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  • ||||||||||  Journal:  Biphasic effects of autophagy on decompression bubble-induced endothelial injury. (Pubmed Central) -  Oct 25, 2020   
    Bubble pre-conditioning for 1 minutes resulted in increased cell viability and decreased apoptosis rate compared with no pre-conditioning, and 30-minutes pre-conditioning induced opposing changes, all of which were inhibited by 3-MA. In conclusion, autophagy was involved and played a biphasic role in bubble-induced endothelial injury.
  • ||||||||||  sirolimus / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Astragaloside IV Attenuates Lipopolysaccharides-Induced Pulmonary Epithelial Cell Injury through Inhibiting Autophagy. (Pubmed Central) -  Oct 25, 2020   
    In conclusion, autophagy was involved and played a biphasic role in bubble-induced endothelial injury. Astragaloside IV might suppress autophagy initiation directly or indirectly through suppressing the oxidative stress and inflammatory response, which further enhances the cell viability and tight junction and reduces apoptosis in LPS-stimulated pulmonary endothelial ARDS cell model, thus exerting its therapeutic function in ARDS.
  • ||||||||||  chloroquine phosphate / Generic mfg.
    [VIRTUAL] AUTOPHAGY MEDIATED LIPID CATABOLISM FACILITATES GLIOMA PROGRESSION TO OVERCOME BIOENERGETIC CRISIS () -  Oct 24, 2020 - Abstract #SNO2020SNO_458;    
    This study established a novel autophagy/lipid degradation/FAO/ATP pathway that maintains high mTORC1 signaling and tumor progression in brain cancer cells under energy stresses. The requirement of lipophagy in brain cancers may provide an opportunity to develop new molecular therapeutic targets to counteract mTORC1 for tumor progression.
  • ||||||||||  Journal:  Progress on loss-of-function hypothesis of presenilin-1 mutations in Alzheimer diseases (Pubmed Central) -  Oct 23, 2020   
    First, PS1 loss-of-function mutations increase the production of long-length Aβ by disturbing the cleavage sites of γ-secretase APP, thereby increasing the ratio of Aβ/Aβ; Second, PS1 loss-of-function mutations dysregulate endoplasmic reticulum calcium homeostasis in neurons; Third, PS1 loss-of-function mutations inhibit the autophagy activity of neurons, resulting in the abnormal accumulation of cleaved products from APP; Fourth, PS1 loss-of-function mutations alter the endocytosis and transcytosis processes in neurons, leading to neuratrophy; Fifth, PS1 loss-of-function mutations activate brain immune cells (astrocytes and microglia), which mount a strong neuroinflammation response; Last, PS1 loss-of-function mutations reduce the rates of glycolysis and the production of lactic acid, disrupting the balance of neuronal energy supply. In this article we summary the research progress on the PS1 loss-of-function hypothesis and pose several topics which would guide studies of this field in future.
  • ||||||||||  cytarabine / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  MicroRNA-143 sensitizes acute myeloid leukemia cells to cytarabine via targeting ATG7- and ATG2B-dependent autophagy. (Pubmed Central) -  Oct 23, 2020   
    More importantly, autophagy reconstructed via co-expression of ATG7 and ATG2B substantially attenuates miR-143-enhanced cytotoxicity, which is associated with suppression of caspase-dependent apoptotic pathway. Overall, this study demonstrates that targeting ATG7 and ATG2B-dependent autophagy is a critical mechanism by which miR-143 sensitizes AML to cytarabine, implicating it as a potential therapeutic target in AML treatment.
  • ||||||||||  MG132 / Jilin University, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute
    Journal:  Cannabinoid receptor 2 promotes the intracellular degradation of HMGB1 via the autophagy-lysosome pathway in macrophage. (Pubmed Central) -  Oct 22, 2020   
    Then we observed that autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) but not proteasome inhibitor MG-132 (MG) could block GW-induced HMGB1 degradation, which indicated that the autophagy-lysosome but not the ubiquitination pathway was involved in this process...GW could up-regulate expression of Cathepsin B (CTSB), and inhibition of CTSB blocked GW-induced HMGB1 degradation. In summary, all the data showed that activation of CB2R could promote the intracellular degradation of HMGB1 via the autophagy-lysosome pathway in macrophage.
