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  • ||||||||||  fentanyl citrate / Generic mfg.
    Preclinical, Journal:  Quantification of Furanyl Fentanyl and its Metabolites in Human and Rat Plasma using LC-MS/MS. (Pubmed Central) -  Sep 25, 2020   
    Fentanyl analogs (novel and traditional) continue to impact the ever-growing opioid epidemic...Analytes were stable under all conditions and dilution integrity was sustained. The method was successfully cross-validated in rat plasma with acceptable bias (-7.4-4.4%), precision (within-run  25% suppression), recoveries (79.2-94.5%), and dilution integrity (1/2 and 1/10).
  • ||||||||||  fentanyl citrate / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Isotonitazene Quantitation and Metabolite Discovery in Authentic Forensic Casework. (Pubmed Central) -  Sep 25, 2020   
    The synthetic opioid landscape continues to change as non-fentanyl-related substances appear in forensic toxicology casework...Toxicologists, medical examiners, and coroners should be aware of novel opioids outside the standard scope of testing, especially in medicolegal death investigations. Forensic scientists should add isotonitazene to testing procedures, and public health officials should counsel about potent new drugs and the dangers of opioid use.
  • ||||||||||  fentanyl citrate / Generic mfg.
    Clinical, Journal:  Sedation in Pediatric Bronchoscopy: Propofol versus Fentanyl. (Pubmed Central) -  Sep 25, 2020   
    Forensic scientists should add isotonitazene to testing procedures, and public health officials should counsel about potent new drugs and the dangers of opioid use. No abstract available
  • ||||||||||  fentanyl citrate / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Monoclonal Antibodies for Combating Synthetic Opioid Intoxication. (Pubmed Central) -  Sep 24, 2020   
    Specifically, fentanyl and related analogues such as carfentanil pose a significant danger to opioid users due to their high potency and rapid acting depression of respiration...While naloxone is known for its short half-life, we found the half-life of 6A4 to be approximately six days in mice, thus monoclonal antibodies could theoretically be useful in preventing re-narcotization events in which opioid intoxication recurs following quick metabolism of naloxone. Our results as a whole demonstrate that monoclonal antibodies could be a desirable treatment modality for synthetic opioid overdose and possibly opioid use disorder.
  • ||||||||||  fentanyl citrate / Generic mfg., Duragesic (fentanyl) / J&J
    Journal:  Transdermal Fentanyl Uptake at Two Different Patch Locations in Swiss White Alpine Sheep. (Pubmed Central) -  Sep 24, 2020   
    The TFP applied on the foreleg allowed a faster fentanyl uptake with higher peaks and a longer time within or above the target concentration of 0.6-1.5 ng/mL, shown to be analgesic in humans, when compared to the one on the thorax. Assuming that the effective plasma concentration described for humans is providing analgesia in sheep as well, the present findings suggest that it should be sufficient to apply the TFP 3-6 h before the painful insult and that its effect should last at least 48 h. Furthermore, when TFP are used to provide postoperative analgesia in sheep, they should be placed on the foreleg rather than on the thorax.
  • ||||||||||  fentanyl citrate / Generic mfg., methadone / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  The relative lethal toxicity of pharmaceutical and illicit substances; A 16-year study of the Greater Newcastle Hunter Area, Australia. (Pubmed Central) -  Sep 23, 2020   
    Assuming that the effective plasma concentration described for humans is providing analgesia in sheep as well, the present findings suggest that it should be sufficient to apply the TFP 3-6 h before the painful insult and that its effect should last at least 48 h. Furthermore, when TFP are used to provide postoperative analgesia in sheep, they should be placed on the foreleg rather than on the thorax. Knowledge of relative lethal toxicity is useful to prescribers and medicines and public health policy makers in restricting access to more toxic drugs and may also assist coroners in determining cause of death.
  • ||||||||||  fentanyl citrate / Generic mfg., noscapine (CB 3304) / J&J
    Journal:  Rapid screening of trace volatile and nonvolatile illegal drugs by miniature ion trap mass spectrometry: synchronized flash-thermal-desorption purging and ion injection. (Pubmed Central) -  Sep 23, 2020   
    The miniature SFTDPI-ITMS presents good performance: 1) more than 60 times improvement in sensitivity was achieved compared with the previously reported thermal desorption acetone-assisted photoionization ion trap mass spectrometer (TD-AAPI-ITMS) for nonvolatile drugs, and the minimum detectable quantity reach to 50 picograms for fentanyl; 2) ten kinds of mixing drugs with boiling point difference of 300 °C can be simultaneously identified within 3 seconds under a single analysis. The SFTDPI-ITMS had been deployed at the roadside checkpoint of Sino-Burmese border, fentanyl in the captured encapsulated powder and the suspected opiate had been successfully identified.
