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7 Diseases |  |
379 Trials |
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379 Trials |  |
12426 News |  |
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- || morphine sulphate / Generic mfg., tramadol hydrochloride / Generic mfg., methadone / Generic mfg.
Review, Journal: Psychosis after buprenorphine, heroin, methadone, morphine, oxycodone, and tramadol withdrawal: a systematic review. (Pubmed Central) - Mar 8, 2022
This study encompasses a comprehensive description of the literature concerning the possible not well-studied outcome of opioid withdrawal. There are some reports of temporal association between withdrawal and psychotic symptoms that improved after the reintroduction of the opioid; it could be taken into consideration in the clinical practice.
- || morphine sulphate / Generic mfg.
Clinical, Journal: Multimodal Analgesia Reduces Opioid Requirements in Trauma Patients with Rib Fractures. (Pubmed Central) - Mar 8, 2022
There are some reports of temporal association between withdrawal and psychotic symptoms that improved after the reintroduction of the opioid; it could be taken into consideration in the clinical practice. The implementation of an MMPR in patients with rib fractures resulted in significant reduction in inpatient opioid consumption and was associated with a reduction in the quantity of opiates prescribed at discharge.
- morphine sulphate / Generic mfg.
Real-World Economic Benefit Administering Naloxone Among Patients with High and Low Dose Opioid Overdose (In-person & Virtual) - Mar 8, 2022 - Abstract #ISPOR2022ISPOR_1733;
Overall, 45.64% of HDOOP were 50-64 years, 63.71% female, 62.06% Caucasian, and 61.08% Medicare, and FL (10.07%) had highest rates. Overall, 42.72% of LDOOP were 50-64 years, 67.80% female, 58.23% Caucasian, and 50.59% had Medicare, and TX (12.30%) had highest rates.
- morphine sulphate / Generic mfg.
Geographic Variation of High-Risk Prescription Opioid Use Measures Among Disabled Medicare Beneficiaries, 2011-2018 (Virtual) - Mar 8, 2022 - Abstract #ISPOR2022ISPOR_1586;
In multi-year (2011-2018), cross-sectional analyses of disabled, non-cancer beneficiaries with > 2 opioid prescriptions, we examined geographic variation in high-dose use (≥120 daily morphine milligram equivalents for ≥90 consecutive days), multiple providers (receiving opioid prescriptions from ≥4 prescribers and ≥4 pharmacies), and concurrent benzodiazepine use (≥30 cumulative days)... Among disabled Medicare beneficiaries, we identified high-risk opioid use hotspots in 20-30% of HRRs, which may aid in developing targeted regional-level interventions and policies.
- morphine sulphate / Generic mfg.
Unintended Consequences of the CDC’s 2016 Guideline for Prescribing Opioids for Chronic Pain for the Individuals with Sickle Cell Disease (Virtual) - Mar 8, 2022 - Abstract #ISPOR2022ISPOR_807;
Release of the CDC guideline was associated with a decrease in opioid prescribing practices and unfavorable health outcomes in patients with SCD. The guidelines may have an unintended negative impact on this population.
- morphine sulphate / Generic mfg.
Integrated Twin Compression Screw Nail (ITCS)* Compared to Single Helical Blade Nail (SHB)** Results in Significantly Reduced Post Acute Costs in Patients with Intertrochanteric Hip Fractures (In-person & Virtual) - Mar 8, 2022 - Abstract #ISPOR2022ISPOR_252;
Further benefits are seen in opioid use and discharge destinations although these differences are not statistically significant. More evidence is needed to access if these hold in the longer term.
- | morphine sulphate / Generic mfg.
Retrospective data, Journal: Opioid-sparing strategies and their link to postoperative morphine and antiemetic administration: a retrospective study. (Pubmed Central) - Mar 8, 2022
More evidence is needed to access if these hold in the longer term. No abstract available
- | morphine sulphate / Generic mfg.
Journal: Trends in Opioid Use Among Cancer Patients in the United States: 2013-2018. (Pubmed Central) - Mar 8, 2022
Both quarterly trends in mean days and morphine milligram equivalents of opioids supplied showed a gradual decline from 2013 to 2018, with a slightly larger decline after 2016. We observed a decline in opioid use among cancer patients, particularly after 2016, coinciding with the publication of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's guideline on prescription opioids for chronic pain management.