  • ||||||||||  Review, Journal:  Molecular mechanisms of interplay between autophagy and metabolism in cancer. (Pubmed Central) -  Oct 21, 2020   
    Multiple metabolic pathways are linked with autophagy that could potentially be a significant target for chemotherapeutic strategy. The comprehension of the interconnection of autophagy with cancer metabolism can pave a novel findings for effective combinatorial therapeutic strategies.
  • ||||||||||  sirolimus / Generic mfg.
    [VIRTUAL] Endothelial Cu Transporter Atp7a Promotes Vegfr2 Signaling and Post-ischemic Neovascularization via Regulating Autophagy (OnDemand) -  Oct 20, 2020 - Abstract #AHA2020AHA_5309;    
    Furthermore, overexpression of p62, but not p62 lacking ubiquitin binding domain, or autophagy inducer rapamycin treatment increased VEGFR2 degradation (26% and 87%, respectively) and p62 overexpression inhibited ECs migration (29%). Our study uncovers the unexpected and novel function of ATP7A to limit autophagic degradation of VEGFR2, thereby promoting VEGFR2 signaling and angiogenesis, which restores neovascularization in ischemic disease.
  • ||||||||||  chloroquine phosphate / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Exogenous platelet-derived growth factor improves neurovascular unit recovery after spinal cord injury. (Pubmed Central) -  Oct 20, 2020   
    Additionally, the protective effects of platelet-derived growth factor could be reversed by intraperitoneal injection of 80 mg/kg chloroquine, an autophagy inhibitor, for 3 successive days prior to spinal cord injury...Approval for animal experiments was obtained from the Animal Ethics Committee, Wenzhou Medical University, China (approval No. wydw2018-0043) in July 2018.
  • ||||||||||  fluorouracil topical / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Repurposing Ziyuglycoside II Against Colorectal Cancer via Orchestrating Apoptosis and Autophagy. (Pubmed Central) -  Oct 20, 2020   
    Especially, Ziyu II improves the sensitivity of 5-fluorouracil which is the first-line chemotherapy drug in colorectal cancer cells. This research provides novel insight into the molecular mechanism of Ziyu II's anti-proliferation, including apoptosis and autophagy, and lays a foundation for the potential application of Ziyu II in clinical CRC treatment.
  • ||||||||||  GSK2606414 / GSK, Institute of Cancer Research, Dartmouth College, Ocuvia (elamipretide) / Stealth BioTherapeutics
    Journal:  Chlorin A-mediated photodynamic therapy induced apoptosis in human cholangiocarcinoma cells via impaired autophagy flux. (Pubmed Central) -  Oct 15, 2020   
    Collectively, our results suggest that SQ exerts renoprotective effects on renal I/R injury via reducing apoptosis and enhancing autophagy, which are associated with regulating ERK/mTOR pathways. Chlorin A-PDT induced apoptosis in CCA cells by initiating autophagy and impaired the autophagy flux via ROS-mediated ERS and lysosomal damage.
  • ||||||||||  atorvastatin / Generic mfg.
    Journal, PARP Biomarker:  Atorvastatin suppresses the progression of cervical cancer via regulation of autophagy. (Pubmed Central) -  Oct 15, 2020   
    Moreover, pharmacologic inhibition of autophagy using either Baf-A1 or 3-MA significantly enhanced ATO-mediated apoptosis on cervical cancer cells. In conclusion, combination of ATO with autophagy inhibitors could emerge as a new therapeutic strategy for cervical cancer treatment.
