fentanyl citrate / Generic mfg. 
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  • ||||||||||  fentanyl citrate / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Uncovering the analgesic effects of a pH-dependent mu-opioid receptor agonist using a model of non-evoked ongoing pain. (Pubmed Central) -  May 15, 2021   
    Here, we examined reward, locomotor activity, and defecation in rats with complete Freund's adjuvant-induced paw inflammation to compare fentanyl's and NFEPP's potentials to induce side effects and to inhibit spontaneous pain...Using a peripherally restricted antagonist we provide evidence that NFEPP-induced place preference is mediated by peripheral opioid receptors. Our results indicate that a low dose of NFEPP produces reward by abolishing spontaneous inflammatory pain.
  • ||||||||||  fentanyl citrate / Generic mfg., methamphetamine / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Non-contact vapor detection of illicit drugs via atmospheric flow tube-mass spectrometry. (Pubmed Central) -  May 15, 2021   
    Molecules unlikely to form adducts will remain essentially unimpacted, but the adduct-forming species will interact with the dopant to compress the analyte signal into a single peak. This approach would be valuable in the application of non-contact screening for illicit substances via vapor collection followed by thermal desorption for analysis.
  • ||||||||||  Instanyl (fentanyl) / Takeda
    Journal:  Closed reduction of paediatric forearm fractures: nitrous oxide versus general anaesthetic. (Pubmed Central) -  May 15, 2021   
    Adding dexmedetomidine and fentanyl to intrathecal bupivacaine improved postoperative analgesia following abdominal surgery for cancer in children, with better overall analgesia of dexmedetomidine compared with fentanyl. Closed reduction of paediatric forearm fractures performed under nitrous oxide with intranasal fentanyl is safe, effective and achieves comparable re-intervention rates and adverse events to those performed under GA in the operating theatre.
  • ||||||||||  fentanyl citrate / Generic mfg.
    Clinical, Journal:  Optimization of electromagnetic hot spots in surface-enhanced Raman scattering substrates for an ultrasensitive drug assay of emergency department patients' plasma. (Pubmed Central) -  May 15, 2021   
    Herein we report the programmable preparation of ultrasensitive surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-based nanoplasmonic superlattice substrates to assay fentanyl and cocaine (detection and quantification) from 10 μL aliquots of emergency department patient plasma without the need for purification steps...The demonstrated sensitivity and selectivity of 3D superlattice substrates for SERS-based drug analysis in real toxicological samples are expected to advance the field of measurement science, and forensic and clinical toxicology by obviating the need for complicated sample processing steps, long assay times, and the low sensitivity of existing "gold standard" analytical techniques including gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Taken together, we believe that this entirely new and reproducible superlattice substrate for the SERS analysis will aid scientific, forensic, and healthcare communities to battle the drug overdose epidemic in the United States.
  • ||||||||||  fentanyl citrate / Generic mfg., isoflurane / Generic mfg.
    Preclinical, Journal:  Comparison of static and dynamic cerebral autoregulation under anesthesia influence in a controlled animal model. (Pubmed Central) -  May 15, 2021   
    The autoregulatory response time to induced oscillations in intracranial pressure and blood pressure, measured as the phase lag between intracranial pressure and blood pressure, was able to determine autoregulatory impairment in agreement with static autoregulation. Static and dynamic CA both show impairment in high dose isoflurane anesthesia, while low isoflurane in combination with fentanyl anesthesia maintains CA, offering a repeatable animal model for CA studies.
  • ||||||||||  fentanyl citrate / Generic mfg.
    Preclinical, Journal:  Methocinnamox (MCAM) reverses and prevents fentanyl-induced ventilatory depression in rats. (Pubmed Central) -  May 15, 2021   
    Significance Statement This study demonstrates that, like naloxone, MCAM reverses the ventilatory depressant effects of fentanyl in a time- and dose-related manner. However, unlike naloxone, the duration of action of MCAM was greater than 2 weeks when administered s.c. and up to 5 days when administered i.v. These data suggest that MCAM might be particularly useful for rescuing individuals from opioid overdose, including fentanyl, as well as protecting against the reemergence of ventilatory depression (renarconization).
  • ||||||||||  Chantix (varenicline) / Pfizer, nalbuphine / Endo
    Journal:  Enhancement of opioid antinociception by nicotinic ligands. (Pubmed Central) -  May 15, 2021   
    The present study demonstrates that the nAChR agonist epibatidine and partial a4b2 nAChR agonist varenicline can also augment the antinociceptive effects of nalbuphine, as well as those of a KOR agonist, without concomitantly exacerbating their behaviorally disruptive effects. These findings support the view that nAChR agonists and partial agonists may have potential as adjuvant therapies for opioid-based analgesics.
  • ||||||||||  Journal:  Preventive Analgesia, Hemodynamic Stability, and Pain in Vitreoretinal Surgery. (Pubmed Central) -  May 15, 2021   
    We randomly assigned 176 patients undergoing VRS to receive GA with SPI-guided FNT administration alone (GA group) or with preventive topical 2% proparacaine (topical anaesthesia (TA) group), a preprocedural peribulbar block (PBB) using 0.5% bupivacaine with 2% lidocaine (PBB group), or a preprocedural intravenous infusion of 1.0 g of metamizole (M group) or 1.0 g of paracetamol (P group)...Intraprocedural SPI-guided FNT administration during GA resulted in PIPP in 13.5% of patients undergoing VRS and blunted the periprocedural effects of preventive intravenous and regional analgesia with respect to PIPP and haemodynamic instability. SPI-guided FNT administration during GA eliminated the benefits of preventive analgesia in the PBB, TA, M, and P groups following VRS.
