Carbonic anhydrase XII inhib 
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  • ||||||||||  doxorubicin hydrochloride / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Dual Inhibitors of P-gp and Carbonic Anhydrase XII (hCA XII) against Tumor Multidrug Resistance with Piperazine Scaffold. (Pubmed Central) -  Jul 31, 2024   
    In particular, compound 33 displayed the best activity by enhancing the cytotoxicity and intracellular accumulation of doxorubicin in HT29/DOX and A549/DOX cells, thus resulting as promising P-gp-mediated MDR reverser with a synergistic mechanism. Furthermore, compounds 13, 27 and 32 induced collateral sensitivity (CS) in MDR cells, as they were more cytotoxic in resistant cells than in the sensitive ones; their CS mechanisms were extensively investigated.
  • ||||||||||  Journal:  Tiliroside suppresses triple-negative breast cancer as a multifunctional CAXII inhibitor. (Pubmed Central) -  Nov 25, 2022   
    Further RT-PCR and Caspase-3 activity analyses also revealed the positive regulating effects of TS on E2F1,3/Caspase-3 axis in TNBC cells cultured in 2D or 3D systems. The findings indicate that TS suppresses TNBC progression as a potential novel CAXII inhibitor in preclinical experiments, which warrants further investigation on its therapeutic implications.
  • ||||||||||  Journal:  Novel benzenesulfonamide-thiouracil conjugates with a flexible N-ethyl acetamide linker as selective CA IX and CA XII inhibitors. (Pubmed Central) -  Nov 15, 2022   
    Molecular docking simulations showed that the synthesized conjugates adopted comparable binding modes in the CA I, CA II, CA IX, and CA XII isoforms, involving the deep fitting of the sulfonamide moiety in the base of the CA active site via chelation of the Zn ion and H-bond interaction with the key amino acids Thr199 and/or Thr200. Moreover, the N-ethyl acetamide flexible linker enables the substituted thiouracils and fused thiouracil tail to achieve multiple interactions with the surrounding hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions.
  • ||||||||||  Journal:  Role of the Hedgehog Pathway and CAXII in Controlling Melanoma Cell Migration and Invasion in Hypoxia. (Pubmed Central) -  Oct 15, 2022   
    Moreover, the N-ethyl acetamide flexible linker enables the substituted thiouracils and fused thiouracil tail to achieve multiple interactions with the surrounding hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions. Our results suggest that CAXII and the Hh pathway are relevant in melanoma invasion and may be novel and promising therapeutical targets for melanoma clinical management.
  • ||||||||||  doxorubicin hydrochloride / Generic mfg., docetaxel / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Correlation between CA12 and TFF3 and their prediction value of neoadjuvant chemotherapy response in breast cancer. (Pubmed Central) -  May 25, 2022   
    We believe our study contributes to the understanding of hypoxia's roles in UM and provides a novel target that will benefit future therapeutic strategy development. CA12 and TFF3 were correlated with each other, and their high expression might explain the worse efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in oestrogen receptor-positive breast cancer patients.
  • ||||||||||  Journal, IO biomarker:  Carbonic anhydrase XII mediates the survival and prometastatic functions of macrophages in human hepatocellular carcinoma. (Pubmed Central) -  Apr 8, 2022   
    Selective targeting of tumor-infiltrating macrophages with a CA12 inhibitor reduced tumor growth in mice and was sufficient to synergistically enhance the therapeutic efficacy of immune-checkpoint blockade. We suggest that CA12 activity is a previously unappreciated mechanism regulating the accumulation and functions of macrophages in tumor microenvironments and therefore represents a selective vulnerability that could be exploited in future designs for antitumor immunotherapeutic strategies.
  • ||||||||||  Journal, PD(L)-1 Biomarker, IO biomarker:  An acid trip activates protumoral macrophages to promote hepatocellular carcinoma malignancy. (Pubmed Central) -  Apr 8, 2022   
    Notably, dual treatment with anti-PD1 and CA12 inhibitors synergistically attenuated tumor growth and metastasis and enhanced survival compared with either treatment alone. These findings suggest that targeting CA12 in combination with immune-checkpoint blockade may provide treatment options for HCC.