  • ||||||||||  chloroquine phosphate / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  HIPK2 Is Required for Midbody Remnant Removal Through Autophagy-Mediated Degradation. (Pubmed Central) -  Oct 15, 2020   
    In particular, we detected comparable accumulation of MBRs after HIPK2 depletion or treatment with the autophagic inhibitor chloroquine...We found that HIPK2 depletion leads to (i) increased levels of CEP55, a key effector of both midbody formation and MBR degradation; (ii) decreased levels of the selective autophagy receptors NBR1 and p62/SQSTM1; and (iii) impaired autophagic flux. These data suggest that HIPK2 contributes to MBR processing by regulating its autophagy-mediated degradation.
  • ||||||||||  Legalon (silibinin) / Mylan
    Journal:  Estrogen receptors participate in silibinin-caused nuclear translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells. (Pubmed Central) -  Oct 10, 2020   
    Autophagy, negatively regulated by ERα, positively controls AIF-mediated apoptosis, as evidenced by the preventive effect of autophagy inhibitor 3-MA and siRNA targeting LC3, on the nuclear translocation of AIF and cell death induced by silibinin co-treatment with or without MPP. In sum we conclude that AIF in nuclei is involved in silibinin-induced apoptosis, and the nuclear translocation of AIF is increased by down-regulated ERα pathway and/or up-regulated ERβ pathway in MCF-7 cells, accompanying up-regulation of autophagy.
  • ||||||||||  sirolimus / Generic mfg.
    Preclinical, Journal:  Lead exposure induces cell autophagy via blocking the Akt/mTOR signaling in rat astrocytes. (Pubmed Central) -  Oct 10, 2020   
    Furthermore, it was shown that treatment of lead acetate increased the release of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and the accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) in astrocytes, which could be alleviated by further 3-MA induction. Therefore, we conclude that lead exposure can induce the autophagy of astrocytes via blocking the Akt/mTOR pathway, leading to accelerated release of inflammatory factors and oxidative stress indicators in astrocytes.
  • ||||||||||  Journal:  Baicalin regulates Treg/Th17 cell imbalance by inhibiting autophagy in allergic rhinitis. (Pubmed Central) -  Oct 9, 2020   
    Our overall results authentically conclude that fucoxanthin induces autophagy and apoptosis in NPC cell line, and it can be ideal agent to treat nasopharyngeal cancer in future with further investigations. Our study revealed that Baicalin can be used to treat AR, and the effect is realized through inhibiting autophagy to regulate Th17/Treg cell differentiation.
  • ||||||||||  sirolimus / Generic mfg.
    Journal, IO Biomarker:  Autophagy promotes malignant migration and invasion via miR-224-5p/BCL2 in pancreatic mucinous cystadenocarcinoma MCC1 cells. (Pubmed Central) -  Oct 9, 2020   
    Treatment with rapamycin further demonstrated that high levels of autophagy elevated miR-224-5p expression in MCC1 cells in a time-dependent manner...In addition, the present study identified a positive feedback loop between autophagy signaling and miR-224-5p, which may promote the aggressive migration and invasion of MCC1. These results may provide a new insight into the relationship between autophagy and tumor metastasis in pancreatic MCC.
  • ||||||||||  Journal:  Inhibition of Autophagy Amplifies Baicalein-Induced Apoptosis in Human Colorectal Cancer. (Pubmed Central) -  Oct 8, 2020   
    Human colon cancer cell lines (HT-29, HCT-116, SW480, and SW620) were treated with baicalein alone and in combination with the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine (CQ)...These findings demonstrate that inhibition of autophagy enhanced apoptotic cell death induced by baicalein treatment in colon cancer cell lines. Future work will assess other targetable apoptotic pathways activated by baicalein and autophagy inhibition.
  • ||||||||||  hydroxychloroquine / Generic mfg.
    [VIRTUAL] Early Hydroxychloroquine Use May Reduce Risk for SSc-Associated Pulmonary Hypertension () -  Oct 8, 2020 - Abstract #ACRARHP2020ACR_ARHP_1549;    
    Although limited SSc and these antibodies are linked to higher rates of PH, our findings suggest that when HCQ is initiated early in disease (< 18 months) there is a reduced rate of progression to PH. This is in keeping with the plausible biologic actions of HCQ on preventing PH.