ritonavir / Generic mfg. 
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  • ||||||||||  Lagevrio (molnupiravir) / Ridgeback Biotherap, Merck (MSD)
    Review, Journal:  A Comprehensive Update of Anti-COVID-19 Activity of Heterocyclic Compounds. (Pubmed Central) -  May 13, 2024   
    These compounds included; indole, piperidine, pyrazine, pyrimidine, pyrrole, piperazine, quinazoline, oxazole, quinoline, isoxazole, thiazole, quinoxaline, pyrazole, azafluorene, imidazole, thiadiazole, triazole, coumarin, chromene, and benzodioxole. Both in vitro and in silico studies were performed to determine the potential of these heterocyclic compounds in the fight against various SARS-CoV-2 proteins.
  • ||||||||||  Ojjaara (momelotinib) / GSK
    Journal:  Clinical assessment of momelotinib drug-drug interactions via CYP3A metabolism and transporters. (Pubmed Central) -  Apr 22, 2024   
    Momelotinib DDI perpetrator potential (multiple-dose) was evaluated with CYP3A4 and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) substrates (midazolam and rosuvastatin, respectively)...Safety findings were mild in this short-term study in healthy volunteers. This analysis suggests that momelotinib interactions with OATP1B1/1B3 inhibitors and BCRP substrates may warrant monitoring for adverse reactions or dose adjustments.
  • ||||||||||  ritonavir / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Crystal size, shape, and conformational changes drive both the disappearance and reappearance of ritonavir polymorphs in the mill. (Pubmed Central) -  Apr 1, 2024   
    We also show that those effects can be controlled through careful design of milling conditions since they dictate the kinetics of crystal breakage, dissolution, and growth processes that eventually lead to steady-state crystal sizes and shapes in the mill. This work highlights the huge potential of mechanochemistry in polymorph discovery of forms initially difficult to nucleate, recovery of disappearing polymorphs, and polymorph control of complex flexible drug compounds such as RVR.
  • ||||||||||  lopinavir/ritonavir/tenofovir (TLC-ART 101) / National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington
    Pediatric PBPK Scaling Model for a New Long-Acting, 3 HIV Drug Combination in a Single Injection (Poster hall) -  Mar 16, 2024 - Abstract #CROI2024CROI_755;    
    This integrated PBPK model may inform dose selection for clinical evaluation of long-acting HIV drug combinations such as TLC-ART 101, thereby accelerating pediatric access to long- acting treatments. To our knowledge, this drug-combination PBPK model is the first to demonstrate adaptability for multiple drugs as synchronized injections, integrating age-specific physiologic parameters.
  • ||||||||||  dolutegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (DTG/FTC/TAF) / Viatris
    Trial completion, Trial completion date, Trial primary completion date:  Switching From Protease Inhibitor/Ritonavir to Generic Single Tablet Regimen of Tenofovir Alafenamide/Emtricitibine/Dolutegravir (clinicaltrials.gov) -  Feb 28, 2024   
    P3,  N=170, Completed, 
    Together, liver disease, pharmacogenomic variation and drug-drug interactions may disrupt. Active, not recruiting --> Completed | Trial completion date: Dec 2022 --> Apr 2023 | Trial primary completion date: Dec 2022 --> Apr 2023
  • ||||||||||  Invirase (saquinavir) / Roche, Viracept (nelfinavir) / ViiV Healthcare, Roche
    Enrollment change, Trial completion date, Trial primary completion date:  A Prospective Cohort of Children With HIV Infection (clinicaltrials.gov) -  Feb 28, 2024   
    P=N/A,  N=500, Active, not recruiting, 
    Active, not recruiting --> Completed | Trial completion date: Dec 2022 --> Apr 2023 | Trial primary completion date: Dec 2022 --> Apr 2023 N=1000 --> 500 | Trial completion date: Dec 2030 --> Jun 2024 | Trial primary completion date: Dec 2030 --> Jun 2024
  • ||||||||||  ritonavir / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Inhibition of Plasmodium falciparum plasmepsins by drugs targeting HIV-1 protease: A way forward for antimalarial drug discovery. (Pubmed Central) -  Feb 2, 2024   
    In this study we demonstrate that HIV-1 drugs ritonavir (RTV) and lopinavir (LPV) exhibit the highest inhibition activity against plasmepsin II (PMII) and plasmepsin X (PMX) of P. falciparum...Structurally similar active sites of different vacuolar and non-vacuolar PMs suggest the potential of HIV-1 PIs in targeting these enzymes with differential affinities. Our structural investigations and biochemical data emphasize PMs as crucial targets for repurposing HIV-1 PIs as antimalarial drugs.
