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  • ||||||||||  Visudyne (verteporfin) / Novartis
    Verteporfin inhibits autophagy in glioblastoma cell lines (Gardehalle I & II) -  Sep 9, 2022 - Abstract #EANO2022EANO_531;    
    The results obtained showed that the three GBM cell lines without any drugs were marked by high levels of autophagy, similar to the cells treated with Rapamycin, an autophagy inducer... In conclusion, these data demonstrated that the three GBM cell lines (U87MG, T98G and A172) are characterized by high levels of autophagy and the inhibition of the Hippo pathway with VP and especially the combination DOX-VP reduced the activation of this protumoral molecular mechanism in GBM cell lines.
  • ||||||||||  Tazverik (tazemetostat) / Eisai, Ipsen
    ANTITUMOR ACTIVITY OF TAZEMETOSTAT AND DOXORUBICIN COMBINATION ON PATIENT-DERIVED PRECLINICAL MODELS OF EPITHELIOID SARCOMA () -  Sep 9, 2022 - Abstract #CTOS2022CTOS_230;    
    In conclusion, these data demonstrated that the three GBM cell lines (U87MG, T98G and A172) are characterized by high levels of autophagy and the inhibition of the Hippo pathway with VP and especially the combination DOX-VP reduced the activation of this protumoral molecular mechanism in GBM cell lines. Results of the present preclinical study i) show a synergistic antitumor activity of the tazemetostat-doxorubicin combination, which was also maintained at re-challenge, in an ES PDX model and its derived post-treatment variant, and ii) provide preliminary evidence on possible determinants of resistance to the combined treatment.
  • ||||||||||  gabapentin / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Chronic pain causes Tau-mediated hippocampal pathology and memory deficits. (Pubmed Central) -  Sep 4, 2022   
    Interestingly, genetic ablation of Tau blocks the establishment of SNI-induced hippocampal morphofunctional deficits supporting the mediating role of Tau in SNI-evoked hippocampal pathology and memory impairment. These findings reveal that exposure to chronic pain triggers Tau-related neuropathology and may be relevant for understanding how chronic pain precipitates memory loss leading to dementia.
  • ||||||||||  Tazverik (tazemetostat) / Eisai, Ipsen
    Tazemetostat and doxorubicin in patient-derived preclinical models ofepithelioid sarcoma (ES) (Exhibition Hall) -  Sep 3, 2022 - Abstract #AACRNCIEORTC2022AACR_NCI_EORTC_329;    
    Tazemetostat plus doxorubicin showed synergistic antitumor activity in an ES tumor model, an effect that was maintained at a rechallenge in the derived post-treatment PDX. Possible determinants ofresistance to this drug combination were also identified in an inheritedresistant tumor model.
  • ||||||||||  cisplatin / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Evaluation of targeting autophagy for the treatment of malignant rhabdoid tumours. (Pubmed Central) -  Sep 3, 2022   
    In addition, blocking autophagy at the early stages of the autophagic process using the pharmacological inhibitor SAR405 or through the genetic knockdown of critical autophagic protein ATG5 by siRNA did not sensitise cells to cisplatin-induced apoptosis. Collectively, these results suggest that induction of autophagy does not appear to elicit a pro-survival effect in the chemotherapeutic response of MRT cells.
  • ||||||||||  Journal:  ANGPTL4 attenuates palmitic acid-induced endothelial cell injury by increasing autophagy. (Pubmed Central) -  Sep 3, 2022   
    Furthermore, the expression of ANGPTL4 was correlated with autophagy-related proteins in aortic tissues of atherosclerotic mice. ANGPTL4 promotes endothelial cell proliferation and suppresses PA-induced endothelial cell injury by increasing autophagy, which may protect against the development of atherosclerosis.
  • ||||||||||  Review, Journal:  The crosstalk between sonodynamic therapy and autophagy in cancer. (Pubmed Central) -  Sep 3, 2022   
    This review summarizes recent progress in autophagy activation by SDT through multiple mechanisms in tumor therapies, drug resistance, and lipid catabolism. A promising tumor therapy, which combines SDT with autophagy inhibition using a nanoparticle delivering system, is presented and investigated.
