Glucocorticoid Receptor 

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  • ||||||||||  Chirocaine (levobupivacaine) / Purdue, AbbVie
    Journal:  Comparison of Pericapsular Nerve Group Block versus Fascia Iliaca Compartment Block as Postoperative Pain Management in Hip Fracture Surgeries. (Pubmed Central) -  Apr 19, 2022   
    Even though there was no significant difference in the duration of analgesia and dynamic pain grades between these blocks, there was notable difference in Visual Analog Pain score and the motor power of quadriceps femoris which indicates the potency of sensory blockade and decrease in motor sparing was significantly seen in PENG block than FICB. The findings of this study suggest that PENG block was more appropriate analgesic modality than FICB in patients undergoing hip surgeries as postoperative analgesic.
  • ||||||||||  Triesence (triamcinolone acetonide injectable suspension) / Novartis
    Retrospective data, Journal:  Synergistic Effect of Combined Sub-Tenon Triamcinolone and Intravitreal Anti-VEGF Therapy for Uveitic Macular Edema. (Pubmed Central) -  Apr 19, 2022   
    To investigate effects of intravitreal anti-VEGF in combination therapy with sub-Tenon triamcinolone acetonide (STA) injection for uveitic macular edema (UME)...Combined intravitreal anti-VEGF and STA is superior to STA alone for reduction of UME and visual restoration. Addition of anti-VEGF did not increase risk for steroid-induced elevation of intraocular pressure over 6 months.
  • ||||||||||  triamcinolone acetonide / Generic mfg.
    Preclinical, Journal:  Anti-Inflammatory Activity and Wound Healing Effect of Kaempferia galanga L. Rhizome on the Chemical-Induced Oral Mucosal Ulcer in Wistar Rats. (Pubmed Central) -  Apr 19, 2022   
    In this study, 35 rats were divided into 7 groups (normal, negative, triamcinolone acetonide, and 4 EEKG groups)...The EEKG has been confirmed its anti-inflammatory activity by accelerating the healing process on the chemical-induced oral mucosal ulcer in Wistar rats, based on the percent recovery of the ulcer area, the percent recovery of the inflammation sign score, and the histopathology score. Taken together, K. galanga L. is very potential to be developed as a prospective phytopharmaceutical for the treatment of oral mucosal ulceration in human after clinical trials.
  • ||||||||||  prednisolone / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  A Short Course of Prednisolone in Patients With Moderate Covid 19 Respiratory Failure- Stop the Progression a Case Series. (Pubmed Central) -  Apr 19, 2022   
    Covid 19 positive patients requiring oxygen therapy to maintain saturations above 90% were given a trial of oral prednisolone between 15 and 30 mg until they were weaned to room air maintaining saturations >95%...The initiation of a prednisolone steroid trial must be considered in Covid 19 positive patients needing supplementary oxygen therapy or developing worsening shortness of breath. Early Covid respiratory failure responds to a low dose for a short duration and prevents escalation to non-invasive/invasive respiratory support.
  • ||||||||||  Actemra IV (tocilizumab) / Roche, JW Pharma, Xeljanz (tofacitinib) / Pfizer
    Review, Journal:  Impaired coagulation, liver dysfunction and COVID-19: Discovering an intriguing relationship. (Pubmed Central) -  Apr 19, 2022   
    Other evidence has shown a correlation between coagulation and liver damage in COVID-19, underlined by the transaminase association with coagulopathy, identified through laboratory markers such as prothrombin time, international normalized ratio, fibrinogen, D-dimer, fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products and platelet count. Other possible mechanisms like immunogenesis of COVID-19 damage or massive pericyte activation with consequent vessel wall fibrosis have been suggested.
  • ||||||||||  Actemra IV (tocilizumab) / Roche, JW Pharma, Kineret (anakinra) / SOBI
    Clinical, Journal:  Could anakinra outmatch dexamethasone/tocilizumab in COVID-19? (Pubmed Central) -  Apr 19, 2022   
    Hence, suPAR levels which measures IL-1α (necroptosis) and S100A8/A9 (neutrophil migration) can perhaps be a good early biomarker predicting the disease progression. Lastly and importantly, as the vaccines are raised against spike protein and the different variants of concern are known to evade the neutralizing antibodies by varying degrees, it will be deserving to assess anakinra, against the variants of concern as an immunomodulatory drug.
