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- | Ibrance (palbociclib) / Pfizer
Journal: Tight association of autophagy and cell cycle in leukemia cells. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 13, 2022
This work provides clear evidence of high autophagy in G2/M-phase cells by establishing a novel cell sorting technique based on Cyto-ID.
- | Torin1 / InvivoGen
Journal: Role of mTOR through Autophagy in Esophageal Cancer Stemness. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 13, 2022
Here, we aim to clarify the role of the hypoxia-responding mammalian target of the rapamycin (mTOR) pathway in esophageal CSCs...Torin-1-mediated CSCs upregulation was significantly reduced in cells treated with autophagy inhibitor, hydroxychloroquine (HCQ)...These data suggest that autophagy may play a crucial role in mTOR-mediated CSCs repression. Stimulation of the mTOR pathway might aid in the elimination of putative esophageal CSCs.
- | hydroxychloroquine / Generic mfg.
Journal: Dual-responsive nanodroplets combined with ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction suppress tumor growth and metastasis via autophagy blockade. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 12, 2022
Herein, the autophagy inhibitor hydroxychloroquine (HCQ)-loaded nanodroplets (NDs) are synthesized to overcome these drawbacks...In addition, HCQ-NDs show excellent tumor-targeting, biocompatibility, biosafety and contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging properties. Based on the above findings, this combined strategy rationally regulates the autophagic process of tumor cells and could be instructive for the design of clinical treatment modalities.
- | liproxstatin-1 / Jilin University
Journal: Effect of autophagy on ferroptosis in foam cells via Nrf2. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 12, 2022
The effect of autophagy through Nrf2 on ferroptosis in foam cells was determined. The results revealed that insufficient autophagy in CQ-induced foam cells could lead to foam cell death in atherosclerotic plaques, and the cause of cell death was that insufficient autophagy in foam cells turned off the positive effect of Nfr2 antioxidant, initiated the negative effect of Nrf2 to promote intracellular reactive oxygen species production, and this negative effect promoted ferroptosis in foam cells.
- | Journal: Recovery Mechanism of Endoplasmic Reticulum Revealed by Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging in Live Cells. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 12, 2022
Using this tool, the fluorescence lifetime imaging can quantitatively determine the degrees of ER destruction and spontaneous recovery. Significantly, we show that triglycerides supplied in lipid droplets can efficiently repair ER via the two critical pathways: (i) supplying materials for ER repair by converting triglycerides into fatty acids and diglycerides and (ii) partially inhibiting autophagy for stressed ER.
- | chloroquine phosphate / Generic mfg.
Journal: Modulation of Intestinal Epithelial Permeability via Protease-Activated Receptor-2-Induced Autophagy. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 12, 2022
When PAR2 was activated, intestinal permeability was maintained, but when autophagy was suppressed by chloroquine, intestinal permeability was significantly increased...In conclusion, regulating intestinal epithelial permeability through PAR2-induced autophagy can help maintain mucosal barrier integrity. Therefore, these findings suggest that the regulation of PAR2 can be a suitable strategy to treat intestinal diseases caused by permeability dysfunction.
- | Tavegil (clemastine) / GSK
Preclinical, Journal: Clemastine protects against sepsis-induced myocardial injury in vivo and in vitro. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 12, 2022
Moreover, clemastine attenuated myocardial apoptosis by promoting autophagy. This study provides a novel favorable perspective for SIMD therapy.
- | cisplatin / Generic mfg.
Journal: MiR-7-5p suppresses invasion via downregulation of the autophagy-related gene ATG7 and increases chemoresistance to cisplatin in BCa. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 12, 2022
Finally, the migration of BCa cells was inhibited, and chemosensitivity was improved. Overall, our results provide evidence of the role of miR-7-5p as a cancer suppressor gene in BCa and provide new opportunities for the treatment of BCa.
- | Journal: Autophagy and Exosome Coordinately Enhance Macrophage M1 Polarization and Recruitment in Influenza A Virus Infection. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 12, 2022
The fluorescence colocalization of LC3-CD63 and the inhibition of autophagy and exosome signaling pathway further revealed that H1N1 infection seemed to sequentially activate the M1 polarization and recruitment of macrophages via autophagy-exosome dependent pathway. Autophagy and exosome production coordinately enhance the M1 polarization and recruitment of macrophages in influenza virus infection, which also provides potential therapeutic targets.
- | chloroquine phosphate / Generic mfg.
