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  • ||||||||||  Avastin (bevacizumab) / Roche
    Journal, IO biomarker:  Astragaloside IV enhances the sensibility of lung adenocarcinoma cells to bevacizumab by inhibiting autophagy. (Pubmed Central) -  May 6, 2022   
    However, BV alone down-regulated P62 expression, LC3I/LC3II level, the number of cells arrested at S phase and the phosphorylation levels of AKT and mTOR, but upregulated the number of cells arrested at G0/G1 phase and Beclin1 expression, whereas AST-IV alone could reverse the effect of BV on autophagy-related proteins, the phosphorylation levels of AKT and mTOR. This paper demonstrates that AST-IV enhances the effect of BV on inhibiting proliferation and promoting apoptosis of lung adenocarcinoma cells through inhibiting autophagy pathway.
  • ||||||||||  sirolimus / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  TOR promotes guard cell starch degradation by regulating the activity of β-AMYLASE1 in Arabidopsis. (Pubmed Central) -  May 6, 2022   
    The TARGET of RAPAMYCIN (TOR) kinase is an evolutionarily conserved master regulator that integrates energy, nutrient, hormone, and stress signaling to regulate growth in all eukaryotes...Furthermore, sugar supply induced BAM1 accumulation, but TOR inactivation led to BAM1 degradation, and the effects of TOR inactivation on BAM1 degradation were abolished by the inhibition of autophagy and proteasome pathways or by phospho-mimicking mutation of BAM1 at serine-31. Such regulation of BAM1 activity by sugar-TOR signaling allows carbon availability to regulate guard cell starch metabolism and stomatal movement, ensuring optimal photosynthesis efficiency of plants.
  • ||||||||||  perifosine (D21266) / AEterna Zentaris
    Journal:  Autophagy: a multifaceted player in the fate of sperm. (Pubmed Central) -  May 6, 2022   
    Such regulation of BAM1 activity by sugar-TOR signaling allows carbon availability to regulate guard cell starch metabolism and stomatal movement, ensuring optimal photosynthesis efficiency of plants. Deciphering the roles of autophagy in the entire fate of sperm will provide valuable insights into therapies for diseases, especially male infertility.
  • ||||||||||  temozolomide / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Hsa_circ_0072309 enhances autophagy and TMZ sensitivity in glioblastoma. (Pubmed Central) -  May 6, 2022   
    This study revealed a function of hsa_circ_0072309 promoting autophagy by p53 signaling pathway and enhancing TMZ sensitivity. These findings demonstrated that hsa_circ_0072309 may be a potential and promising target in designing the treatment strategy for GBM.
  • ||||||||||  Torin1 / InvivoGen
    Autophagy suppression inhibits the syncytialization of trophoblast cells (Grand Hall C) -  May 6, 2022 - Abstract #ASRI2022ASRI_152;    
    Meanwhile, as the suppression of autophagy inhibited the trophoblast differentiation, autophagy would be required for the initiation of syncytialization. To sum up our results, we speculated that the decrease in autophagy flux indicates the consumption of autophagy during the progression of syncytialization.
  • ||||||||||  hydroxychloroquine / Generic mfg.
    My Journeys with Three Microbes in the Reproductive Tract (Grand Hall E) -  May 6, 2022 - Abstract #ASRI2022ASRI_42;    
    Our work has led to new insights into viral infections, showing how they co-opt host defenses, and that tolerance may have microbial drivers. We have shown how cellular pathways in the placenta such as autophagy and RAS mechanistically regulate host defenses against pathogens, including ZIKV and SARS-CoV-2.
  • ||||||||||  bemcentinib (BGB324) / BerGenBio, Zelboraf (vemurafenib) / Roche
    Journal:  AXL inhibition improves BRAF-targeted treatment in melanoma. (Pubmed Central) -  May 6, 2022   
    When searching for mechanistic insights, AXLi was found to potentiate BRAFi-induced apoptosis, stimulate ferroptosis and inhibit autophagy. Altogether, our findings propose AXLi as a promising treatment in combination with standard therapy to improve therapeutic outcome in metastatic melanoma.
  • ||||||||||  metformin / Generic mfg.
    Autophagy Is Differentially Regulated In Leukocyte And Nonleukocyte Foam Cells During Atherosclerosis (Metropolitan Ballroom A) -  May 6, 2022 - Abstract #ATVBPVDGPM2022ATVB_PVD_GPM_20;    
    Our data therefore demonstrates a lack of functional autophagy in VSMC, as compared to MΦ foam cells, which impairs their ability to perform cholesterol efflux. This autophagy defect in VSMC foam cells can be increased by autophagy activation using metformin, highlighting both the importance of understanding cholesterol metabolism in all foam cell populations and a new avenue to treat atherosclerosis.
