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- | Journal: Enhanced Cancer Starvation Therapy Based on Glucose Oxidase/3-Methyladenine-Loaded Dendritic Mesoporous OrganoSilicon Nanoparticles. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 19, 2022
Our in vitro and in vivo results demonstrate that autophagy inhibition enhances the efficacy of starvation therapy, leading to tumor growth suppression. This anti-cell adaptation strategy will provide a new way to enhance the efficacy of starvation cancer therapy.
- | ifosfamide / Generic mfg.
Journal: CHIR99021, trough GSK-3β Targeting, Reduces Epithelioid Sarcoma Cell Proliferation by Activating Mitotic Catastrophe and Autophagy. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 19, 2022
Current therapies are based on anthracycline alone or in combination with ifosfamide or other cytotoxic drugs...Our data highlight that, in ES cells, CHIR99021 induces cell cycle arrest, mitotic catastrophe (MC) and autophagic response, resulting in reduced cell proliferation. Our results support the potential efficacy of CHIR99021 in ES treatment and encourage further preclinical and clinical studies.
- | Journal: Undescribed polyether ionophores from Streptomyces cacaoi and their antibacterial and antiproliferative activities. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 19, 2022
These studies showed that this uninvestigated compound acts as a multitarget compound by inhibiting autophagic flux, inducing reactive oxygen species formation, abolishing proteasome activity, and stimulating ER stress. Consequently, the optimized fermentation conditions of S. cacaoi led to the isolation of undescribed and known polyethers displaying promising activities.
- | Journal: MHC class I antigen cross-presentation mediated by PapMV nanoparticles in human antigen-presenting cells is dependent on autophagy. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 19, 2022
This study demonstrates that autophagy is associated with TAP- and proteasome-independent MHC-I cross-presentation. A deeper understanding of the autophagy-dependent MHC-I cross-presentation will be useful in designing vaccination platforms that aim to trigger an efficient cytotoxic T lymphocyte response.
- | MG132 / Jilin University, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute
Journal, IO biomarker: BNIP3L/NIX degradation leads to mitophagy deficiency in ischemic brains. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 18, 2022
Taken together, the present study linked BNIP3L degradation by proteasomes with mitophagy deficiency in cerebral ischemia. We propose carfilzomib as a novel therapy to rescue ischemic brain injury by preventing BNIP3L degradation.
- | Preclinical, Journal, PARP Biomarker: Mice deficient in UXT exhibit retinitis pigmentosa-like features via aberrant autophagy activation. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 18, 2022
Therefore, UXT may be a crucial target for retinal degenerative disease. 3-ma: 3-methyladenine; casp3: caspase 3; cko: conditional knockout; erg: electroretinogram; gapdh: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; map1lc3b/lc3b: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3; mtor: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; parp: poly (adp-ribose) polymerase family; rna-seq: rna sequencing; rp: retinitis pigmentosa; rps6kb1/s6k: ribosomal protein s6 kinase b1; sqstm1: sequestosome 1; tunel: terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dutp nick-end labeling; uxt: ubiquitously expressed prefoldin like chaperone.
- | sirolimus / Generic mfg.
Journal: Burkholderia pseudomallei interferes with host lipid metabolism via NR1D2-mediated PNPLA2/ATGL suppression to block autophagy-dependent inhibition of infection. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 18, 2022
This study proposes potential targets for clinical therapy of melioidosis. 3-MA: 3-methyladenine; ACTB: actin beta; ATG7: autophagy related 7; B. pseudomallei: Burkholderia pseudomallei; CFU: colony-forming unit; DG: diglyceride; FASN: fatty acid synthase; GFP: green fluorescent protein; LAMP1: lysosomal associated membrane protein 1; LC-MS/MS: liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry; LD: lipid droplet; MAP1LC3B/LC3B: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; MG: monoglyceride; MOI: multiplicity of infection; mRFP: monomeric red fluorescent protein; NR1D2: nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group D member 2; p.i., post-infection; PLIN2/ADRP: perilipin 2; PNPLA2/ATGL: patatin like phospholipase domain containing 2; Rapa: rapamycin; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; shRNA: short hairpin RNA; TEM: transmission electron microscopy; TG: triglyceride.
- | cisplatin / Generic mfg., sirolimus / Generic mfg.