Journal: Ming-Mu-Di-Huang-Pill Activates SQSTM1 via AMPK-Mediated Autophagic KEAP1 Degradation and Protects RPE Cells from Oxidative Damage. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 12, 2022
The MMDH pill mediated Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) degradation and decreased oxidative damage, which was blocked in autophagy inhibitor (chloroquine) or sequestosome-1 (SQSTM1) siRNA-treated RPE cells...In conclusion, MMDH pill plays a protective role in relieving NaIO-induced oxidative stress by activating the AMPK/SQSTM1/Keap1 pathway. The MMDH pill may be useful to treat AMD by maintaining redox homeostasis and autophagy.
- | ibandronate sodium hydrate / Generic mfg.
Preclinical, Journal: Ibandronate promotes autophagy by inhibiting Rac1-mTOR signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 12, 2022
Furthermore, the in vivo experiments also indicated that IBAN promotes autophagy by downregulating Rac1-mTOR. Taken together, our results firstly revealed that IBAN enhances autophagy via inhibiting Rac1-mTOR signaling pathway, and thus alleviates Ang II-induced injury in endothelial cells.
- | Journal: Mechanism of the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Pathway in the Process of Cartilage Endplate Stem Cell Degeneration Induced by Tension Load. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 12, 2022
Taken together, our results firstly revealed that IBAN enhances autophagy via inhibiting Rac1-mTOR signaling pathway, and thus alleviates Ang II-induced injury in endothelial cells. Inhibition of JNK and ERK in the MAPK signaling family alleviated TL-induced CESC degeneration by inhibiting the phosphorylation of Raptor and mTOR in the mTOR pathway.
- | chloroquine phosphate / Generic mfg.
Trial completion date, Trial primary completion date: The Addition of Chloroquine to Chemoradiation for Glioblastoma, (clinicaltrials.gov) - Apr 12, 2022
P2, N=156, Not yet recruiting, Sponsor: Maastricht Radiation Oncology
Inhibition of JNK and ERK in the MAPK signaling family alleviated TL-induced CESC degeneration by inhibiting the phosphorylation of Raptor and mTOR in the mTOR pathway. Trial completion date: Jan 2024 --> Jan 2025 | Trial primary completion date: Jan 2024 --> Jan 2025
- | Preclinical, Journal: Long-Term Social Isolation-Induced Autophagy Inhibition and Cell Senescence Aggravate Cognitive Impairment in D(+)Galactose-Treated Male Mice. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 12, 2022
Beyond these, the autophagy and cell cycle mechanisms that link isolation and aging have been explored. The close association between isolation and aging in humans is very real and needs much research attention going forward for possible therapeutic interventions.
- || Review, Journal: Escaping Death: How Cancer Cells and Infected Cells Resist Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 12, 2022
Altogether, it is clear that target cells are not passive bystanders to cell-mediated cytotoxicity and resistance mechanisms can significantly constrain immune cell-mediated killing. Understanding these processes of immune evasion may lead to novel ideas for medical intervention.
- | Journal, IO biomarker: LINC01605 knockdown induces apoptosis in human Tenon's capsule fibroblasts by inhibiting autophagy. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 12, 2022
Taken together, the results of the present study suggested that LINC01605 knockdown may inhibit the viability of HTFs by inducing the apoptotic pathway. These findings may provide novel directions for the treatment of HS.
- | Preclinical, Journal: Propofol Upregulates MicroRNA-30b to Inhibit Excessive Autophagy and Apoptosis and Attenuates Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury In Vitro and in Patients. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 12, 2022
This trial is registered with ChiCTR-IPR-14005470. The name of the trial register: Propofol Upregulates MicroRNA-30b to Repress Beclin-1 and Inhibits Excessive Autophagy and Apoptosis.
- | Preclinical, Journal: Inhibition of Autophagy Facilitates XY03-EA-Mediated Neuroprotection against the Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Rats. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 12, 2022
In this study, we found that XY03-EA alleviated the cerebral I/R injuries in rats and nonhuman primates. Our results demonstrated that XY03-EA exerted neuroprotective effects against the ROS-mediated autophagic neurocyte death and had great potential for the treatment of ischemic stroke.