  • ||||||||||  Journal:  Tubular cells produce FGF2 via autophagy after acute kidney injury leading to fibroblast activation and renal fibrosis. (Pubmed Central) -  May 3, 2022   
    In human, compared with non-AKI, the renal biopsies from post-AKI patients had higher levels of autophagy and FGF2 in tubular cells, which showed significant correlations with renal fibrosis. These results indicate that persistent autophagy after AKI induces pro-fibrotic phenotype transformation in tubular cells leading to the expression and secretion of FGF2, which activates fibroblasts for renal fibrosis during maladaptive kidney repair.
  • ||||||||||  Relation of IGF1R inhibition to TLR9- and autophagy signaling in HT29 cancer cells () -  Apr 30, 2022 - Abstract #EAACI2022EAACI_949;    
    Conclusion Our study provides evidence for a close relationship between IGF1R inhibition and TLR9/autophagy signaling with profound influence on survival, proliferation and death of HT29 cells subjected to intact or modified self-DNA treatments. (Funded by StartUp).
  • ||||||||||  LY294002 / Eli Lilly
    Preclinical, Journal:  Ligustrazine protects against chronic hypertensive glaucoma in rats by inhibiting autophagy via the PI3K-Akt/mTOR pathway. (Pubmed Central) -  Apr 30, 2022   
    Additionally, ligustrazine significantly increased the protein levels of phosphorylated PI3K (p-PI3K), protein kinase B (p-Akt), and mTOR (p-mTOR) in glaucoma rats, whereas such increases were attenuated by rapamycin or Ly294002. These results demonstrate that ligustrazine is protective in experimental glaucoma by inhibiting autophagy via the activation of the PI3K-Akt/mTOR pathway, providing compelling evidence that ligustrazine is potentially therapeutic for patients with glaucoma.
  • ||||||||||  cisplatin / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Cisplatin resistance can be curtailed by blunting Bnip3-mediated mitochondrial autophagy. (Pubmed Central) -  Apr 30, 2022   
    Genetic BNIP3 silencing or pharmacological inhibition of autophagosome formation re-sensitizes these cells to CDDP. Our study identifies inhibition of BNIP3-driven mitophagy as a potential therapeutic strategy to counteract CDDP resistance in ovarian carcinoma and osteosarcoma.
  • ||||||||||  Journal:  Baicalin regulates autophagy to interfere with small intestinal acute graft-versus-host disease. (Pubmed Central) -  Apr 29, 2022   
    Furthermore, the effect of baicalin was reduced after combination treatment with the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine(3-MA). Baicalin can decrease the severity of small intestinal aGVHD by regulating autophagy by influencing imbalances in inflammatory cytokine levels and mucosal barrier damage, thus baicalin may have potential as a new treatment for aGVHD.
  • ||||||||||  Role of Zika virus (ZIKV) in Glaucoma Pathobiology (A0379) -  Apr 29, 2022 - Abstract #ARVO2022ARVO_4189;    
    Our study for the first time showed experimental evidence of ZIKV induced glaucoma. Because of the similarity in glaucomatous pathologies in our study and other experimental glaucoma models, ZIKV infection can be used to study infectious triggers of glaucoma, currently, an understudied area of investigation.
  • ||||||||||  Selective autophagy regulates limbal epithelial differentiation via controlling Notch1 protein degradation (2A/3A Mile High Blrm) -  Apr 29, 2022 - Abstract #ARVO2022ARVO_499;    
    Because of the similarity in glaucomatous pathologies in our study and other experimental glaucoma models, ZIKV infection can be used to study infectious triggers of glaucoma, currently, an understudied area of investigation. Our observations suggest that a decrease in selective autophagy triggers the differentiation of stem/TA cell-enriched limbal epithelium into more differentiated limbal epithelial superficial cells.
  • ||||||||||  Edurant (rilpivirine) / J&J
    Journal:  Implication of autophagy in the antifibrogenic effect of Rilpivirine: when more is less. (Pubmed Central) -  Apr 28, 2022   
    Finally, we also provide evidence that RPV compromises the viability of TGF-β-induced HSC independently of its antifibrogenic effect, observed as reduced collagen 1A1 synthesis, and that this effect does not include RPV´s modulation of autophagy. In summary, as a contributor to the mechanisms involved in the hepatoprotective action of RPV, autophagy may be a good candidate to explore when developing novel therapeutics for LF.
  • ||||||||||  Journal:  Secretory autophagy maintains proteostasis upon lysosome inhibition. (Pubmed Central) -  Apr 28, 2022   
    Finally, ATG-dependent EVP secretion buffers against the intracellular accumulation of autophagy cargo receptors when classical autophagic degradation is impaired. Thus, we propose secretory autophagy via EVPs functions as an alternate route to clear sequestered material and maintain proteostasis during endolysosomal dysfunction or impaired autophagosome maturation.