  • ||||||||||  Journal, PARP Biomarker:  Ammonium tetrathiomolybdate triggers autophagy-dependent NRF2 activation in vascular endothelial cells. (Pubmed Central) -  Sep 3, 2022   
    Finally, we showed that autophagy-dependent NRF2 activation contributed to the protective effects of TTM against NaAsO-induced oxidative injury, because of ATG5 or SQSTM1 knockout aggravated NaAsO-induced elevation of HMOX1, cleaved PARP and γH2AX. Taken together, our findings highlight copper chelator TTM is a novel autophagy-dependent NRF2 activator and shed a new light on the cure for oxidative damage-related diseases.
  • ||||||||||  acetylcysteine solution / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Artesunate Inhibits the Cell Growth in Colorectal Cancer by Promoting ROS-Dependent Cell Senescence and Autophagy. (Pubmed Central) -  Sep 3, 2022   
    In contrast, N-Acetylcysteine (NAC, an ROS scavenger) and 3-Methyladenine (3-MA, an autophagy inhibitor) restored cell viability and attenuated autophagy in artesunate-treated cells...Ki67 and cyclin D1 expression was downregulated in tumor tissue, while p16, p21, p-IRE1α, and LC3B expression was upregulated. Taken together, artesunate induces senescence and autophagy to inhibit cell proliferation in colorectal cancer by promoting excessive ROS generation.
  • ||||||||||  hydroxychloroquine / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Quantitative Proteomics Explore the Potential Targets and Action Mechanisms of Hydroxychloroquine. (Pubmed Central) -  Sep 3, 2022   
    Furthermore, HCQ may prevent the progression of pancreatic cancer by regulating the expression of nesprin-2 (SYNE2), protein-S-isoprenylcysteine O-methyltransferase (ICMT), and cotranscriptional regulator FAM172A (FAM172A). Together, these findings not only identified potential binding targets for HCQ but also revealed the non-canonical mechanisms of HCQ that may contribute to pancreatic cancer treatment.
  • ||||||||||  cisplatin / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Inhibition of autophagy potentiates the cytotoxicity of the irreversible FGFR1-4 inhibitor FIIN-2 on lung adenocarcinoma. (Pubmed Central) -  Sep 2, 2022   
    More importantly, in vivo and in vitro experiments showed that autophagy inhibitors could enhance the cytotoxicity of FIIN-2 on A549 and A549/DDP cells, confirming that FIIN-2 induced protective autophagy. These findings indicated that FIIN-2 is a potential drug candidate for LUAD treatment, and its use in combination with autophagy inhibitors might be an efficient treatment strategy, especially for patients with cisplatin resistance.
  • ||||||||||  Journal:  Effects of macroautophagy and mitophagy on the pathogenicity of Fusarium graminearum. (Pubmed Central) -  Aug 31, 2022   
    However, mitophagy did not seem to affect the infectivity of F. graminearum. In summary, the above results indicated that macroautophagy and mitophagy inhibition could reduce the pathogenicity of F. graminearum, which would provide a new perspective for management of plant fungal diseases.
  • ||||||||||  Journal:  Autophagy:a new mechanism for esketamine as a depression therapeutic. (Pubmed Central) -  Aug 31, 2022   
    Interestingly, the use of 3-MA did not attenuate or even enhance the therapeutic effect of ESK. The results suggest that, in the LPS-induced depression models, ESK conveyed an antidepressant effect via the inhibition of autophagy through the mTOR-BDNF pathway.
  • ||||||||||  sirolimus / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Maternal obesity induces liver lipid accumulation of offspring through the lncRNA Lockd/mTOR autophagy pathway. (Pubmed Central) -  Aug 31, 2022   
    In addition, AML12 cells were treated with small interfering RNA (siRNA) and rapamycin...Our study revealed that maternal obesity caused low expression of lncRNA Lockd in the offspring's liver, and lncRNA Lockd positively regulates autophagy through the mTOR signaling pathway. This study provides new insights into the occurrence of lipid accumulation in the liver of offspring.