- ||| Clinical guideline, Journal: For the Clinical Use-Clinical Guidelines for Pharmacological Management of Cancer Pain 2020 (Pubmed Central) - Mar 8, 2022
3. Continuous administration of opioid injection should be performed for more rapid analgesia in patients with severe pain (strong recommendation).
- | morphine sulphate / Generic mfg.
Preclinical, Journal: Chronic Sleep Deprivation Blocks Voluntary Morphine Consumption but Not Conditioned Place Preference in Mice. (Pubmed Central) - Mar 8, 2022
Both groups demonstrated morphine conditioned place preference (mCPP), but there were no differences in conditioned preference between rested and CSS mice. Taken together, our results show that recovery sleep after chronic sleep disruption lessens voluntary opioid intake, without impacting conditioned reward associated with morphine.
- | paclitaxel / Generic mfg.
Preclinical, Journal: Sex Differences in Kappa Opioid Receptor Agonist Mediated Attenuation of Chemotherapy-Induced Neuropathic Pain in Mice. (Pubmed Central) - Mar 8, 2022
Using an acute dose-response procedure, we showed that compared to morphine, 16-Ethynyl SalA was more potent at reducing mechanical allodynia; and SalA, 16-Ethynyl SalA, and EOM SalB were more potent at reducing cold allodynia...In the chronic administration model, treatment with U50,488 (10 mg/kg) reduced the mechanical and cold allodynia responses to healthy levels over 23 days of treatment. Overall, we have shown that KOR agonists are effective in a model of chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain, indicating that KOR agonists could be further developed to treat this debilitating condition.
- | morphine sulphate / Generic mfg.
Journal: Intraoperative Acupuncture as Part of a Multimodal Analgesic Regimen to Reduce Opioid Usage After Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Prospective Cohort Trial. (Pubmed Central) - Mar 8, 2022
Incorporating intraoperative electroauricular acupuncture into an existing multimodal analgesia regimen is a feasible way to maintain a low-dose opioid regimen after TKA. This research was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as Clinical Trial Number: NCT#04084288.
- | morphine sulphate / Generic mfg., tramadol hydrochloride / Generic mfg.
Journal: Evaluation of Low-Dose Versus High-Dose Opioid Pathway in Opioid-Naïve Patients After Total Knee Arthroplasty. (Pubmed Central) - Mar 8, 2022
Tramadol is a weak opioid with potentially lower side effects and risk for dependency than stronger opioids...We compared morphine milligram equivalent (MME) consumption and outcomes up to 3 months postoperatively...Low opioid regimen following TKA showed lower MME consumption than high opioid regimen with no effect on outcomes up to 3 months. Use of low opioid regimen should be considered for TKA surgery.
- | pethidine / Samaritan
New trial: Optimal Timing of Endoscopic Intervention in the Treatment of Chronic Pancreatitis. (clinicaltrials.gov) - Mar 8, 2022
P=N/A, N=225, Not yet recruiting, Sponsor: Changhai Hospital
- ||| morphine sulphate / Generic mfg.
Took off high flow oxygen, started morphine drip for the pain they had been choosing not to treat, aox3 when I came on shift; peaceful and non responsive when I left, sats in 70s; passed before I got back the next morning. (Twitter) - Mar 7, 2022
- Nurtec ODT (rimegepant ODT) / Portage, Pfizer
Reduction in Opioid Prescription Fills and Morphine Milligram Equivalent Dispensed Following Initiation of Nurtec ODT Treatment – A Real World Administrative Claims Study () - Mar 6, 2022 - Abstract #AAN2022AAN_2310;
Use of low opioid regimen should be considered for TKA surgery. A significant decrease in opioid use, measured by mean monthly fills and mean monthly MME dispensed, was observed in the months following initiation of rimegepant therapy.
- morphine sulphate / Generic mfg.
Severe Headache Trajectory Following Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: The Association with Lower Sodium Levels ([VIRTUAL]) - Mar 6, 2022 - Abstract #AAN2022AAN_2056;
In this study of headache after aSAH, we identified two distinct pain trajectory cohorts (mild-moderate and moderate-severe) and an association of these trajectories with age, analgesia, and sodium levels. Future multi-institutional prospective studies focusing on headache trajectories and phenotypes that account for standardized analgesic regimens, sodium homeostasis, and optimized volume status are needed.