Journal: Lumiflavin Enhances the Effects of Ionising Radiation on Ovarian Cancer Stem-Like Cells by Inhibiting Autophagy. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 18, 2022
Lumiflavin can enhance the effects of ionising radiation on ovarian cancer CSCs. The mechanism by which these effects are exerted is related to blocking the autophagy pathway.
- | sevoflurane / Generic mfg.
Preclinical, Journal: Sevoflurane preconditioning activates HGF/Met-mediated autophagy to attenuate hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 18, 2022
Conversely, HGF overexpression efficiently increased the p-met and autophagy levels and strengthened the protective effects of SEV. These results indicated that sevoflurane preconditioning ameliorates hepatic IR injury by activating HGF/Met-mediated autophagy.
- | Preclinical, Journal, IO biomarker: miR-222 regulates cell growth, apoptosis, and autophagy of interstitial cells of Cajal isolated from slow transit constipation rats by targeting c-kit. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 18, 2022
These results indicated that sevoflurane preconditioning ameliorates hepatic IR injury by activating HGF/Met-mediated autophagy. miR-222 induces apoptosis and excessive autophagy of ICC and may serve as potential biomarker for ICC loss in STC.
- | Journal: Curcumin-mediated photodynamic therapy inhibits the phenotypic transformation, migration, and foaming of oxidized low-density lipoprotein-treated vascular smooth muscle cells by promoting autophagy. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 18, 2022
When the VSMCs were pretreated with the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) for 24 h, the effects of CUR-PDT were reversed. Therefore, our study indicated that CUR-PDT can inhibit the phenotypic transformation, migration, and foaming of ox-LDL-treated VSMCs by inducing autophagy.
- | Journal: Salvianolic acid B improves autophagic dysfunction and decreases the apoptosis of cholesterol crystal‑induced macrophages via inhibiting the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 18, 2022
Furthermore, pretreatment of CHC‑induced macrophages with insulin significantly decreased Sal B‑induced autophagy, indicating that the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway may serve as a critical mediator in regulating Sal B‑mediated cell death. Taken together, the present study demonstrated that Sal B improved autophagic dysfunction and reduced the apoptosis of CHC‑induced macrophages via inhibiting the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.
- | Journal: Naringin induces apoptosis of gastric carcinoma cells via blocking the PI3K/AKT pathway and activating pro‑death autophagy. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 18, 2022
Preincubating SNU‑1 cells with 3‑methyladenine, a cell‑autophagy inhibitor, significantly alleviated the effects of Nar in promoting cell apoptosis and cleaved caspase 3 expression. It was concluded that Nar promoted SNU‑1 cell apoptosis via blocking the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and activating cell autophagy.
- | Preclinical, Journal: Cycloastragenol alleviates airway inflammation in asthmatic mice by inhibiting autophagy. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 18, 2022
The expression levels of proteins associated with autophagy pathways were inhibited following treatment with CAG. Taken together, the results of the present study suggest that CAG exerts an anti‑inflammatory effect in asthma, and its role may be associated with the inhibition of autophagy in lung cells.
- | sirolimus / Generic mfg.
Preclinical, Journal: High fat diet-induced obesity leads to depressive and anxiety-like behaviors in mice via AMPK/mTOR-mediated autophagy. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 18, 2022
After treating with the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin, autophagy and BDNF levels were elevated...In summary, these results suggest that high-fat diet-induced obesity may lead to depressive and anxiety-like behaviors in mice by inhibiting AMPK phosphorylation and promoting mTOR shift to phosphorylation to inhibit autophagy. Therefore, improving lipid metabolism or enhancing autophagy through the AMPK/mTOR pathway could be potential targets for the treatment of obesity depression.
- | Journal: Ferulic acid exhibits anti-inflammatory effects by inducing autophagy and blocking NLRP3 inflammasome activation. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 18, 2022
Besides, the inhibition of inflammasome activation by MCC950 reduced the expression of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β. It is concluded that FA enhanced autophagy, inhibited the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and reduced the expression and release of inflammatory factors.
- | Journal: Regulation of β1-integrin in autophagy and apoptosis of gastric epithelial cells infected with Helicobacter pylori. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 15, 2022
Thus, β1-integrin is a novel autophagy and apoptosis regulator during H. pylori infection. However, inhibition of autophagy did not reverse the decrease in apoptosis caused by downregulation of β1-integrin.
