fentanyl citrate / Generic mfg. 
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  • ||||||||||  midazolam hydrochloride / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Pre-apneic capnography waveform abnormalities during procedural sedation and analgesia. (Pubmed Central) -  Oct 30, 2021   
    Deciphering which capnography waveform abnormalities should promote intervention (and therefore alarms to signal the event to clinicians) from those that do not is an essential step towards successful implementation of this technology into practice. Our results indicate that using information about the history of previous capnography waveform abnormalities may be a promising solution to assist prediction of apneic episodes.
  • ||||||||||  fentanyl citrate / Generic mfg., tramadol hydrochloride / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Opioid prescribing patterns and overdose deaths in Texas. (Pubmed Central) -  Oct 30, 2021   
    While prescribing rates have decreased in Texas, overdose deaths from both legal and illicit opioids are rising, suggesting that changing physician prescribing behavior alone may not be sufficient to curb the epidemic. Policies and community interventions should be considered to address increases in both prescription and illicit opioid deaths.
  • ||||||||||  fentanyl citrate / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  The Opioid-Overdose Crisis and Fentanyl: The Role of Online Information Seeking via Internet Search Engines. (Pubmed Central) -  Oct 30, 2021   
    We argue that during such searches, an info box including a warning (i.e., awareness material to educate users about the risks) and a help message (i.e., references to professional help) can be presented to target users and possibly prevent both unintentional and suicidal overdoses. Even if this info box only helps some users, the high number of daily Google searches renders this a promising public health intervention to supplement other opioid harm-reduction strategies.
  • ||||||||||  fentanyl citrate / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Recent Use of Synthetic Cannabinoids, Synthetic Opioids, and Other Psychoactive Drug Groups among High-risk Drug Users. (Pubmed Central) -  Oct 30, 2021   
    Recent use of prescription oral opioids or transdermal fentanyl formulations use was positively and significantly associated with recent use of gabapentinoids (AOR 14.33, CI 7.10, 28.90), stimulants (AOR 7.12, CI 3.82,13.28), heroin (AOR 5.81, CI 3.39,9.97), benzodiazepines (AOR 4.63, CI 2.74,7.84), synthetic cathinones (AOR 4.12, CI 1.95, 8.70), and hallucinogens (AOR 2.48, CI 1.24, 2.96). Clinicians should be informed about the extent of prescription oral opioids or transdermal fentanyl formulations and SCRA use among high-risk drug users, and the associated higher odds of concomitantly using other psychoactive substance, for they represent actual risk to patients and complicate treatment.
  • ||||||||||  fentanyl citrate / Generic mfg., morphine sulphate / Generic mfg., methadone / Generic mfg.
    Clinical, Journal:  National Hospital Care Survey Demonstration Projects: Opioid-involved Emergency Department Visits, Hospitalizations, and Deaths. (Pubmed Central) -  Oct 30, 2021   
    For approximately 22% of patients who died of an opioid-involved drug overdose in 2014, their last ED-only visit or hospitalization was opioid-involved. Conclusion-While the NHCS data are not nationally representative, these unlinked and linked National Center for Health Statistics data allow for exploratory analyses of ED visits, hospitalizations, and associated mortality outcomes.
  • ||||||||||  fentanyl citrate / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Hostility, compassion and role reversal in West Virginia's long opioid overdose emergency. (Pubmed Central) -  Oct 30, 2021   
    Although essential for reducing mortality, measures that address drug use alone are not enough to safeguard longer-term public health. The new wave of psychostimulant-related deaths underline the urgency of addressing the deeper causes that feed high-risk patterns of drug use beyond drugs and drug use.
  • ||||||||||  Instanyl (fentanyl) / Takeda
    Journal:  Intranasal Fentanyl for Intervention-Associated Breakthrough Pain After Cardiac Surgery. (Pubmed Central) -  Oct 30, 2021   
    Finally, the potency of fentanyl analogues may have obscured any protective effects of MC against illicit opioid harms. Intranasal fentanyl 100 µg provided rapid-onset analgesia within 10 min and is an appropriate starting dose for incidental breakthrough pain in the first 3 postoperative days after cardiac bypass surgery.
  • ||||||||||  Preclinical, Journal:  Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine, Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo. (Pubmed Central) -  Oct 30, 2021   
    If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.
  • ||||||||||  fentanyl citrate / Generic mfg., methamphetamine / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  The Evolving Overdose Epidemic: Synthetic Opioids and Rising Stimulant-Related Harms. (Pubmed Central) -  Oct 29, 2021   
    However, the increasing presence of synthetic opioids mixed into the illicit drug supply, including with stimulants such as cocaine and methamphetamine, as well as rising stimulant-related deaths, reflects the rapidly evolving nature of the overdose epidemic, posing urgent and novel public health challenges. We synthesize the evidence underlying these trends, consider key questions such as where and how concomitant exposure to fentanyl and stimulants is occurring, and identify actions for key stakeholders regarding how these emerging threats, and continued evolution of the overdose epidemic, can best be addressed.
