fentanyl citrate / Generic mfg. 
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  • ||||||||||  fentanyl citrate / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Kinetics and Mechanism of Fentanyl Dissociation from the μ-Opioid Receptor. (Pubmed Central) -  Jan 4, 2022   
    The work paves the way for large-scale computational predictions of opioid dissociation rates to inform evaluation of strategies for opioid overdose reversal. The profound role of the histidine protonation state found here may shift the paradigm in computational studies of ligand-receptor kinetics.
  • ||||||||||  fentanyl citrate / Generic mfg., morphine sulphate / Generic mfg., naltrexone / Generic mfg.
    Preclinical, Journal:  Antinociceptive and discriminative stimulus effects of six novel psychoactive opioid substances in male rats. (Pubmed Central) -  Jan 1, 2022   
    In this study, four synthetic opioids, acetyl fentanyl, butyryl fentanyl, AH-7921, and MT-45 produced effects similar to fentanyl and morphine and were blocked by naltrexone. These data suggest the four synthetic opioids possess similar abuse liability risks as typical opioid agonists.
  • ||||||||||  fentanyl citrate / Generic mfg., oxycodone controlled release / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Opioid Prescribing in United States Health Systems, 2015 to 2019. (Pubmed Central) -  Jan 1, 2022   
    Opioid use and expenditures in health systems have been decreasing following national trends from retail pharmacies. Nevertheless, fentanyl use increased in clinics and was prescribed at higher proportions in nonfederal hospitals than other opioids, which warrants further investigation.
  • ||||||||||  ketamine / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Influence of contingent and noncontingent drug histories on the development of high levels of MDPV self-administration. (Pubmed Central) -  Dec 31, 2021   
    Significance Statement A subset of outbred Sprague Dawley rats self-administer high levels of the synthetic cathinone 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV). Understanding factors contributing to the development of high levels of drug intake may provide insight to the genetic, behavioral, and pharmacological determinants of vulnerability of individuals to develop a substance use disorder.
  • ||||||||||  fentanyl citrate / Generic mfg., naltrexone / Generic mfg., methadone / Generic mfg.
    Biomarker, Journal:  Discovering Non-Invasive Biomarkers Predictive of Opioid Use Disorder Treatment Response. (Pubmed Central) -  Dec 30, 2021   
    It remains to be seen if these markers can also be a good predictor for treatment response. In addition, significant gender differences in EV content are found between men and women with OUD, which supports the importance of examining changes in response to treatment in a gender informed way.
  • ||||||||||  rifampicin / Generic mfg.
    Clinical, Clinical data, Review, Journal:  Clinical outcomes of concomitant rifamycin and opioid therapy: a systematic review. (Pubmed Central) -  Dec 29, 2021   
    Available literature suggests that a decrease in opioid clinical effects are appreciated with concomitant rifamycin therapy. Further research is needed to focus on specific mitigation strategies beyond opioid agent selection, such as dosing adjustment recommendations.
  • ||||||||||  Journal:  Evaluation of Quadratus Lumborum Block as Part of an Opioid-Free Anaesthesia for Canine Ovariohysterectomy. (Pubmed Central) -  Dec 27, 2021   
    Anaesthetic protocol consisted of premedication with IM medetomidine (20 μg kg) and SC meloxicam (0.1 mg kg), induction with propofol to effect, and maintenance with sevoflurane in oxygen/medical air...Fentanyl was administered as rescue analgesia during surgery...Methadone was given as rescue analgesia postoperatively when pain score was >3...The QLB may provide additional analgesia for canine ovariohysterectomy. Further studies are needed to assess the specific contribution of the QLB in abdominal analgesia.
  • ||||||||||  fentanyl citrate / Generic mfg.
    PK/PD data, Journal:  Pharmacokinetic Profile of Fentanyl in the Koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) after Intravenous Administration, and Absorption via a Transdermal Patch. (Pubmed Central) -  Dec 27, 2021   
    Assuming an analgesic therapeutic plasma concentration of 0.23 ng/mL (extrapolated from human studies), an intravenous constant infusion rate was estimated at approximately between 1.7 to 2.7 µg/kg/h (using the clearance 95% confidence intervals). A transdermal fentanyl patch was applied to the antebrachium of an additional two koalas for 72 h. Fentanyl plasma concentrations were determined during the patch application and after patch removal at 80 h. The fentanyl plasma concentration was greater than 0.23 ng/mL after 12 to 16 h. While the patch was applied, the maximum fentanyl concentration was approximately 0.7 ng/mL from 32 to 72 h. Fentanyl plasma concentrations increased to 0.89 ng/mL 1 h after the patch was removed, and then decreased to a mean of 0.47 ng/mL at 80 h. The transdermal fentanyl patch is likely to provide some level of analgesia but should be initially co-administered with another faster acting analgesic for the first 12 h.