- morphine sulphate / Generic mfg.
Remote Monitoring and Management of Chemotherapy Induced Peripheral Neuropathy (REMOTE-CIPN): A Randomized Trial of a Novel Telemedicine Care Model ([VIRTUAL]) - Mar 6, 2022 - Abstract #AAN2022AAN_2037;
Secondary endpoints include time to a 1.26 point reduction from the baseline NTSS6 (the minimal clinically important change), change in EORTC CIPN20, and the percentage of participants taking ≥50 mg mean morphine equivalents (MME) daily. REMOTE-CIPN will evaluate an innovative, telemedicine delivered care delivery model that has the potential to increase patient access to expert CIPN management, particularly for patients in rural and other medically underserved areas.
- morphine sulphate / Generic mfg.
Predictors of Opiate Utilization in the Treatment of Headache and Impact on 3-month Outcomes Following Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ([VIRTUAL]) - Mar 6, 2022 - Abstract #AAN2022AAN_1997;
Patients admitted with SAH require a large amount of opiates and continued to suffer from headache at 3 months follow-up. Studies are needed to identify opiate sparing analgesics
- morphine sulphate / Generic mfg., pramipexole IR / Generic mfg.
Pramipexole Improves the Analgesic Properties of Low-dose Morphine in the Treatment of Acute Pain () - Mar 6, 2022 - Abstract #AAN2022AAN_1539;
Studies are needed to identify opiate sparing analgesics Adjuvant treatment with PPX may provide a means to minimize patient exposure to opioids, reducing the associated risks.
- || morphine sulphate / Generic mfg.
Clinical, Journal: Liposomal Bupivacaine Local Infiltration for Buccal Mucosal Graft Harvest Site Pain Control: A Single-blinded Randomized Controlled Trial. (Pubmed Central) - Mar 5, 2022
P3
Adjuvant treatment with PPX may provide a means to minimize patient exposure to opioids, reducing the associated risks. Our study showed that LB infiltration of the BMG harvest site is safe and associated with lower 24hr narcotic use only at post-op day-1.
- || Dynastat (parecoxib) / Pfizer
Clinical, Journal: Efficacy of intravenous perioperative parecoxib administration in the surgical fixation of unstable ankle fracture: a prospective, double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. (Pubmed Central) - Mar 5, 2022
Our study showed that LB infiltration of the BMG harvest site is safe and associated with lower 24hr narcotic use only at post-op day-1. Although the perioperative administration of parecoxib did not provide significantly better postoperative pain control or reduce the opioid requirement relative to placebo, its use led to a shorter hospital stay.
- || morphine sulphate / Generic mfg.
Clinical, Journal: Prescription Opioid Characteristics and Nonfatal Overdose Among Patients Discharged from Tennessee Emergency Departments. (Pubmed Central) - Mar 5, 2022
Although the perioperative administration of parecoxib did not provide significantly better postoperative pain control or reduce the opioid requirement relative to placebo, its use led to a shorter hospital stay. In Tennessee, many patients treated in the ED for an overdose are still prescribed high-dose opioid analgesics after an overdose, highlighting a missed opportunity for intervention and coordination of care between ED and non-ED providers.
- | carbamazepine / Generic mfg.
Preclinical, Journal: Naloxone-reversible antidepressant-like effect of carbamazepine in mice: Without tolerance and withdrawal syndrome. (Pubmed Central) - Mar 5, 2022
Furthermore, in contrast to morphine, carbamazepine after repeated administration induced neither tolerance to the antidepressant-like effect nor withdrawal syndrome. The results demonstrated that carbamazepine exerted an antidepressant-like effect possibly through the opioidergic pathway, without inducing tolerance and withdrawal signs.
- | morphine sulphate / Generic mfg.
Preclinical, Journal: Effects of the prenatal exposure to crocin in the expression of withdrawal syndrome on reflexive motor behaviors in mice offspring's. (Pubmed Central) - Mar 5, 2022
In all studied factors, paternal + maternal exposed to morphine + crocin group had better results compared to the other crocin-received drug-naïve groups (P < 0.05). These results suggested prenatal exposure to crocin decreased morphine-induced adverse effect which paternal and maternal exposed to morphine + crocin had the highest prevention against these effects in mice offspring's.