- | Journal: RANKL expression of primary osteoblasts is enhanced by an IL-17-mediated JAK2/STAT3 pathway through autophagy suppression. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 14, 2022
Importantly, downregulation of autophagy at high IL-17 concentrations further enhanced RANKL expression via suppressing the JAK2/STAT3 cascade. Overall, our findings demonstrate, for the first time, that IL-17 modulates RANKL expression of osteoblasts through an autophagy-JAK2-STAT3 signaling pathway, thus affecting bone metabolism.
- | chloroquine phosphate / Generic mfg.
Journal: LUBAC and OTULIN regulate autophagy initiation and maturation by mediating the linear ubiquitination and the stabilization of ATG13. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 14, 2022
In OTULIN knockdown cells, excessive ubiquitinated ATG13 protein was recruited to the phagophore for prolonged expansion, and therefore inhibits autophagosome maturation. Together, our study provides evidence that LUBAC and OTULIN cooperatively regulate autophagy initiation and autophagosome maturation by mediating the linear ubiquitination and the stabilization of ATG13.
- | chloroquine phosphate / Generic mfg.
Journal: MIR106A-5p upregulation suppresses autophagy and accelerates malignant phenotype in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 14, 2022
Our findings may lead to novel insights into the pathogenesis of NPC. ACTB: actin beta; ATG: autophagy-related; ATG5: autophagy related 5; BLI: bioluminescence; BTG3: BTG anti-proliferation factor 3; CASP3: caspase 3; ChIP: chromatin immunoprecipitation; CQ: chloroquine; Ct: threshold cycle; DAPI: 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; DiL: 1,1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate; EBSS: Earle's balanced salt solution; EGR1: early growth response 1; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; GEO: Gene Expression Omnibus; GFP: green fluorescent protein; IF: immunofluorescence; IHC: immunohistochemistry; ISH: in situ hybridization; MAP1LC3B: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; MIR106A-5p: microRNA 106a-5p; miRNAs: microRNAs; MKI67: marker of proliferation ki-67; mRNA: messenger RNA; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; NPC: nasopharyngeal carcinoma; qRT-PCR: quantitative real-time PCR; siRNA: small interfering RNA; SOX9: SRY-box transcription factor 9; SQSTM1: sequestosome 1; TCGA: The Cancer Genome Atlas; WB: western blot.
- | Journal: High-content screening of diterpenoids from Isodon species as autophagy modulators and the functional study of their antiviral activities. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 14, 2022
Interestingly, although ATG5 knockdown inhibited ZIKV or JEV infection, enanderinanin J further inhibited the infection of ZIKV or JEV in ATG5-knockdown cells. Taken together, our data indicate that enanderinanin J inhibits autophagosome-lysosome fusion and is a potential antiviral agent.
- | Journal: α1-Antitrypsin alleviates inflammation and oxidative stress by suppressing autophagy in asthma. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 14, 2022
We demonstrated that A1AT could alleviate inflammation and oxidative stress by suppressing autophagy in the context of asthma and thus ameliorate asthma. Our study revealed novel pathological mechanisms and provided novel potential therapeutic targets for asthma treatment.
- | 5-fluorouracil / Generic mfg.
Journal: The loss of SHMT2 mediates 5-fluorouracil chemoresistance in colorectal cancer by upregulating autophagy. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 14, 2022
Taken together, our findings indicate that autophagy induced by low SHMT2 levels mediates 5-FU resistance in CRC. These results reveal the SHMT2-p53 interaction as a novel therapeutic target and provide a potential opportunity to reduce chemoresistance.
- | 5-fluorouracil / Generic mfg.
Journal, MSi-H Biomarker: Casein Kinase-1-Alpha Inhibitor (D4476) Sensitizes Microsatellite Instable Colorectal Cancer Cells to 5-Fluorouracil via Authophagy Flux Inhibition. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 14, 2022
Hence, our data indicates that targeting of CK1α may increase the sensitivity of HCT116 cells to 5-FU. To our knowledge, this is the first description of sensitization of CRC cells to 5-FU chemotherapy by CK1α inhibitor.
- || temozolomide / Generic mfg.