  • ||||||||||  fentanyl citrate / Generic mfg.
    Review, Journal:  Current management of cancer pain in Italy: Expert opinion paper. (Pubmed Central) -  Dec 27, 2021   
    Moreover, in accordance with the findings of the literature in many countries, the undertreatment of cancer pain is still prevalent. A multidisciplinary approach, more training programs for clinicians, personalised therapy drug formulations, and virtuous care pathways will be essential to improve cancer pain management.
  • ||||||||||  fentanyl citrate / Generic mfg.
    Preclinical, Journal:  Oxytocin receptor activation rescues opioid-induced respiratory depressionby systemic fentanyl in the rat. (Pubmed Central) -  Dec 25, 2021   
    Here, we demonstrate that activation by the FDA-approved agonist oxytocin and the non-peptide partial agonist WAY-267464 can each reverse fentanyl cardiorespiratory depression. Selective targeting of oxytocin receptors for resuscitation from opioid overdose, alone or in combination with an opioid antagonist, could eliminate or attenuate negative side effects associated with traditional opioid receptor antagonism.
  • ||||||||||  fentanyl citrate / Generic mfg., naltrexone / Generic mfg., diazepam / Generic mfg.
    Clinical, Journal:  A novel maintenance therapeutic for Opioid Use Disorder. (Pubmed Central) -  Dec 25, 2021   
    RM1490 was also more effective than buprenorphine at reversing the respiratory depressant effects of fentanyl, and did not suppress respiration when combined with diazepam. Significance Statement In preclinical our studies, RM1490 has a physiological and behavioral profile suitable for OUD maintenance therapy.
  • ||||||||||  midazolam hydrochloride / Generic mfg.
    Preclinical, Journal:  Impact of Incretin Hormone Receptors on Insulin-Independent Glucose Disposal in Model Experiments in Mice. (Pubmed Central) -  Dec 25, 2021   
    The results show that S was reduced in GLP-1 receptor knockout mice, whereas there was no difference between GIP receptor knockout mice and wildtype mice, and this was evident both under normal conditions and after complete inhibition of insulin secretion. The study therefore indicates that insulin-independent glucose elimination requires active GLP-1 receptors and thus that the two incretin hormone receptor types show dissociated relevance for this process.
  • ||||||||||  midazolam hydrochloride / Generic mfg.
    Clinical, Journal:  Sedation and Analgesia in Patients Undergoing Tracheostomy in COVID-19, a Multi-Center Registry. (Pubmed Central) -  Dec 25, 2021   
    This data supports a reduction in sedative and analgesic medications administered and improvement in cognitive and physical activity in the 48-h period post-tracheostomy in COVID-19 ARDS. Further, early tracheostomy may lead to significant reductions in intravenous opiate medication administration, and ICU LOS.
  • ||||||||||  Instanyl (fentanyl) / Takeda
    Journal:  Modifying naloxone to reverse fentanyl-induced overdose. (Pubmed Central) -  Dec 25, 2021   
    Finally, we demonstrated a robust release of the parent naloxone in brain matrix, as well as lower peripheral naloxone levels after NX-90 iv administration. With the demonstrated pharmacological profile superior yet congruent to naloxone we nominated NX-90 for preclinical development as an effective intranasal fentanyl antidote.
  • ||||||||||  fentanyl citrate / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Sub-Part-Per-Billion Level Sensing of Fentanyl Residues from Wastewater Using Portable Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Sensing. (Pubmed Central) -  Dec 23, 2021   
    In addition, we further proved the validity of our SERS sensing technique by comparing SERS results from multiple sewage water treatment plants, and the results are consistent with the public health data from our local health authority. Such SERS sensing technique with ultra-high sensitivity down to sub-ppb level proved its feasibility for point-of-care detection of illicit drugs from sewage water, which is crucial to assess public health.
  • ||||||||||  fentanyl citrate / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Shifting North American drug markets and challenges for the system of care. (Pubmed Central) -  Dec 22, 2021   
    The major feature of the current drug market shift in North America is towards highly potent synthetic opioids such as fentanyl and fentanyl analogues...It is important for policy makers, health authorities, first responders and medical providers to be aware of the clinical implications of drug market changes in order to best serve people who use drugs. Only with significant clinical research, a comprehensive reorganization of the system of care across all sectors, and an evidence-driven governance, will we be successful in addressing the challenges brought on by the recent shifts in drug markets.