  • ||||||||||  fentanyl citrate / Generic mfg., sevoflurane / Generic mfg.
    Clinical, Journal:  The Impact of Monitoring Depth of Anesthesia and Nociception on Postoperative Cognitive Function in Adult Multiple Trauma Patients. (Pubmed Central) -  May 15, 2021   
    The study showed a statistically significant inverse correlation between fentanyl and the NEECHAM Confusion Scale at 24 h (r = -0.32, p = 0.0005) and 48 h (r = -0.46, p = 0.0002), sevoflurane and the NEECHAM Confusion Scale at 24 h (r = -0.38, p = 0.0014) and 48 h (r = -0.52, p = 0.0002), and noradrenaline and POCD events in the first 48 h (r = -0.46, p = 0.0013 for the first 24 h, respectively, and r = -0.46, p = 0.0002 for the next 24 h). Entropy and SPI monitoring during anesthesia may play an important role in diminishing the risk of developing immediate POCD after emergency surgery.
  • ||||||||||  fentanyl citrate / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  The antagonistic activity profile of naloxone in μ-opioid receptor agonist-induced psychological dependence. (Pubmed Central) -  May 14, 2021   
    In the Guanosine-5'-o-(3-thio) triphosphate (GTPγS) binding assay, naloxone (30-30,000 nM) inhibited the GTPγS binding induced by oxycodone, hydrocodone, morphine, and fentanyl...These results indicate that the psychological dependence of oxycodone could be antagonized by naloxone, depending on the dose. This characterization might lead to a better understanding of the competitive antagonistic activity profile of naloxone for μ-opioid receptor in the brain.
  • ||||||||||  methadone / Generic mfg.
    Clinical, Journal:  Prevalence and Characteristics of Chronic Pain in Buprenorphine and Methadone-Maintained Patients. (Pubmed Central) -  May 14, 2021   
    Chronic pain is a highly prevalent condition in patients receiving OAT, and its appropriate management remains uncertain, since insufficient relief and frequent additional self-medications with analgesics or illicit drugs were reported by these patients. Increased awareness among caregivers is urgently needed regarding a systematic and careful assessment, along with an adequate management of chronic pain in patients receiving OAT.
  • ||||||||||  fentanyl citrate / Generic mfg.
    Clinical, Journal:  Current status and issues in clinical use of opioids (Pubmed Central) -  May 13, 2021   
    Fundamentally, strong opioids are restricted to only treatment of cancer pain, while the indication of fentanyl transdermal patch and oxycodone tamper resistant tablet has been expanded for the treatment of non-cancer chronic pain...weak opioids, antitussives or hypnotics) may be low in Japanese. In this review, I will summarize current status and issues in clinical use of opioid analgesics, and will talk about the necessity and expectation for development of novel analgesics without serious adverse reactions such as addiction and respiratory depression.
  • ||||||||||  fentanyl citrate / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Zebrafish early life stages as alternative model to study 'designer drugs': Concordance with mammals in response to opioids. (Pubmed Central) -  May 12, 2021   
    Our data shows that fentanyl derivatives were the most toxic among the tested opioids, with toxicity in the zebrafish embryo toxicity test decreasing in the following order: butyrfentanyl>3-methylfentanyl>fentanyl>tramadol> O-desmethyltramadol>morphine...Further, the biotransformation pattern of butyrfentanyl in zebrafish larvae was reminiscent of that in humans. Comparison of toxicity and behavioural responses to opioids in zebrafish and rodents supports zebrafish as a suitable alternative model for rapidly testing synthetic opioids.
  • ||||||||||  fentanyl citrate / Generic mfg., methadone / Generic mfg.
    Review, Journal:  Opioid Management in CKD. (Pubmed Central) -  May 11, 2021   
    We subsequently discuss considerations when initiating opioid therapy, strategies to reduce opioid-related risks, and recommended best practices for opioid stewardship in CKD. Using this sequential approach to opioid management, nephrologists can thereby gain a broad overview of key patient considerations, the foundation for understanding implications of opioid use, and a patient-tailored plan for opioid therapy.
  • ||||||||||  fentanyl citrate / Generic mfg., desmopressin / Generic mfg.
    Clinical, Journal:  Polypharmacy prior to in-hospital cardiac arrest among patients with cardiopulmonary diseases: A pilot study. (Pubmed Central) -  May 11, 2021   
    Vasopressin and a combination of vasopressin and fentanyl were associated with risk of unsuccessful ROSC (RR = 2.50, 2.38, respectively). The types of medications administered during inpatient care may serve as a surrogate marker for identifying patients at risk of specific initial rhythms of I-HCA and survival.
  • ||||||||||  fentanyl citrate / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Opioid epidemic spread from Northern and Eastern Europe to Mediterranean Area. (Pubmed Central) -  May 7, 2021   
    This health treat moved to Europe with a significant increase starting from 2015 involving mainly norther and eastern countries and finally also the Mediterranean area. The "lock down" isolation and economic recession caused by COVID-19 pandemic showed a resurgence in opioid use and harms.