fentanyl citrate / Generic mfg. 
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  • ||||||||||  ketamine / Generic mfg.
    PK/PD data, Preclinical, Journal:  Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of the novel synthetic opioid, U-47700, in male rats. (Pubmed Central) -  Aug 14, 2021   
    Trans-3,4-dichloro-N-[2-(dimethylamino)cyclohexyl]-N-methyl-benzamide (U-47700) is an example of a non-fentanyl synthetic opioid linked to overdose deaths...Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fitted with intravenous (i.v.) catheters and subcutaneous (s.c.) temperature transponders under ketamine/xylazine anesthesia...Our data reveal that U-47700 induces typical μ-opioid effects which are related to plasma concentrations of the parent compound. Given its high potency, U-47700 poses substantial risk to humans who are inadvertently exposed to the drug.
  • ||||||||||  fentanyl citrate / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Detection of Emerging Drugs Involved in Overdose via Diachronic Word Embeddings of Substances Discussed on Social Media. (Pubmed Central) -  Aug 14, 2021   
    Our analysis of 64,420,376 drug-related posts made between January 2011 and December 2018 on Reddit, the largest online forum site, reveals that this approach successfully identified fentanyl, the most significant emerging substance in the overdose epidemic, >1 year earlier than traditional public health data systems. Use of diachronic word embeddings may enable improved identification of emerging substances involved in drug overdose, thereby improving the timeliness of prevention and treatment activities.
  • ||||||||||  fentanyl citrate / Generic mfg.
    Developing and validating a forensic lab method for the multiplex detection of fentanyl analogs in human blood (Room: B310) -  Aug 13, 2021 - Abstract #ACSFall2021ACS_Fall_9183;    
    The following forensic quality control standards were established with a total run time of 13.5 min to ensure drug elution and column equilibration: limit of detection (0.017−0.056 ng mL-1), limit of quantitation (0.100−0.500 ng mL-1), selectivity/sensitivity, ionization suppression/enhancement (87−118%), process efficiency (60−95%), recovery (64−97%), bias ( 80%). This flexible, time- and cost-efficient method has generated tremendous interest (manuscript viewed over 7,300 times) and was recognized in the virtual issue ”Women at the Forefront of Chemistry” of the ACS Omega journal (https://pubs.acs.org/page/acsodf/vi/women-in-stem2020).
  • ||||||||||  fentanyl citrate / Generic mfg.
    [VIRTUAL] Mechanism of binding and unbinding of fentanyl and analogs at the mu-opioid receptor (Room: Zoom Room 08) -  Aug 13, 2021 - Abstract #ACSFall2021ACS_Fall_4899;    
    The developed protocol may be used to prospectively predict the relative dissociation rates of illicit opioids emerging from the dark market to aid in the regulatory decision making. The insights from the work may also inform the design of safer analgesics to combat the opioid crisis.
  • ||||||||||  fentanyl citrate / Generic mfg.
    [VIRTUAL] Computational characterization of drug adsorption on silver nanoparticles (Room: Virtual Room) -  Aug 13, 2021 - Abstract #ACSFall2021ACS_Fall_3333;    
    Specifically, we have examined the interactions of the recreational drugs fentanyl, norfentanyl, THC and heroin on a silver surface, and revealed that their adsorption arises from a combination of charge transfer, aromatic-metal and dispersion interactions. Our simulations have demonstrated why fentanyl adsorbs stronger than the other recreational drugs and provided crucial insight into the different signal enhancement in the SERS spectra.
  • ||||||||||  fentanyl citrate / Generic mfg.
    [VIRTUAL] Printed SERS sensor arrays for field detection applications (Room: Zoom Room 25) -  Aug 13, 2021 - Abstract #ACSFall2021ACS_Fall_3301;    
    SERS detection of a powerful opioid drug, fentanyl, will be highlighted in this presentation. We will discuss modification to the surface of gold nanostructure to improve the detection and compare the SERS detection limit to that of colorimetric test.
  • ||||||||||  fentanyl citrate / Generic mfg.
    Optimizing structural parameters of SERS substrates for highly specific and sensitive toxicological drug assays (Room: B308 - B309) -  Aug 13, 2021 - Abstract #ACSFall2021ACS_Fall_3298;    
    Furthermore, the flexible SERS substrate can be effectively used for fentanyl detection from drug-of-abuse patient plasma, with results in excellent agreement with the concentration determined from paper spray ionization mass spectrometry. Taken together, we believe the unprecedentedly high sensitivity and excellent nonfouling effects of flexible SERS substrate could be extremely useful for clinical toxicology and therapeutic drug monitoring purposes.
  • ||||||||||  fentanyl citrate / Generic mfg.
    Clinical, Journal:  (Re)shaping the self: An ethnographic study of the embodied and spatial practices of women who use drugs. (Pubmed Central) -  Aug 13, 2021   
    Drawing on the intersectional risk environments of WWUD, this ethnographic study examined how gendered expectations of women's drug use, appearance, and comportment influenced vulnerability to overdose within the context of a fentanyl-driven overdose crisis...Findings demonstrate how women engaged in everyday acts of resistance through embodied drug use practices, which increased their agency but elevated overdose risk. Implementing gender-specific programs that increase bodily agency and control (e.g. low-threshold services for personal care, women-focused harm reduction support) are needed to reduce risk of overdose for WWUD.