  • ||||||||||  ivermectin oral / Generic mfg.
    Journal, Real-world evidence, Real-world:  Real-world prescription of anti-COVID-19 drugs in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Japan. (Pubmed Central) -  Jan 30, 2024   
    A prescribed drug would depend on the latest scientific evidence, such as efficacy, safety, and approval status, at the time of prescription. Understanding the prescription of anti-COVID-19 drugs will be important for providing the most up-to-date treatments to patients and evaluating the benefit and/or risk of anti-COVID-19 drugs based on the utilization of an electronic medical record database.
  • ||||||||||  ritonavir / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Elucidation of Molecular Interactions Between Drug-Polymer in Amorphous Solid Dispersion by a Computational Approach Using Molecular Dynamics Simulations. (Pubmed Central) -  Jan 29, 2024   
    This study aims to investigate the formation and interactions of ritonavir (RTV)/poloxamer (PLX) amorphous formulation using a computational approach via molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, which mimicked solvent evaporation and melt-quenching method...This indicates that the suppression of translational motion of RTV from the melt method can be stronger than solvent evaporation caused by the intermolecular interactions of RTV-PLX. MD simulations helped in understanding the formation and interaction mechanisms of ASD formulations that were difficult to detect by experimental approaches.
  • ||||||||||  phenytoin / Generic mfg., piroxicam / Generic mfg., ritonavir / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Material-Sparing Feasibility Screening for Hot Melt Extrusion. (Pubmed Central) -  Jan 23, 2024   
    We present a screening flowchart, aided by a simple custom device, that allows rapid formulation screening to predict both achievable API loadings and expected degradation from an HME process. This method has good correlation to processing with a micro compounder, a common HME screening industry standard, but only requires 200 mg of API or less.
  • ||||||||||  Xiannuoxin (simnotrelvir) / Simcere, Shanghai Inst. of Materia Medica
    Journal:  Oral Simnotrelvir for Adult Patients with Mild-to-Moderate Covid-19. (Pubmed Central) -  Jan 21, 2024   
    P2/3
    Early administration of simnotrelvir plus ritonavir shortened the time to the resolution of symptoms among adult patients with Covid-19, without evident safety concerns. (Funded by Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT05506176.).
  • ||||||||||  ritonavir / Generic mfg.
    Journal, Metastases:  Advanced 3D Electrospinning "Xspin" System: Fabrication of Bifiber Floating Oral Pharmaceutical Scaffolds for Controlled Drug Delivery. (Pubmed Central) -  Jan 18, 2024   
    Herein, we fabricated a model floating pharmaceutical dosage for the dual delivery of curcumin and ritonavir and thoroughly characterized the product...Additionally, multivariate statistical analyses (ANOVA, pareto chart, etc.) were conducted to gain better insights and understanding of the results such as discern statistical differences among the studied groups. Overall, the Xspin system shows significant potential for manufacturing nanofiber pharmaceutical dosages with precise drug release capabilities, offering new opportunities for controlled drug delivery applications.
  • ||||||||||  ritonavir / Generic mfg.
    Preclinical, Journal:  Synapsin 2a/Synaptogyrin-3 interaction regulates fear extinction in mice. (Pubmed Central) -  Jan 4, 2024   
    Molecular docking revealed ritonavir, an FDA-approved HIV drug, could disrupt Syn2a-Syngr3 binding and rescue fear extinction behavior in Syn2a-elevated mice. In summary, aberrant Syn2a elevation and its interaction with Syngr3 at the presynaptic site were crucial in fear extinction resistance, suggesting a potential therapeutic avenue for related disorders.