  • ||||||||||  chloroquine phosphate / Generic mfg.
    Preclinical, Journal:  The Effect of Aerobic Exercise on the lipophagy of Adipose Tissue in Obese Male Mice. (Pubmed Central) -  Aug 31, 2022   
    Long-term high-fat diet can cause obesity in mice, and the process of lipophagy is inhibited, which may be one of the reasons for fat accumulation. Eight weeks of aerobic exercise can effectively reduce the weight of obese mice and promote lipolysis; this process is mainly completed by lipase decomposition, in addition to require the participation of the lipophagy process.
  • ||||||||||  Journal:  Progress in the effect of microRNA-21 on diseases via autophagy. (Pubmed Central) -  Aug 31, 2022   
    In the past two decades, growing evidence has shown that microRNA (miRNA) is closely related to autophagy. MiRNA-21 promotes or inhibits autophagy via regulating relevant pathways for different downstream target genes, and plays a role in tumors, ischemia-reperfusion injury, and other diseases.
  • ||||||||||  Journal:  CagA and VacA inhibit gastric mucosal epithelial cell autophagy and promote the progression of gastric precancerous lesions. (Pubmed Central) -  Aug 31, 2022   
    This change can cause Helicobacter pylori to be unable to be effectively cleared by autophagy, so CagA and VacA can persist and promote the inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis of gastric mucosal tissue cells, and the glycolytic activity and proliferation of variant cells in gastric precancerous lesions and a series of malignant biological processes. In recent years, the research on drugs specifically inhibiting the activities of CagA and VacA has become a new direction for the prevention and treatment of Helicobacter pylori-related severe gastric diseases, and a variety of drugs or components that can precisely and effectively regulate the factors for the treatment of gastric precancerous lesions are emerged, which opens a new strategy for the treatment of gastric precancerous lesions in the future.
  • ||||||||||  Jardiance (empagliflozin) / Eli Lilly, Boehringer Ingelheim
    Journal:  Novel cardioprotective mechanism for Empagliflozin in nondiabetic myocardial infarction with acute hyperglycemia. (Pubmed Central) -  Aug 30, 2022   
    In addition, EMPA rescued cardiomyocytes autosis induced by Tat-beclin1 or GD, conferring cardioprotection decreasing autophagic cell death. These findings provide new insights that SGLT2 inhibitor effectively ameliorates the myocardial injury in nondiabetic myocardial infarction with acute hyperglycemia through suppressing beclin1-dependent autosis rather than elusively targeting NHE1 in cardiomyocytes.
  • ||||||||||  Review, Journal:  Inhibiting Cytoprotective Autophagy in Cancer Therapy: An Update on Pharmacological Small-Molecule Compounds. (Pubmed Central) -  Aug 30, 2022   
    Here, we focus on summarizing small-molecule compounds inhibiting the autophagy process, as well as further discuss other dual-target small-molecule compounds, combination strategies, and other strategies to improve potential cancer therapy. Therefore, these findings will shed new light on exploiting more small-molecule compounds inhibiting cytoprotective autophagy as candidate drugs for fighting human cancers in the future.
  • ||||||||||  doxorubicin hydrochloride / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Doxorubicin Induces Bone Loss by Increasing Autophagy through a Mitochondrial ROS/TRPML1/TFEB Axis in Osteoclasts. (Pubmed Central) -  Aug 27, 2022   
    In vivo, micro-computerized tomography analysis revealed that the injection of 3-MA reversed DOX-induced bone loss, and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining showed that 3-MA reduced the area of OCs on the bone surface, which was enhanced upon DOX administration. Collectively, DOX-induced bone loss is at least partly attributable to autophagy upregulation in OCs via an mROS/TRPML1/TFEB axis.