- | Journal: TRIM65 Promotes Cervical Cancer Through Selectively Degrading p53-Mediated Inhibition of Autophagy and Apoptosis. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 12, 2022
Furthermore, our experiments showed that TRIM65 exhibited oncogenic activities via directly targeting p53, a tumor suppressor and a common upsteam regulator between autophagy and apoptosis, promoting ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of p53. Taken together, our studies demonstrated that TRIM65 knockdown promotes cervical cancer cell death through enhancing autophagy and apoptosis, suggesting that TRIM65 may be a potential therapeutic target for cervical cancer clinically.
- | Zolinza (vorinostat) / Merck (MSD)
Preclinical, Journal: Combining EGFR-TKI With SAHA Overcomes EGFR-TKI-Acquired Resistance by Reducing the Protective Autophagy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 12, 2022
We revealed that the increase in autophagy caused by the reduction of EZH2 was reversed in vitro and in vivo when combining gefitinib or osimertinib with suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), a broad-spectrum histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi). In conclusion, our results indicated that the combination of EGFR-TKIs and SAHA may be a new strategy to overcome EGFR-TKIs acquired resistance.
- | Preclinical, Journal: Inhibition of Autophagy by 3-MA Increases Oncolysis Effect of VSV in a Murine Model of Cancer (Pubmed Central) - Apr 12, 2022
Combining oncolytic VSV with 3-MA as an autophagy inhibitor agent can improve the efficacy of tumor treatment. This combination therapy approach enhances apoptosis in tumors as well as T cell cytotoxicity against tumor cells.
- metformin / Generic mfg.
Protective role of metformin in acute renal ischemic reperfusion injury (Room 225) - Apr 10, 2022 - Abstract #AUA2022AUA_1774;
Conclusions : Altogether, in this research, we established IR mouse model of kidney stone. We firstly found metformin inhibits autophagy and apoptosis in renal cell, which indicated metformin plays a protective role of metformin in acute renal ischemic reperfusion injury.
- | Journal: Platycodin D inhibits autophagy and increases glioblastoma cell death via LDLR upregulation. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 9, 2022
Finally, blockade of cholesterol uptake by LDLR knockdown reversed the PD-induced inhibition of autophagy and GBM cell growth. Our study proposes that PD could be a potent anti-GBM drug by disrupting cholesterol trafficking and autophagy.
- | Journal: Deletion of BCG_2432c from the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccine enhances autophagy-mediated immunity against tuberculosis. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 9, 2022
The insufficient efficacy of the BCG vaccine is attributable to the important autophagy-inhibition gene BCG_2432c that blocks the autophagosome-lysosome pathway of antigen presentation. ΔBCG_2432c provides a promising platform to either replace the current BCG vaccine or develop vaccines that are more effective against TB.
- | imatinib / Generic mfg.
Journal: The anticancer drug imatinib induces autophagy in Schistosoma mansoni. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 9, 2022
Here, we present the first known evidence that one effect of imatinib is the induction of autophagy in S. mansoni. Furthermore, worms co-treated with imatinib and bafilomycin A1, a late-phase autophagy inhibitor, reversed imatinib-induced autophagy and its antischistosomal effects as revealed by phenotypic and molecular analyses.
- | Journal: LncTRPM2-AS inhibits TRIM21-mediated TRPM2 ubiquitination and prevents autophagy-induced apoptosis of macrophages in asthma. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 9, 2022
Downregulation of lncTRPM2-AS significantly decreased intracellular calcium levels by restraining TRPM2 protein expression, which in turn decreased ROS levels and increased autophagy to promote macrophage apoptosis and reduce cytokine production, together inhibiting macrophage inflammation. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that lncTRPM2-AS blocks the ubiquitination of TRPM2 via TRIM21 and inhibits autophagy-induced apoptosis which may contribute to macrophage inflammation in asthma.
- | AZD1480 / AstraZeneca
Journal, IO biomarker: Pan-Caspase Inhibitor zVAD Induces Necroptotic and Autophagic Cell Death in TLR3/4-Stimulated Macrophages. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 9, 2022
Accordingly, both cell death and ROS production induced by TLR ligands plus zVAD were abrogated in STAT1 knockout macrophages. We conclude that enhanced TRIF-RIP1-dependent autocrine action of IFNβ, rather than inhibition of ERK or Akt, is involved in TLRs/zVAD-induced autophagic and necroptotic cell death via the JAK/STAT1/ROS pathway.