  • ||||||||||  ritonavir / Generic mfg., clonidine / Generic mfg.
    PK/PD data, Preclinical, Journal:  The effect of ritonavir on the pharmacokinetics of clonidine in vivo and in vitro. (Pubmed Central) -  Dec 25, 2023   
    Our findings demonstrate that ritonavir exhibited an inhibitory effect on clonidine metabolism in vitro and in vivo. It suggests that concurrent use of clonidine with ritonavir required close monitoring of the clonidine plasma concentration to alert drug adverse reactions.
  • ||||||||||  ketoconazole / Generic mfg., indomethacin / Generic mfg., ritonavir / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Evaluation of a Three-Fluid Nozzle Spraying Process for Facilitating Spray Drying of Hydrophilic Polymers for the Creation of Amorphous Solid Dispersions. (Pubmed Central) -  Nov 25, 2023   
    For this purpose, the polymer was tested in formulations containing the weakly basic drug, ketoconazole, and the acidic drug, indomethacin, both classified as Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BSC) class II drugs, as well as the weakly basic drug ritonavir classified as BCS IV. Furthermore, ritonavir was used to show the enhanced drug-loading capacity of PVA derived from the advantageous viscosity profile that makes the polymer an interesting candidate for spray drying applications.
  • ||||||||||  Hepcludex (bulevirtide) / Gilead, Zokinvy (lonafarnib) / Eiger
    Clinical, Review, Journal:  Hepatitis D: A Review. (Pubmed Central) -  Nov 9, 2023   
    HDV infection affects approximately 12 million to 72 million people worldwide and is associated with more rapid progression to cirrhosis and liver failure and higher rates of hepatocellular carcinoma than infection with HBV alone. Bulevirtide was recently approved for HDV in Europe, whereas pegylated interferon alfa is the only treatment available in most countries.
  • ||||||||||  ivermectin oral / Generic mfg.
    Clinical, Retrospective data, Review, Journal:  Efficacy and Safety of Novel Oral Antivirals in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients: A Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials. (Pubmed Central) -  Nov 7, 2023   
    We searched for randomized clinical trials (RCTs) on the efficacy and safety of novel oral antivirals for the treatment of hospitalized COVID-19 patients until November 30, 2022, including baricitinib, ivermectin (IVM), favipiravir (FVP), chloroquine (CQ), lopinavir and ritonavir (LPV/RTV), hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), and hydroxychloroquine plus azithromycin (HCQ+AZT)...IVM appeared to be a safer option than placebo in improving recovery time, while FVP was associated with increased SpO2 safety outcomes. These preliminary evidence-based observations should guide clinical practice until more data are made public.
  • ||||||||||  Enhertu (fam-trastuzumab deruxtecan-nxki) / Daiichi Sankyo, AstraZeneca
    Population Pharmacokinetics of trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd) in HER2-positive breast cancer subjects: analyses across 12 Phase 1-3 studies (Hall 2-3) -  Nov 4, 2023 - Abstract #SABCS2023SABCS_1083;    
    Covariates previously detected to be statistically significant (cancer type, tumor size, albumin, race-country, body weight and sex for T-DXd; age, cancer type, AST, total bilirubin, ritonavir or itraconazole use, race-country, formulation and body weight for DXd) were retained in the PopPK model. Similar T-DXd and DXd exposures were obtained for the recommended dosing of 5.4 mg/kg Q3W T-DXd in BC subjects across categories of hepatic function, renal function, region, race-country, HER2 status, and line of therapy.
  • ||||||||||  Retrospective data, Journal:  Assessment of the available therapeutic approaches for severe COVID-19: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. (Pubmed Central) -  Nov 3, 2023   
    Database searching was performed separately for severe COVID-19 treatment such as anakinra, remdesivir, baricitinib, ivermectin, ritonavir, tocilizumab, sarilumab, sotrovimab, casirivimab/imdevimab...This meta-analysis has revealed that a considerable amount of research characterized by a very diverse methodology is available. Despite the limited data that met the criteria for inclusion in the meta-analysis, we showed that the available treatment options for severe COVID-19 are effective.