- | morphine sulphate / Generic mfg.
Retrospective data, Journal: A Retrospective Comparison of Intravenous Opioid Use for Abdominal Pain in the Emergency Department After Implementation of Order Set Restriction. (Pubmed Central) - Mar 5, 2022
Future studies should continue to evaluate the impact of oral vs. i.v. opioids.
- | morphine sulphate / Generic mfg.
Preclinical, Journal: Effects of docosanyl ferulate, a constituent of Withania somnifera, on ethanol- and morphine-elicited conditioned place preference and ERK phosphorylation in the accumbens shell of CD1 mice. (Pubmed Central) - Mar 5, 2022
Moreover, the study shows that both WSE and DF can prevent ethanol- and morphine-elicited pERK expression in the AcbSh. Overall, these results highlight subtle but critical differences for the role of GABARs in the mechanism by which WSE affects these ethanol- and morphine-dependent behavioural and molecular/cellular responses and support the suggestion of WSE and DF for the control of different components of drug addiction.
- | fentanyl citrate / Generic mfg., morphine sulphate / Generic mfg.
Preclinical, Journal: Fentanyl but Not Morphine or Buprenorphine Improves the Severity of Necrotizing Acute Pancreatitis in Rats. (Pubmed Central) - Mar 5, 2022
Fentanyl post-treatment proved to be beneficial in AP. Clinical studies are needed to determine which opioids are best in AP.
- || Chirocaine (levobupivacaine) / Purdue, AbbVie
Preclinical, Review, Journal: The Potential Effect of Lidocaine, Ropivacaine, Levobupivacaine and Morphine on Breast Cancer Pre-Clinical Models: A Systematic Review. (Pubmed Central) - Mar 5, 2022
Methadone-related results are scarce. Additional research is clearly required to further study the mechanisms underlying the controversial effects of each analgesic or LA to establish the implications upon the outcome and prognosis of BC patients' treatment.
- | MoxDuo IR (morphine + oxycodone) / QRxPharma, AbbVie
Journal: The Relationship Between Postoperative Opioid Analgesia and Sleep Apnea Severity in Patients Undergoing Hip Arthroplasty: A Randomized, Controlled, Triple-Blinded Trial. (Pubmed Central) - Mar 5, 2022
P4
Secondary outcomes included the oxygen desaturation index, postoperative pain scores and intravenous morphine consumption...Oral oxycodone did not increase sleep apnea severity measured using respiratory polygraphy compared with oral tramadol on the first postoperative night after hip arthroplasty. Clinicaltrials.gov - NCT03454217 (date of registration: 05/03/2018).
- | morphine sulphate / Generic mfg.
Journal: Comparison of Two Morphine Dosing Strategies in the Management of Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome. (Pubmed Central) - Mar 5, 2022
Data indicate the dosing strategy impacts number of steps to reach maximum dose and need for adjunctive therapy. Weight-based dosing may decrease the number of steps required to reach the morphine maximum dose and the need for adjunctive therapy by controlling NAS symptoms earlier.
- | morphine sulphate / Generic mfg., clonidine / Generic mfg.
Journal: Implementation of Interprofessional Rounds Decreases Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome Length of Stay. (Pubmed Central) - Mar 5, 2022
Weight-based dosing may decrease the number of steps required to reach the morphine maximum dose and the need for adjunctive therapy by controlling NAS symptoms earlier. Formal weekly interprofessional NAS rounds decreased LOS and length of therapy.
- | morphine sulphate / Generic mfg., epinephrine / Generic mfg.
Journal, Video: Intercostal nerve blockade with liposomal bupivacaine reduces length of stay after video assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) lobectomy. (Pubmed Central) - Mar 5, 2022
Our study is by far the largest (N=302) to compare types of local anesthetic used for INB within a uniform case population. The reductions in LOS and opiate utilization observed in our study among patients receiving LB-based formulations were both statistically and clinically significant.
- | morphine sulphate / Generic mfg.