  • ||||||||||  fentanyl citrate / Generic mfg.
    Preclinical, Journal:  Quantification of Opioids in Urine using an Aptamer-based Free-solution Assay. (Pubmed Central) -  Sep 23, 2020   
    Using FSA, oxycodone, hydrocodone, fentanyl and their urinary metabolites were quantified using 5 µL of urine at 28-81 pg/mL, with >95% specificity and excellent accuracy in ~1 hour. The assay sensitivity, small sample size requirement, and speed could enable opioid screening, particularly for neonates and points to the potential for pharmacokinetic tracking.
  • ||||||||||  fentanyl citrate / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Identification of a novel fentanyl analogue: p-hydroxy-butyrylfentanyl. (Pubmed Central) -  Sep 23, 2020   
    In this publication, we detail the characterization of a new fentanyl analogue N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-N-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)-butyramide (p-hydroxy-butyrylfentanyl) encountered in drug casework in the Netherlands. Characterization was performed using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray fluorescence (XRF).
  • ||||||||||  ketamine / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Opioid-sparing effect of a medetomidine constant rate infusion during thoraco-lumbar haemilaminectomy in dogs administered a ketamine infusion. (Pubmed Central) -  Sep 23, 2020   
    Characterization was performed using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray fluorescence (XRF). The addition of a low-dose medetomidine CRI to the anaesthetic protocol decreased the need for a fentanyl CRI in otherwise healthy dogs undergoing thoraco-lumbar hemilaminectomy surgery during administration of a ketamine CRI.
  • ||||||||||  fentanyl citrate / Generic mfg., Chirocaine (levobupivacaine) / Purdue, methadone / Generic mfg.
    Clinical, Journal, HEOR:  Peripheral nerve block versus systemic analgesia in dogs undergoing tibial plateau levelling osteotomy: Analgesic efficacy and pharmacoeconomics comparison. (Pubmed Central) -  Sep 23, 2020   
    The addition of a low-dose medetomidine CRI to the anaesthetic protocol decreased the need for a fentanyl CRI in otherwise healthy dogs undergoing thoraco-lumbar hemilaminectomy surgery during administration of a ketamine CRI. Compared with group fTCI, incidence of bradycardia, nociceptive response to surgery, postoperative pain scores, cumulative methadone requirement were lower, and food intake was greater in group PNB, with an economic advantage in dogs weighing >15 kg.
  • ||||||||||  fentanyl citrate / Generic mfg.
    Clinical, Journal:  Does Including Dexmedetomidine Improve Outcomes After Intravenous Sedation for Outpatient Dentoalveolar Surgery? (Pubmed Central) -  Sep 21, 2020   
    More evidence-informed tools are needed to effectively challenge misinformed narratives in mainstream and social media. Using a DXM infusion with outpatient dentoalveolar surgery allowed for acceptable levels of sedation, greater patient satisfaction, and longer anesthesia and appointment times and often resulted in lower BP and heart rate.
  • ||||||||||  fentanyl citrate / Generic mfg.
    Clinical, Journal:  Comparison of sciatic nerve block quality achieved using the anterior and posterior approaches: a randomised trial. (Pubmed Central) -  Sep 21, 2020   
    Anterior and posterior approaches can be used to achieve sciatic nerve block in patients undergoing surgery for malleolar fractures. However, better anaesthesia and pain control results can be obtained if analgesia is administered preoperatively in patients with a posterior approach block and after the start of the operation in patients with an anterior approach block.
  • ||||||||||  fentanyl citrate / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Effect of Intravenous Paracetamol with Bupivacaine Scalp Nerve Block on Haemodynamics Response as Well as Anaesthetic Requirements during Supratentorial Craniotomies. (Pubmed Central) -  Sep 20, 2020   
    However, mean MAP of Group B remained significantly lower than that of Group A in different time interval. The mean heart rate of Group B remained significantly lower than that of Group A. The mean intraoperative propofol as well as fentanyl requirements were significantly decreased in Group B in comparison to Group A. The combination of intravenous paracetamol with bupivacaine scalp nerve block provides better intra-operative haemodynamic stability and neurosurgical compliances for the patients undergoing supratentorial craniotomies under general anaesthesia.
  • ||||||||||  fentanyl citrate / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Toward the interpretation of positive testing for fentanyl and its analogs in real hair samples: preliminary considerations. (Pubmed Central) -  Sep 19, 2020   
    The common occurrence of samples positive for multiple drugs may suggest that use is equally prevalent among consumers, which is not the case, as correlations based on quantitative results demonstrated. We believe this set of experimental observations provides a useful starting point for a wide discussion aimed to better understanding positive hair testing for fentanyl and its analogs in hair samples.