- | Ninlaro (ixazomib) / Takeda, Istodax (romidepsin) / Astellas, BMS
Journal, Epigenetic controller: Blocking autophagy overcomes resistance to dual histone deacetylase and proteasome inhibition in gynecologic cancer. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 9, 2022
Taken together, our findings demonstrate a role for autophagic-mediated cell survival in proteasome inhibitor and HDAC inhibitor-resistant gynecologic cancer cells. These data reveal a new approach to overcome drug resistance by inhibiting the autophagy pathway.
- | Journal: TRPV1 Suppressed NLRP3 Through Regulating Autophagy in Microglia After Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 9, 2022
However, the effect of TRPV1's inhibitor on inflammatory response was attenuated when the autophagy was blocked. These findings suggested that TRPV1 exhibits an anti-inflammatory effect on OGD/R-induced microglia, which was at least correlated with the anti-autophagy action of TRPV1 partially.
- | Journal: PGK1 represses autophagy-mediated cell death to promote the proliferation of liver cancer cells by phosphorylating PRAS40. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 9, 2022
These results suggest a novel model of tumorigenesis, in which PGK1 switches between repressing autophagy-mediated cell death via PRAS40 and inducing autophagy through Beclin1 according to the environmental oxygen level. Our study is anticipated to be able to offer novel insights in understanding PGK1/PRAS40 signaling hyperactivated cancers.
- | Journal: Myocardin/microRNA-30a/Beclin1 signaling controls the phenotypic modulation of vascular smooth muscle cells by regulating autophagy. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 9, 2022
Furthermore, using a wire injury mouse model, we found that miR-30a expression was significantly downregulated in the arterial tissues of mice and that restoration of miR-30a expression at the injured site abolished neointimal formation. Herein, MYOCD could inhibit autophagy by activating the transcription of miR-30a and that miR-30a-mediated autophagy defects could inhibit intimal hyperplasia in a carotid arterial injury model.
- | Journal: Autolysosomes and caspase-3 control the biogenesis and release of immunogenic apoptotic exosomes. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 9, 2022
Caspase-3 activation was identified using caspase-3-deficient endothelial cells or caspase inhibitors as a pivotal regulator of fusion events between autolysosomes and the cell membrane, therefore regulating the release of immunogenic ApoExos. Collectively, these findings identified autolysosomes as a site of ApoExo biogenesis and caspase-3 as a crucial regulator of autolysosome cell membrane interactions involved in the secretion of immunogenic ApoExos.
- || Review, Journal: Autophagy Contributes to Metabolic Reprogramming and Therapeutic Resistance in Pancreatic Tumors. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 9, 2022
Moreover, high autophagic activity in PDAC is markedly related to resistance to current therapies. In this context, combining autophagy inhibition with standard chemotherapy, and/or drugs targeting other vulnerabilities such as metabolic pathways or the immune response, is an ongoing clinical strategy for which there is still much to do through translational and multidisciplinary research.
- | Journal: S-Nitrosylation of p62 Inhibits Autophagic Flux to Promote α-Synuclein Secretion and Spread in Parkinson's Disease and Lewy Body Dementia. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 9, 2022
Thus, our data show that pathological protein S-nitrosylation of p62 represents a critical factor not only for autophagic inhibition and demise of individual neurons, but also for α-syn release and spread of disease throughout the nervous system.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTIn Parkinson's disease and Lewy body dementia, dysfunctional autophagy contributes to accumulation and spread of aggregated α-synuclein. Here, we provide evidence that protein S-nitrosylation of p62 inhibits autophagic flux, contributing to α-synuclein aggregation and spread.
- | Journal, IO biomarker: LncRNA small nucleolar RNA host gene 5 inhibits trophoblast autophagy in preeclampsia by targeting microRNA-31-5p and promoting the transcription of secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 9, 2022
Additionally, miR-31-5p knockdown or 3-MA treatment reverted the stimulative effect of SNHG5 silencing on trophoblast autophagy. Collectively, our study demonstrated that lncRNA SNHG5 alleviated the PE phenotype and inhibited trophoblast autophagy by sponging miR-31-5p and promoting SPARC transcription.
- | chloroquine phosphate / Generic mfg., sirolimus / Generic mfg.
Journal, IO biomarker: Activation of Autophagy by Low-Dose Silica Nanoparticles Enhances Testosterone Secretion in Leydig Cells. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 9, 2022
Furthermore, BECLIN-1 depletion inhibited testosterone production and StAR expression. Altogether, our results demonstrate that low doses of SNPs enhanced testosterone secretion via the activation of autophagy in PLCs.