Review, Journal: Regulation of autophagy as a therapeutic option in glioblastoma. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 14, 2022
A major advancement in its treatment was made almost two decades ago when the alkylating chemotherapeutic agent temozolomide (TMZ) was combined with radiotherapy (RT)...We discuss rationale for using current major therapeutics, their molecular mechanisms for modulation of autophagy in glioblastoma and GSCs, their potentials for making strides in combating glioblastoma progression, and their possible shortcomings. These shortcomings may fuel the innovation of novel delivery systems and therapies involving TMZ in conjunction with another agent to pave the way towards a new gold standard of glioblastoma treatment.
- | LY294002 / Eli Lilly
Journal: Ginsenoside Rb1 Inhibits Cardiomyocyte Autophagy via PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathway and Reduces Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 14, 2022
Moreover, Ginsenoside Rb1 treatment resulted in the activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, and treatment of LY294002 (PI3K/Akt pathway repressor) abolished the protective effects of Ginsenoside Rb1 on myocardial in vitro and in vivo. Our results suggest that Ginsenoside Rb1 functions as a protector against MIRI by repressing cardiomyocyte autophagy through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.
- | Journal: αB-crystallin/HSPB2 is critical for hyperactive mTOR-induced cardiomyopathy. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 13, 2022
mTOR thus stimulates αB-crystallin expression through suppression of autophagy. In conclusion, αB-crystallin and hspB2 play a pivotal role in Tsc1 knockout-related cardiomyopathy and are therapeutic targets of hyperactive mTOR-associated cardiomyopathy.
- | Journal: Mycobacterium tuberculosis PE_PGRS20 and PE_PGRS47 Proteins Inhibit Autophagy by Interaction with Rab1A. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 13, 2022
Autophagy regulation by these PE_PGRS proteins leads to increased bacterial survival in phagocytic cells and increased autophagic degradation of mycobacterial antigens to stimulate adaptive immune responses. A better understanding of how M. tuberculosis regulates autophagy in host cells could facilitate the design of new and more effective therapeutics or vaccines against tuberculosis.
- | Journal, Cancer stem cells: Alcohol Metabolism Enriches Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cancer Stem Cells That Survive Oxidative Stress via Autophagy. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 13, 2022
A better understanding of how M. tuberculosis regulates autophagy in host cells could facilitate the design of new and more effective therapeutics or vaccines against tuberculosis. This study provides mechanistic insights into how EtOH may influence SCC cells and establishes autophagy as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of EtOH-associated SCC.
- | sirolimus / Generic mfg.
Preclinical, Journal: Curcumin Alleviates the Senescence of Canine Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells during In Vitro Expansion by Activating the Autophagy Pathway. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 13, 2022
Moreover, the autophagy activator rapamycin (RAP) and Cur were found to partially ameliorate the senescent features of cBMSCs, while the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) was shown to aggravate cBMSCs senescence and Cur treatment was able to restore the suppressed autophagy and counteract 3-MA-induced cBMSC senescence. Hence, our study highlights the important role of Cur-induced autophagy and its effects for ameliorating cBMSC senescence and provides new insight for delaying senescence and improving the therapeutic potential of MSCs.
- | RG4733 / Roche
Journal, PARP Biomarker: A Notch inhibitor plus Resveratrol induced blockade of autophagy drives glioblastoma cell death by promoting a switch to apoptosis. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 13, 2022
We used low doses of the γ-secretase inhibitor RO4929097 (GSI), to block the Notch pathway activity, in combination with Resveratrol (RSV) and we evidenced the mechanisms of autophagy/apoptosis transition in GBM cells...In short, we establish the role of CDK4 in the regulation of autophagy/apoptosis transition induced by RSV and GSI in GBM cells. This new synergistic therapeutic combination, increasing the accumulation of autophagosomes, may have therapeutic value for GBM patients.
- | picropodophyllin (AXL1717) / Axelar
Journal, PD(L)-1 Biomarker, IO biomarker: IGF1 receptor inhibition amplifies the effects of cancer drugs by autophagy and immune-dependent mechanisms. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 12, 2022
This new synergistic therapeutic combination, increasing the accumulation of autophagosomes, may have therapeutic value for GBM patients. Altogether, these results suggest that IGF1R may constitute a novel and druggable therapeutic target for the treatment of cancer in conjunction with chemoimmunotherapies.
- | Journal: Protective Mechanism of Berberine on Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells against Apoptosis Induced by Hydrogen Peroxide via the Stimulation of Autophagy. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 12, 2022
Taken together, these results demonstrate that BBR is able to stimulate autophagy in D407 cells via the activation of AMPK pathway and that its protective effect against HO-induced oxidative damage relies on its autophagy-modulatory effect. Our findings also provide evidence to support the potential application of BBR in preventing and treating AMD.