Journal: The Altered Migration and Distribution of Systemically Administered Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Morphine-Treated Recipients. (Pubmed Central) - Mar 4, 2022
Intraperitoneally administered MSCs migrated preferentially to the wound site, and this migration was significantly decreased in the morphine-treated recipients. The present results showed that morphine significantly influences the distribution of exogenous MSCs in the body, and decreases their migration to the site of injury.
- | morphine sulphate / Generic mfg.
Preclinical, Journal: Morphine dependence and withdrawal-induced changes in mouse Sertoli cell (TM4) line: Evaluation of apoptotic, inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers. (Pubmed Central) - Mar 4, 2022
This study showed that morphine dependence increased apoptosis probably via oxidative stress and inflammation pathways in TM4 cells. Also, it seems likely that spontaneous and naloxone withdrawal have beneficial consequences in the treatment of morphine dependence than methadone therapy, although they may require longer incubation periods.
- | ketorolac / Generic mfg., gabapentin / Generic mfg., ibuprofen / Generic mfg.
Retrospective data, Journal: Post-cesarean gabapentin is not associated with lower opioid consumption or pain scores in women on chronic buprenorphine therapy: A 10-year retrospective cohort study. (Pubmed Central) - Mar 4, 2022
In parturients receiving chronic buprenorphine, inclusion of gabapentin in a multimodal analgesic regimen was not associated with lower opioid consumption or pain scores during the first 72 h after cesarean delivery. Prospective randomized studies are needed to confirm these findings.
- || dexamethasone / Generic mfg., ropivacaine / Generic mfg.
Clinical, Journal: The impact of dexamethasone as a perineural additive to ropivacaine for PECS II blockade in patients undergoing unilateral radical mastectomy - A prospective, randomized, controlled and double-blinded trial. (Pubmed Central) - Mar 4, 2022
Prospective randomized studies are needed to confirm these findings. Dexamethasone 8 mg when added to ropivacaine 0.2% for PECS II block in unilateral radical mastectomy was not found to reduce total opioid consumption over 72 postoperative hours or to prolong duration of analgesia as compared to pure ropivacaine 0.2%.
- | morphine sulphate / Generic mfg.
Journal: Exercise can restore behavioural and molecular changes of intergenerational morphine effects. (Pubmed Central) - Mar 4, 2022
Moreover, the level of ΔFosB was decreased among MEO while it was increased after exercise. In conclusion, exercise might modulate the reinforcing effect of morphine via alteration in levels of D1DR, MOR, and ΔFosB.
- || Exparel (bupivacaine liposome injectable suspension) / Pacira
Clinical, Journal: Transversus abdominis plane block with liposomal bupivacaine versus continuous epidural analgesia for major abdominal surgery: The EXPLANE randomized trial. (Pubmed Central) - Mar 4, 2022
P=N/A
Patients assigned to TAP blocks required more opioid then epidural patients but had less hypotension. Clinicians should reconsider epidural analgesia in patients at risk from hypotension.
- | morphine sulphate / Generic mfg.
Preclinical, Journal: Intergenerational effects of preconception opioids on glucose homeostasis and hepatic transcription in adult male rats. (Pubmed Central) - Mar 4, 2022
Impaired glucose tolerance was observed in both CD and FSD MORF1 males, and to a more limited extent in FSD SALF1 males. These findings implicate intergenerational effects of adolescent morphine exposure on the risk of developing insulin resistance and associated comorbidities, even in the absence of an obesogenic diet.
- | morphine sulphate / Generic mfg.
Journal: PAciFy Cough-a multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial of morphine sulphate for the treatment of pulmonary Fibrosis Cough. (Pubmed Central) - Mar 4, 2022
P3
This multicentre, randomised trial will assess the effect of opioids on cough counts and cough associated quality of life in IPF subjects. If proven to be an effective intervention, it represents a readily available treatment for patients.
- | morphine sulphate / Generic mfg.
Enrollment open: Pre-emptive Intravenous Morphine for Acute Post-craniotomy Pain. (clinicaltrials.gov) - Mar 4, 2022
P=N/A, N=115, Recruiting, Sponsor: Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center
If proven to be an effective intervention, it represents a readily available treatment for patients. Not yet recruiting --> Recruiting
- | morphine sulphate / Generic mfg.
