Serotonin 

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  • ||||||||||  Botox (onabotulinumtoxin A) / GSK, AbbVie, Healis Therap
    Review, Journal:  Medication-Overuse Headache: Update on Management. (Pubmed Central) -  Sep 29, 2024   
    Furthermore, the use of novel acute pain medication for migraines, including Gepants and Ditans, which do not cause MOH, are likely to improve patient outcomes. In this review article we examine the following: the burden of MOH; who develops MOH; the pathophysiological mechanisms; and the treatment strategies.
  • ||||||||||  haloperidol / Generic mfg.
    Preclinical, Journal:  Vitexin Mitigates Haloperidol-Induced Orofacial Dyskinesia in Rats through Activation of the Nrf2 Pathway. (Pubmed Central) -  Sep 29, 2024   
    These findings suggest that VTX provides neuroprotection against HPD-induced OD, potentially through the Nrf2 pathway, indicating its potential as a therapeutic candidate for the prevention or treatment of tardive dyskinesia (TD) in clinical settings. However, further detailed research is required to confirm these preclinical findings and fully elucidate VTX's therapeutic potential in human studies.
  • ||||||||||  imipramine / Generic mfg.
    Preclinical, Journal:  Imipramine Increases Norepinephrine and Serotonin in the Salivary Glands of Rats. (Pubmed Central) -  Sep 29, 2024   
    Our findings provide more insightful information about using 1-day WAS as an acute psychological stress model, and stress exposure longer than 10 days did not produce anxiety-like behavior and urinary bladder impairment. The results of the present study revealed the following: (1) that norepinephrine and serotonin, but not epinephrine nor dopamine, were detected in the interstitial fluids in rat submandibular glands; (2) that norepinephrine and serotonin concentrations in the dialysate was 4.3
  • ||||||||||  clozapine / Generic mfg.
    Clinical data, Review, Journal:  Prediction of Clinical Outcomes in Psychotic Disorders Using Artificial Intelligence Methods: A Scoping Review. (Pubmed Central) -  Sep 29, 2024   
    However, further research is needed to confirm these findings and expand clinical applications in this age group. The current review highlights the potential and need to further refine AI and machine learning models in parsing out the complex interplay of specific variables that contribute to the clinical outcome prediction of psychotic disorders.
  • ||||||||||  Review, Journal:  Innovative Strategies in Drug Repurposing to Tackle Intracellular Bacterial Pathogens. (Pubmed Central) -  Sep 29, 2024   
    Furthermore, anticancer drugs including tamoxifen and imatinib have been repurposed to induce autophagy and inhibit bacterial growth within host cells...The review highlights the complex mechanisms these pathogens use to resist conventional treatments, showcases successful examples of drug repurposing, and discusses the methodologies used to identify and validate these drugs. Overall, drug repurposing offers a promising approach for developing new treatments for bacterial infections, addressing the urgent need for effective antimicrobial therapies.
  • ||||||||||  ketamine / Generic mfg., clozapine / Generic mfg.
    Review, Journal:  Dysfunction of the NMDA Receptor in the Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia and/or the Pathomechanisms of Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia. (Pubmed Central) -  Sep 29, 2024   
    However, neither typical nor atypical antipsychotics, other than clozapine, have been effective in addressing negative symptoms and cognitive impairments, which are indices for the prognostic and disability outcomes of schizophrenia...The glutamate hypothesis, another hypothesis regarding the pathophysiology/pathomechanism of schizophrenia, was proposed based on clinical findings that N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamate receptor (NMDAR) antagonists, such as phencyclidine and ketamine, induce schizophrenia-like psychotic episodes...Considering the increasing evidence supporting the potential pro-cognitive effects of glutamatergic agents and the lack of sufficient medications to treat the cognitive impairments associated with schizophrenia, these previous setbacks cannot preclude research into potential novel glutamate modulators. Given this background, to emphasize the importance of the dysfunction of the NMDAR in the pathomechanism and/or pathophysiology of schizophrenia, this review introduces the increasing findings on the functional abnormalities in glutamatergic transmission associated with the NMDAR.
  • ||||||||||  Qutenza (capsaicin) / Grunenthal, LTS Lohmann Therapy Systems, Nucynta (tapentadol) / Collegium Pharma, Grunenthal
    Review, Journal:  Diabetic Neuropathy: A Guide to Pain Management. (Pubmed Central) -  Sep 28, 2024   
    Despite the high burden associated with PDN, effective management remains challenging. This update covers the background and management of diabetic neuropathy, including its epidemiology, pathogenesis, preventative care, and current therapeutic strategies.