- | chloroquine phosphate / Generic mfg.
Journal: Irisin protects against vascular calcification by activating autophagy and inhibiting NLRP3-mediated vascular smooth muscle cell pyroptosis in chronic kidney disease. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 9, 2022
Finally, our in vivo study showed that Irisin treatment promoted autophagy, downregulated ROS level and thereby suppressed pyroptosis and medial calcification in aortic tissues of adenine-induced CKD mice. Together, our findings for the first time demonstrated that Irisin protected against VC via inducing autophagy and inhibiting VSMC pyroptosis in CKD, and Irisin might serve as an effective therapeutic agent for CKD-associated VC.
- | sirolimus / Generic mfg.
Journal: Knockdown of lncRNA HAGLROS inhibits metastasis and promotes apoptosis in nephroblastoma cells by inhibition of autophagy. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 9, 2022
Rapamycin and 3-methyladenine were used to serve as autophagy activator or inhibitor, respectively...Stimulation of autophagy alleviated HAGLROS silencing-induced apoptosis, while inhibition of autophagy reversed the effect in nephroblastoma cells. In summary, our results revealed that HAGLROS executed an oncogenic role in the progress of nephroblastoma, offering a new perspective on the strategy for nephroblastoma therapy.
- | Journal: Quantitative phosphoproteomic analyses identify STK11IP as a lysosome-specific substrate of mTORC1 that regulates lysosomal acidification. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 9, 2022
Knockout of STK11IP protects mice from fasting or Methionine/Choline-Deficient Diet (MCD)-induced fatty liver. Thus, our study demonstrates that STK11IP phosphorylation represents a mechanism for mTORC1 to regulate lysosomal acidification and autophagy, and points to STK11IP as a promising therapeutic target for the amelioration of diseases with aberrant autophagy signaling.
- | doxorubicin hydrochloride / Generic mfg.
Journal, IO biomarker: Inhibition of autophagy enhances apoptosis induced by doxorubicin hydrochloride in human colon cancer cells (Pubmed Central) - Apr 9, 2022
Results DOX inhibited the proliferation and colony formation of colon cancer cells, and promoted cell apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner; DOX promoted autophagy in cells, and the expression of beclin 1 and LC3 II increased in a concentration-dependent manner; DOX promoted apoptosis of colon cancer cells, which was improved by inhibiting autophagy. Conclusion DOX inhibits the proliferation of colon cancer cells and promotes their apoptosis, and inhibition of autophagy in colon cancer cells can increase the sensitivity of apoptosis induced by DOX.
- || chloroquine phosphate / Generic mfg., temozolomide / Generic mfg.
P1 data, Journal: Chloroquine combined with concurrent radiotherapy and temozolomide for newly diagnosed glioblastoma: a phase IB trial. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 8, 2022
A daily dose of 200 mg chloroquine was determined to be the maximum tolerated dose when combined with radiotherapy and concurrent temozolomide for newly diagnosed glioblastoma. Favorable toxicity and promising overall survival support further clinical studies.
- | Journal: Keratinocyte autophagy enables the activation of keratinocytes and fibroblasts and facilitates wound healing. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 8, 2022
At the cellular level, we found that CCL2 induction via autophagy in keratinocytes is required not only for keratinocyte migration and proliferation but also for dermal fibroblast activation. Our findings demonstrate a critical role of epidermal autophagy in wound healing in vivo and elucidate a critical molecular machinery coordinating keratinocyte-fibroblast interaction in skin repair.
- | Preclinical, Journal: Autophagy Controls Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy in Psychological Stress Colitis Mice. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 8, 2022
Inhibition of autophagy by blocking Mir7k or activating STAT3 signaling can restore MSCT-mediated therapy in psychologically stressed colitis mice. Our study identifies a previously unknown role of autophagy in regulating MSCT therapy via exosomal miRNA Mir7k.
- | Journal: Secretory autophagy machinery and vesicular trafficking are involved in HMGB1 secretion. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 8, 2022
The multivesicular body formation inhibitor GW4869 dramatically decreased HMGB1 secretion under HMGB1 secretion-inducing conditions. Thus, we demonstrated that secretory autophagy and multivesicular body formation mediate HMGB1 secretion.
- | cisplatin / Generic mfg.