  • ||||||||||  fentanyl citrate / Generic mfg.
    Review, Journal:  Impact of the Opioid Epidemic. (Pubmed Central) -  Aug 12, 2021   
    In recent years the prescription opioid overdose epidemic has decreased, but has been more than offset by increases in overdose caused by fentanyl and fentanyl analogues...Patients with opioid overdose may be admitted to the intensive care unit for naloxone infusions, treatment of noncardiogenic pulmonary edema, autonomic instability, or sequelae of hypoxia-ischemia or cardiac arrest. Primary and secondary prevention are important to reduce the number of people with life-threatening opioid overdose.
  • ||||||||||  fentanyl citrate / Generic mfg., morphine sulphate / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  High-throughput screening and validation of antibodies against synaptic proteins to explore opioid signaling dynamics. (Pubmed Central) -  Aug 12, 2021   
    A subset of antibodies targeting opioid receptors were used to examine the effect of treatment with opiates that have played central roles in the worsening of the 'opioid epidemic.' We show that morphine and fentanyl exhibit differential temporal dynamics of receptor phosphorylation. In summary, high-throughput approaches can lead to the identification of antibody-based tools required for an in-depth understanding of the temporal dynamics of opioid signaling.
  • ||||||||||  fentanyl citrate / Generic mfg., isoflurane / Generic mfg.
    Clinical, Observational data, Journal:  Prediction of postoperative pain and analgesic requirements using surgical pleth index: a observational study. (Pubmed Central) -  Aug 11, 2021   
    When compared the patients who showed SPI value over 60 or not, there was significant difference in the amount of fentanyl consumption during postoperative 48 h (1093 ± 406 µg vs. 766 ± 369 µg, p = 0.014; SPI ≥ 60 vs. SPI < 60). SPI measured before arousal after inhalation anaesthesia was associated with immediate postoperative pain and postoperative opioid consumption.
  • ||||||||||  dexamethasone / Generic mfg.
    Clinical, Journal:  Should we be concerned when COVID-19-positive patients take opioids to control their pain? Insights from a pharmacological point of view. (Pubmed Central) -  Aug 11, 2021   
    Clinicians should keep in mind the frequent DDIs with drugs extensively metabolized by the CYP450 system and prefer opioids undergoing a limited hepatic metabolism. Identification and management of DDIs and dissemination of the related knowledge should be a major goal in the delivery of chronic care to ensure optimized patient outcomes and facilitate updating recommendations for COVID-19 therapy in frail populations, namely comorbid, poly-medicated patients or individuals suffering from substance use disorder.
  • ||||||||||  fentanyl citrate / Generic mfg.
    Retrospective data, Review, Journal:  Recovery Characteristics in Neonates Following General Anesthesia: A Retrospective Chart Review. (Pubmed Central) -  Aug 10, 2021   
    Significant factors from the bivariate analysis were preoperative anaemia, known pathology, age, duration of anaesthesia, weight, intraoperative fentanyl, and amount of neuromuscular blocker...A larger sample size is warranted to confirm a valid predictive model. Standardized universal guidelines would be useful in eliminating local variation in PACU monitoring and discharge criteria in this vulnerable age group.
  • ||||||||||  fentanyl citrate / Generic mfg.
    Clinical, Journal:  A Prospective Study Evaluating Sleep Quality and Disorders in Post-ARDS Patients. (Pubmed Central) -  Aug 10, 2021   
    Regression analysis showed subjects with ICU stay more than 10 days, duration of IMV more than 7 days, Fentanyl more than 7 mg, duration of sedative use more than 7 days was independently associated with poor objective sleep quality (low sleep efficiency, low TST and high arousal index) during the early and late evaluations after ICU discharge compared to counterparts (p value < 0.05)...After 6 weeks of ICU discharge sleep quality showed significant improvement in the N3 stage and AHI, however persistent insomnia was observed even at 6 weeks. Therefore, prior identification of risk factors and early diagnosis of sleep quality disorders in post-ARDS patients is essential.
  • ||||||||||  ketamine / Generic mfg., lorazepam / Generic mfg.
    Can We Make The In-Hospital LVAD Deactivation Process At End-of-life Comfortable? (Exhibit Hall: ePoster Hub) -  Aug 9, 2021 - Abstract #HFSA2021HFSA_357;    
    Dexmedetomidine drip was sometimes used as an adjunct in patients who underwent device deactivations in the ICU. We plan to draft institutional comfort medication guidelines for in-hospital device deactivations.
  • ||||||||||  fentanyl citrate / Generic mfg., tianeptine / Generic mfg.
    Preclinical, Journal:  In vitro functional characterization of a panel of non-fentanyl opioid new psychoactive substances. (Pubmed Central) -  Aug 8, 2021   
    Taken together, this study is the first to systematically investigate the in vitro biological activity of a diverse panel of emerging non-fentanyl opioid NPS at MOR. Given the known danger of (fatal) intoxications with many opioid NPS, it is important to continuously monitor and characterize newly emerging compounds.