  • ||||||||||  fentanyl citrate / Generic mfg., ropivacaine / Generic mfg.
    Clinical, Journal:  Effect of balanced anaesthesia with and without modified pectoralis nerve block on postoperative analgesia after breast surgeries: A randomised controlled trial. (Pubmed Central) -  Oct 29, 2021   
    Fifty patients with carcinoma breast undergoing breast surgery were randomised to receive a modified PEC block consisting of 30 ml of ropivacaine 0.2% after induction of anaesthesia (PEC group) or no block (GA group) in this prospective randomised trial...Other secondary outcomes recorded were postoperative visual analogue scale (VAS) scores, number of rescue boluses and 24-h fentanyl consumption...The postoperative VAS scores were also comparable between the groups at all time intervals. Balanced anaesthesia supplemented with modified PEC block performed after general anaesthesia did not improve the postoperative pain in patients undergoing modified radical mastectomy.
  • ||||||||||  fentanyl citrate / Generic mfg.
    Review, Journal:  The use of heat to deliver fentanyl via pulmonary drug delivery. (Pubmed Central) -  Oct 28, 2021   
    Furthermore, forced degradation of fentanyl has been studied which showed that longer heating time and higher temperatures will result in the formation of degradation products. The evidence indicates that heat can be used to deliver drugs to the lungs where fast onset reaction can be obtained giving fast and non-invasive pain relief.
  • ||||||||||  ticagrelor / Generic mfg., lignocaine / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Effects of lignocaine vs. opioids on antiplatelet activity of ticagrelor: the LOCAL trial. (Pubmed Central) -  Oct 28, 2021   
    Both drugs were well tolerated and effective with a high level of patient satisfaction for procedural analgesia. Routine procedural analgesia during percutaneous coronary intervention should be reconsidered and if performed, lignocaine is a beneficial alternative to fentanyl.
  • ||||||||||  fentanyl citrate / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Fentanyl causes naloxone-resistant vocal cord closure: A platform for testing opioid overdose treatments. (Pubmed Central) -  Oct 28, 2021   
    While pre-treatment with naloxone prevented fentanyl-induced VCC, naloxone was unable to reverse the effect, suggesting a non-opioid receptor-mediated mechanism. These findings demonstrate the necessity of VCC inclusion in animal models of synthetic opioid overdose and the urgent need for more effective treatments for fentanyl-related overdoses.
  • ||||||||||  midazolam hydrochloride / Generic mfg.
    Clinical, Journal:  Variability of Dosing and Number of Medications Needed to Achieve Adequate Sedation in Mechanically Ventilated Pediatric Intensive Care Patients. (Pubmed Central) -  Oct 27, 2021   
    The mean infusion rate of dexmedetomidine was 0.59 ± 0.28 µg/kg/hour, and midazolam was 0.14 ± 0.1 mg/kg/hour...This study will provide data necessary to develop a model of cumulative medication burden needed to achieve appropriate sedation in this population. This descriptive model in appropriately ranking patients based on sedative needs is the first step in exploring potential genetic factors that may provide an insight into homing in on the appropriate sedation regimen.
  • ||||||||||  fentanyl citrate / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Surface-enhanced shifted excitation Raman difference spectroscopy for trace detection of fentanyl in beverages. (Pubmed Central) -  Oct 27, 2021   
    The experimental results show that the limits of quantitation for fentanyl in distilled water and Mizone were 10 ng/mL and 200 ng/mL, respectively; the correlation coefficients for the nonlinear regression were as high as 0.9802 and 0.9794, respectively; and the relative standard deviation was less than 15%. Hence, the SE-SERDS method will be a promising method for the trace analyses of food safety and forensics.
  • ||||||||||  fentanyl citrate / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Prescription opioid laws and opioid dispensing in U.S. counties: Identifying salient law provisions with machine learning. (Pubmed Central) -  Oct 27, 2021   
    Our systematic analysis of 162 law provisions identified patient data access and several pain management clinic provisions as predictive of county prescription opioid dispensing patterns. Future research employing other types of study designs is needed to test these provisions' causal relationships with inappropriate dispensing, and to examine potential interactions between PDMP access and pain management clinic provisions.
  • ||||||||||  fentanyl citrate / Generic mfg., remifentanil / Generic mfg.
    Clinical, Journal:  Analgesic effect of magnesium sulfate during total intravenous anesthesia: randomized clinical study. (Pubmed Central) -  Oct 27, 2021   
    Multiplex analysis of mixtures is enabled by combining SERS detection with principal component analysis and super partial least squares regression discriminate analysis (SPLS-DA), which allow for the determination of fentanyl as low as 0.05% in simulated seized heroin and 0.10% in simulated seized cocaine samples. Magnesium sulfate is a safe and effective option for intraoperative analgesia, when avoiding or decreasing opioid use is required.