Journal: HPV sensitizes OPSCC cells to cisplatin-induced apoptosis by inhibiting autophagy through E7-mediated degradation of AMBRA1. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 8, 2022
Importantly, semi-quantitative immunohistochemical analysis in primary OPSCCs confirmed that AMBRA1 expression is reduced in HPV-positive compared to HPV-negative tumors. Collectively, these data identify AMBRA1 as a key target of HPV to impair autophagy and propose the targeting of autophagy as a viable therapeutic strategy to improve treatment response of HPV-negative OPSCC.
- | sirolimus / Generic mfg.
Journal: A VASt-domain protein regulates autophagy, membrane tension, and sterol homeostasis in rice blast fungus. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 8, 2022
Lipidomics and transcriptomics analyses further confirmed that MoVast1 is an important regulator of lipid metabolism and the autophagy pathway. Our results revealed and characterized a novel sterol transfer protein important for M. oryzae pathogenicity.
- | chloroquine phosphate / Generic mfg.
Journal: TXNIP/VDUP1 attenuates steatohepatitis via autophagy and fatty acid oxidation. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 8, 2022
Targeting TXNIP may be a potential therapeutic approach for NASH. Abbreviations: ACOX1: acyl-Coenzyme A oxidase 1, palmitoyl; ACSL1: acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 1; ACTA2/α-SMA: actin, alpha 2, smooth muscle, aorta; ACTB: actin beta; ADGRE1/F4/80: adhesion G protein-coupled receptor E1; AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; ATG: autophagy-related; BafA1: bafilomycin A1; COL1A1/Col1α1: collagen, type I, alpha 1; CPT1A: carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a, liver; CQ: chloroquine; DGAT1: diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1; DGAT2: diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2; ECI2/Peci: enoyl-Coenzyme A isomerase 2; EHHADH: enoyl-Coenzyme A, hydratase/3-hydroxyacyl Coenzyme A dehydrogenase; FAO: fatty acid oxidation; FASN: fatty acid synthase; FFA: free fatty acids; GFP: green fluorescent protein; GK/GYK: glycerol kinase; GOT1/AST: glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase 1, soluble; GPAM: glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase, mitochondrial; GPT/ALT: glutamic pyruvic transaminase, soluble; H&E: hematoxylin and eosin; IL1B/IL-1β: interleukin 1 beta; IL6: interleukin 6; IOD: integral optical density; KO: knockout; Leu: leupeptin; LPIN1: lipin 1; MAP1LC3B/LC3B: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; MCD: methionine choline-deficient; MMP9: matrix metallopeptidase 9; mRNA: messenger RNA; MTORC1: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase complex 1; NAFLD: nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases; NASH: nonalcoholic steatohepatitis; PA: palmitic acid; PPARA/PPARα: peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha; PPARG/PPARγ: peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma; qRT-PCR: quantitative real-time PCR; RPS6KB1/p70S6K1: ribosomal protein S6 kinase, polypeptide 1; RPTOR: regulatory associated protein of MTOR complex 1; SCD1: stearoyl-Coenzyme A desaturase 1; SEM: standard error of the mean; siRNA: small interfering RNA; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; TFEB: transcription factor EB; TG: triglyceride; TGFB/TGF-β: transforming growth factor, beta; TIMP1: tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1; TNF/TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor; TXNIP/VDUP1: thioredoxin interacting protein; WT: wild-type.
- | Journal: Enhanced viability and function of mesenchymal stromal cell spheroids is mediated via autophagy induction. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 8, 2022
Finally, the critical role of autophagy induction on improved therapeutic effects of MSC was further verified in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced murine colitis. Taken together, these results indicated that autophagy activation and modulation of ROS production mediated via the HIF1A-HMOX1 axis play pivotal roles in enhancing the viability of MSC.
- | Journal: Vacuolar processing enzyme translocates to the vacuole through the autophagy pathway to induce programmed cell death. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 8, 2022
RNAi silencing of the core autophagy component ATG4 in BY-2 cells reduced VPE activity and cell death. These results are the first to suggest that VPE translocates to the cell vacuole through the autophagy pathway, leading to PCD.
- | Journal: A high-throughput screening identifies ZNF418 as a novel regulator of the ubiquitin-proteasome system and autophagy-lysosomal pathway. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 8, 2022
RNA-seq from Zfp418 knockdown also revealed accumulation of several genes involved in cardiac development and/or hypertrophy. In conclusion, our study provides evidence that ZNF418 activates the ALP, inhibits the UPS and regulates genes associated with cardiomyocyte structure/function.