- | Preclinical, Journal: Evaluation of Sertoli cell autophagy associated with laminin, fibronectin, and caspase-3 proteins' alteration, following testicular torsion rat. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 12, 2022
Moreover, extracellular matrix proteins including laminin and fibronectin act as autophagy-regulating proteins, in which their expression levels are reduced and increased respectively. In addition, the level of caspase-3, as an autophagy inhibitory protein, did not increase significantly in the cytoplasm of Sertoli cells as opposed to whole testicular tissue, indicating that autophagy is active after testicular torsion in these cells.
- || bortezomib / Generic mfg.
Review, Journal: Nanotechnology Frontiers in γ-Herpesviruses Treatments. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 12, 2022
Many therapeutics, such as bortezomib, CHOP cocktail medications, and natural compounds (e.g., quercetin or curcumin), are administrated to patients affected by γ-herpesvirus infections...They reduce the dose-limiting toxicity and reach specific tissue areas. Several attempts are ongoing to synthesize and produce EBV vaccines using nanosystems.
- | Journal: Translation Inhibitors Activate Autophagy Master Regulators TFEB and TFE3. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 12, 2022
Furthermore, we demonstrated that translation inhibition increased autophagosome biogenesis but impaired the degradative autolysosome formation because of lysosomal dysfunction. These results highlight the previously unrecognized function of the translation inhibitors as activators of TFEB/TFE3, suggesting a novel biological role of translation inhibition in autophagy regulation.
- | Journal: Skp2 promotes APL progression through the stabilization of oncoprotein PML-RARα and the inhibition of JunB expression. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 12, 2022
Collectively, this study uncovers the roles of Skp2 in PML-RARα stabilization and in APL oncogenic functions. We reveal a novel mechanism of PML-RARα degradation and JunB regulation that constitute an important signaling network of Skp2-GSK3β-PML/RARα-JunB.
- | Biomarker, Journal: Microgravity and space radiation inhibit autophagy in human capillary endothelial cells, through either opposite or synergistic effects on specific molecular pathways. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 12, 2022
Conversely, microgravity, unlike SR, activated pathways for metabolism and a pro-proliferative phenotype. Therefore, we suggest microgravity and SR should be considered separately to tailor effective countermeasures to protect astronauts' health.
- | Journal: Interdependent Regulation of Polycystin Expression Influences Starvation-Induced Autophagy and Cell Death. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 12, 2022
This could be reversed by overexpression of PC1 in PC2KO. Together, these findings indicate that PC1 levels are partially coupled to PC2 expression, and determine the transition from renal cell survival to death, leading to enhanced survival of ADPKD cells during nutritional stress.
- | sirolimus / Generic mfg.
Journal: Compressive force-induced LincRNA-p21 inhibits mineralization of cementoblasts by impeding autophagy. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 12, 2022
However, the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine abolished the lincRNA-p21 knockdown-promoted mineralization, and the autophagy activator rapamycin rescued the mineralization inhibited by lincRNA-p21 overexpression...In a mouse orthodontic tooth movement model, knockdown of lincRNA-p21 rescued the impeded autophagic process in cementoblasts, enhanced cementogenesis, and alleviated orthodontic force-induced root resorption. Overall, compressive force-induced lincRNA-p21 inhibits the mineralization capability of cementoblasts by impeding the autophagic process.
- | chloroquine phosphate / Generic mfg., chlorpromazine / Generic mfg.
Journal: Loss of E-Cadherin Leads to Druggable Vulnerabilities in Sphingolipid Metabolism and Vesicle Trafficking. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 12, 2022
Synthetic lethality was confirmed in both gastric and mammary organoid models of CDH1 loss, derived from CD44-Cre/Cdh1/tdTomato mice. Collectively, these results suggest that both sphingolipid metabolism and vesicle trafficking represent previously unrecognised druggable vulnerabilities in CDH1-null cells and may lead to the development of new therapies for HDGC.
- || Review, Journal: The Intricate Interplay between Cell Cycle Regulators and Autophagy in Cancer. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 12, 2022
Here, we review the current clues indicating that cell-cycle regulators, including cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CKIs), cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), and E2F transcription factors, are intrinsically linked to the regulation of autophagy. As an increasing number of studies highlight the importance of autophagy in cancer progression, we finally evoke new perspectives in therapeutic avenues that may include both cell cycle inhibitors and autophagy modulators to synergize antitumor efficacy.