  • ||||||||||  Review, Journal:  Drugs with glutamate-based mechanisms of action in psychiatry. (Pubmed Central) -  Sep 28, 2024   
    Drugs with mechanisms of action based on glutamate constitute a promising pharmacological group in the treatment of mental disorders that do not respond to standard methods of therapy. However, further research is needed on their efficacy, safety, dosage, interactions, and side effects, to determine their optimal clinical use.
  • ||||||||||  imipramine / Generic mfg., desipramine / Generic mfg., amiloride hydrochloride / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Extracellular Vesicle Inhibitors Enhance Cholix-Induced Cell Death via Regulation of the JNK-Dependent Pathway. (Pubmed Central) -  Sep 27, 2024   
    RNA sequencing analysis revealed that desipramine, imipramine, and EV inhibitors promoted the Cholix-activated c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway...In addition, suppression of Apaf-1 by small interfering RNA further enhanced Cholix-induced PARP cleavage by desipramine. We identified a novel function of desipramine in which the stimulated JNK pathway promoted a mitochondria-independent cell death pathway by Cholix.
  • ||||||||||  Botox (onabotulinumtoxin A) / GSK, AbbVie, Healis Therap
    Review, Journal:  A Systematic Review and Comparative Analysis of Botox Treatment in Aesthetic and Therapeutic Applications: Advantages, Disadvantages, and Patient Outcomes. (Pubmed Central) -  Sep 27, 2024   
    The article reviews findings from recent clinical trials, case reports, and observational studies, highlighting the efficacy and safety of Botox in treating various conditions such as chronic migraines, excessive sweating, and muscle spasticity, alongside its cosmetic use in wrinkle reduction. While the benefits of Botox are substantial, including its minimally invasive nature and high patient satisfaction rates, potential risks and complications, including rare adverse events, are also discussed.
  • ||||||||||  Nuplazid (pimavanserin) / Acadia Pharma
    Review, Journal:  Emerging therapies for treatment of agitation, psychosis, or apathy in Alzheimer's disease. (Pubmed Central) -  Sep 26, 2024   
    Pimavanserin appears to be the most effective emerging therapy for psychosis while methylphenidate has demonstrated good efficacy for apathy. Further research on biomarkers of NPS severity and treatment response, as well as continued improvements in methodological approaches are needed to advance the field.
  • ||||||||||  trazodone ER / Generic mfg.
    Review, Journal:  Insomnia in ambulatory care: A clinical review. (Pubmed Central) -  Sep 26, 2024   
    Insomnia treatment should be guided by patient age, diagnoses, and type of insomnia. Pharmacological treatments should be used at the lowest effective dose for the shortest duration of time.
  • ||||||||||  Botox (onabotulinumtoxin A) / GSK, AbbVie, Healis Therap
    Journal:  Transnasal Endoscopic Injection of Botulinum Toxin in Patients with Adductor Spasmodic Dysphonia. (Pubmed Central) -  Sep 26, 2024   
    The lower-than-expected doses reached in our antipsychotic tapering trial were substantiated to provide adequate prophylactic effects by TDM results in a subset of patients treated with aripiprazole, even considering the differences in pharmacogenomics between ethnicities. The mean VHI-10 score of patients dropped significantly from 22.47
  • ||||||||||  risperidone / Generic mfg., olanzapine / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Trajectories of daily antipsychotic use and weight gain in people hospitalized for the first episode of psychosis. (Pubmed Central) -  Sep 26, 2024   
    Early in the course of illness, during inpatient treatment, baseline BMI is the strongest and earliest predictor of weight gain on APs and is a better predictor than type of medication, polypharmacy, or medication switches. Baseline BMI predicted weight change over a period of weeks, when other traditional predictors demonstrated a much smaller effect.
  • ||||||||||  thioridazine / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  In silico study of some plant compounds as potential anticancer agents targeting MALT1 allosteric domain. (Pubmed Central) -  Sep 25, 2024   
    Our findings from this computational study presents cyanidin (-8.822 kcal/mol) as better binder to the allosteric site of MALT1 based on the molecular docking and pharmacokinetic profiling than thioridazine...Hence, cyanidin is a potential allosteric inhibitor of MALT1. However, an urgent need for in vitro and in vivo validations is required to ascertain the efficacy of cyanidin in the fight against cancer and other MALT1-related diseases.
  • ||||||||||  sertraline / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  MADD-like pattern of acylcarnitines associated with sertraline use. (Pubmed Central) -  Sep 25, 2024   
    Further studies are needed to confirm and estimate the risk of MADD-like presentations with the use of sertraline, as well as identifying additional contributing factors, including genetic factors. Metabolic physicians should consider sertraline use in the differential diagnosis of MADD, particularly when genetic testing is negative.