  • ||||||||||  Olumiant (baricitinib) / Incyte, Eli Lilly, Actemra IV (tocilizumab) / Roche, JW Pharma, Paxlovid (nirmatrelvir and ritonavir) / Pfizer
    Review, Journal:  COVID-19 Infection in Children: Diagnosis and Management. (Pubmed Central) -  Apr 19, 2022   
    In patients with severe disease, the use of remdesivir, dexamethasone, and immunomodulatory agents (tocilizumab, baricitinib) is recommended. Children can be at risk for thrombosis from COVID-19 and anticoagulation is recommended in children with markedly elevated D-dimer levels or superimposed clinical risk factors for hospital associated venous thromboembolism.
  • ||||||||||  prednisone / Generic mfg., methylprednisolone sodium succinate / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder With Anti-Aquaporin-4 Antibody: Outcome Prediction Models. (Pubmed Central) -  Apr 19, 2022   
    Lower serum AQP4-ab titer (< 1:100), higher Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score at onset (≥ 2.5), and use of intravenous methylprednisolone (IVMP) at the first attack predicted an overall lower annualized relapse rate...Anderson and Gill model identified that the risk factors predicting recurrent relapses under certain treatment status were female gender, high AQP4-ab titer (≥ 1:100), previous attack under same therapy, lower EDSS score at treatment initiation (< 2.5), and no maintenance therapy or oral prednisone lasting less than 6 months...This study reports the demographic, clinical and therapeutic predictors of relapse, and severe visual or motor disability in NMOSD. Early identification of patients at risk of unfavorable outcomes is of paramount importance to inform treatment decisions.
  • ||||||||||  fluticasone / Generic mfg.
    Effect of inhaled corticosteroids on urinary calcium excretion in children with persistent asthma () -  Apr 19, 2022 - Abstract #BSACI2022BSACI_268;    
    Conclusions Moderate doses of fluticasone spray affects urinary calcium excretion and this in turn may influence on bone mineral metabolism which in long term may increase the incidence of complications such as bone fractures. Therefore it is wise to consider this detrimental effect of GCSs especially using them for the long period and also in high doses.
  • ||||||||||  Comirnaty (tozinameran) / Pfizer, Fosun Pharma, BioNTech
    Allergy to Polyethylene glycol (PEG) ingredient in Pfizer COVID 19 Vaccine: Diagnostic challenge () -  Apr 19, 2022 - Abstract #BSACI2022BSACI_262;    
    Polyethylene glycol(PEG) has subsequently been shown to have caused cases of anaphylaxis to Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine...Treated with oxygen, IM hydrocortisone, IM chlorphenamine, and bisoprolol...Subsequently, Tramadol was stopped Further admission one month later: Received Gabapentin – 30mins later – tremulous, high temp, reduced vision, HR >160bpm, rash on chest...The patient will now be avoiding PEGcontaining medications. Education on Anaphylaxis management was given to the team on the ward
  • ||||||||||  hydrocortisone / Generic mfg.
    Case report: immediate hypersensitivity to chloroxylenol and chlorocresol () -  Apr 19, 2022 - Abstract #BSACI2022BSACI_184;    
    She subsequently reported a history of immediate onset, localised urticarial rashes following topical application of various creams for her eczema (hydrocortisone, Diprobase and Epaderm; all containing chlorocresol) and lip angioedema after applying a cold sore cream...One case of a systemic immediate reaction has been reported to date, which occurred following a skin patch test to chloroxylenol, chlorocresol and thiourea. Given the abundance of both excipients and their ability to cause systemic reactions, their recognition as potential causes of systemic immediate hypersensitivity is important.
  • ||||||||||  Single Center Experience of Allergological Evaluation for Suspected Steroid Hypersensitivity in Adults () -  Apr 19, 2022 - Abstract #BSACI2022BSACI_178;    
    Conclusions Further validation studies are required to understand if excipients of allergenic potential such as PEG, CS and PS80 are responsible for the majority of allergic reactions to parenterally administered steroids. Inclusion of excipients in routine steroid allergy testing protocols would assist in understanding results obtained with skin testing to individual steroid preparations and help to inform safe medication (including COVID-19 vaccine) choices in patients with previous history of suspected allergic reactions to parenterally administered steroids.
