulphate / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Satisfactory Pain Management With Minimal Opioid Use After Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair. (Pubmed Central) -  Jan 4, 2022   
    Patients required a median of 18 opioid pain pills or 135 morphine milligram equivalents (interquartiles, 6-35 pills) postoperatively over 6.9 ± 5.1 days...Overall, 74.4% of patients were satisfied with their postoperative pain management. Level II; Prospective cohort study.
  • ||||||||||  morphine sulphate / Generic mfg.
    Review, Journal:  Microbiome and substances of abuse. (Pubmed Central) -  Jan 1, 2022   
    Chronic morphine intake induces dysbiosis, increased intestinal permeability and a probable neuroinflammation, which could explain symptoms such as tolerance, hyperalgesia and deficit in reward behavior...Tobacco cessation is associated with an increase in microbiota diversity. Taken together, the findings of our narrative literature review suggest a bidirectional influence in the pathogenesis of substance use disorders.
  • ||||||||||  oxycodone/acetaminophen / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Patterns of Voiding Following Laparoscopic Hysterectomy. (Pubmed Central) -  Jan 1, 2022   
    Following laparoscopic hysterectomy (either conventional or with robotic-assistance) with a retrograde bladder fill of 150 mL normal saline most patients will void within 4 h after surgery. This is consistent with historic data on normal voiding patterns facilitating safe same day discharge without prolonged time in the PACU.
  • ||||||||||  morphine sulphate / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Association of the 2016 US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Opioid Prescribing Guideline With Changes in Opioid Dispensing After Surgery. (Pubmed Central) -  Jan 1, 2022   
    The primary outcome was the total amount of opioid dispensed in the first prescription filled within 7 days following surgery in morphine milligram equivalents (MMEs); secondary outcomes included the total amount of opioids prescribed and the incidence of any opioid refilled within 30 days after surgery...In this study, opioid dispensing after surgery decreased substantially after the 2016 CDC guideline release, compared with an increasing trend during the 2 years prior. Absolute amounts prescribed for surgery remained high during the study period, supporting the need for further efforts to improve postoperative pain management.
  • ||||||||||  fentanyl citrate / Generic mfg., morphine sulphate / Generic mfg., naltrexone / Generic mfg.
    Preclinical, Journal:  Antinociceptive and discriminative stimulus effects of six novel psychoactive opioid substances in male rats. (Pubmed Central) -  Jan 1, 2022   
    In this study, four synthetic opioids, acetyl fentanyl, butyryl fentanyl, AH-7921, and MT-45 produced effects similar to fentanyl and morphine and were blocked by naltrexone. These data suggest the four synthetic opioids possess similar abuse liability risks as typical opioid agonists.
  • ||||||||||  amphetamine / Generic mfg.
    Preclinical, Journal:  Selective manipulation of G-protein γ subunit in mice provides new insights into striatal control of motor behavior. (Pubmed Central) -  Dec 31, 2021   
    We reveal that Gαβγ/cAMP signal in DR-MSNs does not impact spontaneous and amphetamine-induced locomotor behaviors in male and female mice, while its loss in AR/DR-MSNs results in a hyperlocomotor phenotype and enhanced locomotor response to amphetamine...Finally, we show that Gαβγ signaling acting downstream of DRs is selectively implicated in the acute locomotor-enhancing effects of morphine...Furthermore, we reveal cell type-specific roles for Gαβγ-mediated cAMP production in the control of spontaneous locomotion as well as behavioral and molecular responses to psychostimulants. Our findings identify the γ protein as a novel therapeutic target for disease states associated with dysfunctional striatal cAMP signaling.