  • ||||||||||  fentanyl citrate / Generic mfg.
    Retrospective data, Journal:  Comparison of ultrasound-guided and nerve stimulator-guided interscalene blocks as a sole anesthesia in shoulder arthroscopic rotator cuff repair: A retrospective study. (Pubmed Central) -  Sep 18, 2020   
    The volume of local anesthetics used for ISB was 29.7 ± 8.9 mL in the US-ISB group versus 38.1 ± 4.8 mL in the NS-ISB group (P < .001). The intraoperative use of analgesics and sedatives such as fentanyl, midazolam and propofol in combination was significantly lowered in the US-ISB group (P < .001).US-ISB is a more effective and safer approach for providing intense block to NS-ISB because it can decrease the incidence of conversion to general anesthesia and reduce the use of analgesics and sedatives during arthroscopic shoulder surgery.
  • ||||||||||  Olinvyk (oliceridine) / Trevena, Jiangsu NHWA Pharma
    Review, Journal:  Oliceridine and its potential to revolutionize GI endoscopy sedation. (Pubmed Central) -  Sep 18, 2020   
    For an anesthesia provider, the administration of oliceridine can eliminate the need for drugs such as fentanyl that add to the respiratory depressant properties of propofol. As a result, oliceridine has the potential to render the sedation for GI endoscopy procedures both safe and cost-effective.
  • ||||||||||  fentanyl citrate / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Behavioral Pharmacology of Drugs Acting at Mu Opioid Receptors. (Pubmed Central) -  Sep 16, 2020   
    The dramatic escalation in overdose deaths over the last 15 years was initially driven by abuse of prescription opioids, although abuse of heroin, fentanyl, and fentanyl analogs has been increasing, largely due to increased availability and lower cost compared with prescription opioids...In fact, drugs that act at mu opioid receptors, including abused opioids, can vary on a number of dimensions, including pharmacological efficacy, drug-receptor interactions, receptor selectivity, and pharmacokinetics. Overall, these differences impact behavioral effects of drugs acting at mu opioid receptors, and this chapter describes variations in those behavioral effects and how these differences continue to provide new strategies that can be developed to address the ongoing opioid epidemic.
  • ||||||||||  Journal:  Newly Emerging Drugs of Abuse. (Pubmed Central) -  Sep 16, 2020   
    In this review, epidemiology, chemistry, pharmacophysiology, clinical effects, laboratory detection, and clinical treatment are discussed for newly emerging drugs of abuse in the following classes: (1) opioids (e.g., fentanyl, fentanyl analogues, and mitragynine), (2) cannabinoids [THC and its analogues, alkylindole (e.g., JWH-018, JWH-073), cyclohexylphenol (e.g., CP-47,497), and indazole carboxamide (e.g., FUB-AMB, ADB-FUBINACA)], (3) stimulants and hallucinogens [β-keto amphetamines (e.g., methcathinone, methylone), pyrrolidinophenones (e.g., α-PVP, MDPV), and dimethoxyphenethylamine ("2C" and "NBOMe")], (4) dissociative agents (e.g., 3-MeO-PCP, methoxetamine, 2-oxo-PCE), and (5) sedative-hypnotics (e.g., gabapentin, baclofen, clonazolam, etizolam). It is critically important to coordinate hospital, medical examiner, and law enforcement personnel with laboratory services to respond to these emerging threats.
  • ||||||||||  fentanyl citrate / Generic mfg.
    [VIRTUAL] Severe Methemoglobinemia After Benzocaine Spray Use During Endoscopy () -  Sep 15, 2020 - Abstract #ACG2020ACG_1824;    
    Benzocaine 20% spray was used for topical pharyngeal anesthesia and she was sedated with Fentanyl and Midazolam, prior to introducing the endoscope...Another study later reported that benzocaine-containing topical anesthetics were 3.7-fold more likely to be associated with MHb than products not containing benzocaine. Many have questioned the use of topical agents altogether given its possible fatal adverse effect, however, a large prospective study is required to support this notion.
  • ||||||||||  fentanyl citrate / Generic mfg.
    [VIRTUAL] Factors Associated With Maintenance of Insufflation During Colonoscopy () -  Sep 15, 2020 - Abstract #ACG2020ACG_1780;    
    Twelve participants were excluded and 37 participants had incomplete questionnaires. We found that difficulty maintaining insufflation was reported in 129 (26%) participants compared to 364 participants where no difficulty was reported.