  • ||||||||||  Decadron (dexamethasone) / Merck (MSD), Leukine (sargramostim) / Partner Therap
    Trial completion, Enrollment change, Trial completion date:  Stem Cell Transplant in Treating Patients With Acute Myeloid Leukemia (clinicaltrials.gov) -  Apr 18, 2022   
    P2/3,  N=11, Completed, 
    Inclusion of excipients in routine steroid allergy testing protocols would assist in understanding results obtained with skin testing to individual steroid preparations and help to inform safe medication (including COVID-19 vaccine) choices in patients with previous history of suspected allergic reactions to parenterally administered steroids. Recruiting --> Completed | N=60 --> 11 | Trial completion date: Dec 2022 --> Dec 2021
  • ||||||||||  hydrocortisone / Generic mfg.
    Enrollment closed:  ReOxy Therapy in the Rehabilitation of Chronic Low Back Pain Patients With Comorbidity (clinicaltrials.gov) -  Apr 18, 2022   
    P=N/A,  N=90, Active, not recruiting, 
    Recruiting --> Completed | N=60 --> 11 | Trial completion date: Dec 2022 --> Dec 2021 Recruiting --> Active, not recruiting
  • ||||||||||  hydrocortisone / Generic mfg.
    Cortisol influences behaviour and brain activity during extinction learning and renewal (Pacific Concourse) -  Apr 18, 2022 - Abstract #CNS2022CNS_251;    
    20mg of hydrocortisone or placebo was administered 20min before the initial learning phase...In the recall phase, we found reduced activation of ventromedial prefrontal cortex for the cortisol group, indicating impaired recall of context and extinction learning memory. Our findings illustrate that cortisol might influence processing of context information due to impaired activation in brain regions that are crucially involved in encoding and updating context information and recall of context information, as well as extinction memory.
  • ||||||||||  hydrocortisone / Generic mfg.
    Shifting paradigm: HPA axis during critical illness (In Person in Atlanta A411) -  Apr 18, 2022 - Abstract #ENDO2022ENDO_313;    
    Discuss the rational of emergency dose of hydrocortisone. Present the tools of patients education for the prevention of adrenal crisis.
  • ||||||||||  hydrocortisone / Generic mfg.
    Epidemiology and Mortality of adrenal crisis (In Person in Atlanta A411) -  Apr 18, 2022 - Abstract #ENDO2022ENDO_311;    
    Discuss the rational of emergency dose of hydrocortisone. Present the tools of patients education for the prevention of adrenal crisis.
  • ||||||||||  Xofigo (radium Ra-223 dichloride) / Bayer
    Trial completion date, Trial primary completion date, Metastases:  TRANCE: Radium-223 Combined With Dexamethasone as First-line Therapy in Patients With M+CRPC (clinicaltrials.gov) -  Apr 15, 2022   
    P4,  N=24, Recruiting, 
    Present the tools of patients education for the prevention of adrenal crisis. Trial completion date: Feb 2022 --> Dec 2022 | Trial primary completion date: Feb 2022 --> Dec 2022
  • ||||||||||  relacorilant (CORT125134) / Corcept Therap
    Journal, IO biomarker:  Adrenal tumors provide insight into the role of cortisol in NK cell activity. (Pubmed Central) -  Apr 15, 2022   
    Thus, GR antagonism may increase the abundance and function of NK and other immune cells in the tumor microenvironment, promoting immune response in GC+ ACC and other malignancies with GC+. This hypothesis will be tested in a phase 1 trial of relacorilant + ICI.
  • ||||||||||  doxazosin mesylate / Generic mfg., hydrocortisone / Generic mfg.
    Clinical, Journal:  Risk factors for intraoperative complications in pheochromocytomas. (Pubmed Central) -  Apr 15, 2022   
    In conclusion, intraoperative complications in pheochromocytoma surgery are common and can be potentially life-threatening. Higher metanephrine and normetanephrine levels, larger tumour size, insufficient blood pressure control before surgery, pre-treatment with doxazosin, and the lack of treatment with perioperative hydrocortisone are associated with higher risk of intraoperative complications.