- | cisplatin / Generic mfg.
Journal: miR-133a targets YES1 to reduce cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer by regulating cell autophagy. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 12, 2022
As an increasing number of studies highlight the importance of autophagy in cancer progression, we finally evoke new perspectives in therapeutic avenues that may include both cell cycle inhibitors and autophagy modulators to synergize antitumor efficacy. Our results suggest that the miR-133a/YES1 axis plays a critical role in cisplatin resistance in human ovarian cancer by regulating cell autophagy, which might serve as a promising therapeutic target for ovarian cancer chemotherapy treatment in the future.
- | 5-fluorouracil / Generic mfg., chloroquine phosphate / Generic mfg.
Journal: Palladium (II) Complex Enhances ROS-Dependent Apoptotic Effects via Autophagy Inhibition and Disruption of Multiple Signaling Pathways in Colorectal Cancer Cells. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 11, 2022
We suggest that inhibition of autophagy along with Pd(II) and 5-FU treatment has a synergistic effect in KRAS-mutant colorectal cancer cells. Autophagy inhibition by CQ promotes apoptosis via blockade of the NF-κB/AKT/CREB and activation of ROS.
- | Journal: The Effect and Mechanism of Asymmetric Dimethylarginine Regulating Trophoblastic Autophagy on Fetal Growth Restriction. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 11, 2022
Moreover, ADMA had favorable effects on the formation of autophagic vacuoles, and the autophagy inhibitor 3-Methyladenine (3-MA) could reduce the autophagy-induction effect of ADMA on BeWo cells. This study found that ADMA could participate in the occurrence of FGR through inducing autophagy in trophoblasts.
- | Preclinical, Journal: Autophagy stimulation reduces ocular hypertension in murine glaucoma model via autophagic degradation of mutant myocilin. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 11, 2022
Stimulating autophagic flux via Tat-beclin 1 peptide or torin 2, promotes autophagic degradation of mutant myocilin and reduces elevated IOP in Tg-MYOCY437H mice. Together, our studies provide a novel treatment strategy for myocilin-associated POAG by correcting impaired autophagy in the TM.
- | Journal: Puerarin induces Nrf2 as a cytoprotective mechanism to prevent cadmium-induced autophagy inhibition and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in AML12 hepatic cells. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 11, 2022
Moreover, alleviation of Cd-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation by PU was distinctly prevented by Nrf2 knockdown, assessed by protein levels of NLRP3 inflammosome complex and downstream IL-18 and IL-1β production. Collectively, our data suggest that PU restores Cd-induced Nrf2 inhibition to prevent autophagy inhibition and NLRP3 inflammasome activation, providing novel insights into the protection of PU against Cd-induced hepatic cell damage.
- | arsenic trioxide / Generic mfg., sirolimus / Generic mfg.
Journal, IO biomarker: The protective role of autophagy against arsenic trioxide-induced cytotoxicity and ROS-dependent pyroptosis in NCTC-1469 cells. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 11, 2022
In addition, we speculate that the protective mechanism of NAC on As(III)-induced pyroptosis in hepatocytes mainly include the elimination of ROS because of the chelation of As(III) in the culture medium. In conclusion, these results provide new insight into the mechanisms underlying AsIII-induced cytotoxicity and pyroptosis in hepatocytes in vitro.
- | SB202190 / Amgen
Journal: Atractylodin inhibited the migration and induced autophagy in cholangiocarcinoma cells via PI3K/AKT/mTOR and p38MAPK signalling pathways. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 11, 2022
In conclusion, these results provide new insight into the mechanisms underlying AsIII-induced cytotoxicity and pyroptosis in hepatocytes in vitro. ATD inhibits the proliferation and induces CCA cell autophagy via regulating PI3K/AKT/mTOR and p38MAPK signalling pathways.
- | Journal: SGLT2 inhibition for cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney disease and NAFLD. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 11, 2022
This narrative review explains the beneficial effects of SGLT-2 inhibitors on NAFLD, cardiovascular and renal diseases using the results of latest observational studies, clinical trials and meta-analyses. Thereafter, it dissects the underlying molecular mechanisms involved in the clinical effects of SGLT-2 inhibitors on these diseases.