Journal: Influence of opioid limiting legislation on patient narcotic usage and provider burden in orthopedic trauma. (Pubmed Central) - Mar 4, 2022
Not yet recruiting --> Recruiting Legislation restricting opioid pain medications may be effective in decreasing opiate use in orthopedic trauma patients while decreasing provider burden.
- | ketamine / Generic mfg.
Journal: The effect of opioid-free anesthesia on the post-operative opioid consumption in laparoscopic bariatric surgeries: A randomized controlled double-blind study. (Pubmed Central) - Mar 4, 2022
Legislation restricting opioid pain medications may be effective in decreasing opiate use in orthopedic trauma patients while decreasing provider burden. OFA in patients undergoing bariatric surgeries significantly decreased the post-operative morphine consumption, the post-operative pain score, the intraoperative fentanyl consumption, and the PONV impact scale with the improvement of the recovery profile.
- | morphine sulphate / Generic mfg.
Journal: Medically supervised taper for ultra high-dose opioids with significant comorbidities using a multidisciplinary approach: A case report. (Pubmed Central) - Mar 4, 2022
This case report describes in detail the opioid tapering approach used to taper a 53-year-old male with chronic low back pain on a regimen of a morphine equivalent daily dose (MEDD) of 1,990 mg...The patient was discharged with an MEDD of 392 mg with additional taper as an outpatient to an MEDD of 200 mg. Adequate pain relief and resolution of side effects were achieved without the patient reporting significant withdrawal symptomatology in the outpatient setting.
- | dexamethasone / Generic mfg., morphine sulphate / Generic mfg.
Trial completion date, Trial primary completion date: RECIPE: Effect of Combinations of Paracetamol, Ibuprofen, and Dexamethasone on Patient-Controlled Morphine Consumption in the First 24 Hours After Total Hip Arthroplasty (clinicaltrials.gov) - Mar 4, 2022
P4, N=1060, Recruiting, Sponsor: Naestved Hospital
Adequate pain relief and resolution of side effects were achieved without the patient reporting significant withdrawal symptomatology in the outpatient setting. Trial completion date: Apr 2022 --> Apr 2023 | Trial primary completion date: Jan 2022 --> Jan 2023
- | Relistor (methylnaltrexone bromide) / Ono Pharma, Bausch Health
Preclinical, Journal: Methylnaltrexone crosses the blood-brain barrier and attenuates centrally-mediated behavioral effects of morphine and oxycodone in mice. (Pubmed Central) - Mar 3, 2022
These results provide converging behavioral and analytical evidence that MNTX administration in mice attenuates centrally-mediated effects produced by opioid analgesics and results in functional concentrations of MNTX and NTX in blood and brain. Collectively, these findings indicate that MNTX cannot be administered systemically in mice for making inferences that its effects are peripherally restricted.
- | morphine sulphate / Generic mfg., paclitaxel / Generic mfg.
Preclinical, Journal: Comparison of morphine, oxycodone and the biased MOR agonist SR-17018 for tolerance and efficacy in mouse models of pain. (Pubmed Central) - Mar 3, 2022
In a chemotherapeutic-induced neuropathy pain model SR-17018 is more potent and efficacious than morphine or oxycodone, moreover, this efficacy is retained upon repeated dosing of SR-17018. These findings demonstrate that, with the exception of the tail flick test, SR-17018 retains efficacy upon chronic treatment across several pain models.
- | morphine sulphate / Generic mfg.
Journal: Natural orifice versus conventional mini-laparotomy for specimen extraction after reduced-port laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer: propensity score-matched comparative study. (Pubmed Central) - Mar 3, 2022
NOSE enhances the advantages of RPLS by avoiding the need for abdominal wall specimen extraction in patients with tumor diameter ≤ 5 cm. Surgical and oncologic safety are comparable to RPLS with CSE.
- | morphine sulphate / Generic mfg.
Journal: dCA1-NAc shell glutamatergic projection mediates context-induced memory recall of morphine. (Pubmed Central) - Mar 3, 2022
Furthermore, chemogenetic and optogenetic inactivation of the dCA1-NAc shell pathway decreased the recurrence of long- and short-term morphine-paired context memory in mice. These results provided evidence that the dCA1-NAc shell glutamatergic projections mediated the context-induced memory recall of morphine.