  • ||||||||||  prednisone / Generic mfg., ritonavir / Generic mfg.
    Review, Journal, Surgery:  Efficacy/Safety of the Use of Glucocorticoids in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. (Pubmed Central) -  Oct 27, 2023   
    PIs, ritonavir/cobicistat-boosted PIs, and InSTIs were the antiretroviral groups with the highest number of clinically relevant drug interaction pairs (levels one and two). It can be concluded that by making adequate use of glucocorticoid therapy in oral and maxillofacial surgery to manage clinical manifestations, it is possible to attenuate the morbidities of treatment and intervention.
  • ||||||||||  ritonavir / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Synthesis and evaluation of highly potent HBV capsid assembly modulators (CAMs). (Pubmed Central) -  Oct 24, 2023   
    1B) was performed and led to the discovery of non-toxic compound 10a displaying sub-nanomolar anti-HBV activity. Advanced toxicity and cellular pharmacology profiles of compounds 10a were also established and the results are discussed herein.
  • ||||||||||  ombitasvir (ABT-267) / AbbVie, Mavyret (glecaprevir/pibrentasvir) / AbbVie, Enanta Pharma
    Retrospective data, Review:  The efficacy and safety of direct-acting antiviral regimens for end-stage renal disease patients with HCV infection: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. (Pubmed Central) -  Oct 22, 2023   
    Network meta-analyses of the DAAs found that receiving ombitasvir (OBV)/paritaprevir (PTV)/ritonavir (R) plus dasabuvir (DSV), glecaprevir (G)/pibrentasvir (P), and sofosbuvir (SOF)/ledipasvir (LDV) ranked as the top three efficacy factors for the HCV-infected ESRD patients...DAA regimens without Ribavirin or SOF showed the lowest rates of AEs (49.9%; 95% CI, 38.4%-61.5%) in HCV-infected ESRD patients...The OBV/PTV/R plus DSV, SOF/Velpatasvir (VEL), SOF/Ledipasvir (LDV), and SOF/DCV would be reliable alternatives for HCV treatment with comparable efficacy and safety profiles. https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/#searchadvanced, PROSPERO: CRD42021242359.
  • ||||||||||  fosamprenavir / Generic mfg.
    Trial completion:  Study Of An Investigational Regimen Including FDA Approved HIV Drugs In HIV-Infected Pediatric Subjects (clinicaltrials.gov) -  Oct 10, 2023   
    P2,  N=59, Completed, 
    Thus, primary hepatocytes cultured in a 3D culture system may be a useful in vitro system for the comprehensive evaluation of bilirubin metabolic function and risk assessment in bilirubin metabolic disorders for drug development. Unknown status --> Completed
  • ||||||||||  Preclinical, Journal:  Carbonic anhydrase inhibition by antiviral drugs in vitro and in silico. (Pubmed Central) -  Oct 9, 2023   
    Unknown status --> Completed Herein, the selected five active antiviral drugs, abacavir, emtricitabine, lamivudine, ribavirin, and ritonavir, were assayed as inhibitors of two human isoforms of the metalloenzyme carbonic anhydrase (hCA, EC 4.2.1.1) involved in various physiological/pathological conditions...The hCA I, an isoform involved in some pathological conditions such as retinal or cerebral edema, was moderately inhibited by these five drugs at micromolar concentrations with K s spanning from 0.49?
  • ||||||||||  Enhertu (fam-trastuzumab deruxtecan-nxki) / Daiichi Sankyo, AstraZeneca
    Trial completion date, Metastases:  A104: Study of DS-8201a for Participants With Advanced Solid Malignant Tumors (clinicaltrials.gov) -  Sep 21, 2023   
    P1,  N=40, Active, not recruiting, 
    While providing analytical performance similar to conventional techniques, LFR reduced the single measurement time from 66 min (XRPD) to 10 s (LFR) without the need for tedious sample preparation procedures. Trial completion date: Sep 2023 --> Mar 2024