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- | Journal: DIPK2A Promotes STX17- and VAMP7-mediated Autophagosome-lysosome Fusion by Binding to VAMP7B. (Pubmed Central) - Jun 8, 2021
Furthermore, DIPK2A participates in autophagic degradation of mitochondria proteins and alleviates apoptosis. Thus, we reveal a new aspect of autophagosome-lysosome fusion in which different isoforms of VAMP7 compete with STX17 and their regulation by DIPK2A.
- | MG132 / Jilin University, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute
Journal: Autophagy Promotes Citrullination of VIM (vimentin) and Its Interaction with Major Histocompatibility Complex class II in Synovial Fibroblasts. (Pubmed Central) - Jun 8, 2021
SFs were incubated in serum-free medium or treated with proteasome inhibitor MG132 to induce autophagy...Furthermore, PLA revealed the significant increase of MHC class II-cVIM interaction following induction of autophagy. Our findings suggest that SFs may contribute to the autoimmunity in RA through citrullination of VIM and its interaction with MHC class II promoted by autophagy.
- | Preclinical, Journal: Radiosensitization of Clioquinol Combined with Zinc in the Nasopharyngeal Cancer Stem-like Cells by Inhibiting Autophagy in Vitro and in Vivo. (Pubmed Central) - Jun 8, 2021
The in vivo experiments have further consolidated our findings. Our results suggest that CSCs and enhanced autophagy activity may be involved in the inside-field recurrence of NPC, and CQ combined with zinc could be an important therapeutic approach for recurrent NPC.
- | Journal: Autophagy prevents runaway meiotic divisions. (Pubmed Central) - Jun 8, 2021
We found that the translational repressor Rim4 is a substrate of autophagy, which could explain these observations through its known role in repressing synthesis of Clb3 and the meiosis-specific co-activator of the APC/C, Ama1. Combined, these results provide new mechanistic insight into the control of meiotic exit through timed autophagic degradation of a master regulator of gene expression.
- | Preclinical, Journal: Resveratrol improves lipid metabolism in diabetic nephropathy rats. (Pubmed Central) - Jun 8, 2021
RES treatment increased p-AMPK alpha/AMPK alpha and p-ULK1 S777/ULK1 and the autophagy related proteins (Beclin1, LC3 II/I) and its effects on TC and improvement in insulin resistence were quenched by the inhibitor of autophagy, 3-MA. Together, these results suggest that the effect of RES in treatment of DN may involve AMPK alpha/mTOR-mediated autophagy.
- | Journal: Autophagy inhibition impairs the invasion potential of medulloblastoma cells. (Pubmed Central) - Jun 8, 2021
The present study suggests a therapeutic potential for autophagy inhibitors in the treatment of medulloblastoma. Autophagy inhibitors could be effective in reducing the dose of craniospinal radiation, thereby leading to a significant reduction in the treatment-related side effects.
- | Journal: Ferulic acid delayed amyloid β-induced pathological symptoms by autophagy pathway via a fasting-like effect in Caenorhabditis elegans. (Pubmed Central) - Jun 8, 2021
Additionally, FA ameliorated poly Q aggregations in Huntington's disease worm. Thus, FA could not only affect AD, broadly but also neurodegenerative diseases characterized by misfolded or aggregated proteins.
- || Mekinist (trametinib) / Novartis
Clinical, Journal: Trametinib and Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) Combination Treatment in KRAS-Mutated Advanced Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma: Detailed Description of Two Cases. (Pubmed Central) - Jun 8, 2021
Thus, FA could not only affect AD, broadly but also neurodegenerative diseases characterized by misfolded or aggregated proteins. Our real-life data regarding KRAS-mutated PDAC patients who received treatment with the MEK inhibitor trametinib combined with hydroxychloroquine after experiencing disease progression are consistent with the preclinical data, pointing to the clinical benefits of this regimen.
- | tamoxifen / Generic mfg.
Journal: The apple dihydrochalcone phloretin suppresses growth and improves chemosensitivity of breast cancer cells via inhibition of cytoprotective autophagy. (Pubmed Central) - Jun 8, 2021
Furthermore, it was able to restore or enhance the chemosensitivity of a tamoxifen-resistant cell line. Taken together, our study has, for the first time, revealed that phloretin could effectively suppress glucose-starvation- and chemotherapeutic-induced cytoprotective autophagy in breast cancer cell lines likely through downregulation of mTOR/ULK1 signaling.
- | chloroquine phosphate / Generic mfg.
Preclinical, Journal: Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside represses tumor growth and invasion in vivo by suppressing autophagy via inhibition of the JNK signaling pathways. (Pubmed Central) - Jun 8, 2021
Interestingly, the efficacy of chloroquine (CQ, an autophagy inhibitor used as an antitumor agent) combined with C3G is much better than either C3G or CQ treatment alone. C3G may be combined with CQ to treat cancers and to provide a theoretical basis for functional food or natural medicine development.
- | docetaxel / Generic mfg.
Journal: Tau oligomers accumulation sensitizes prostate cancer cells to docetaxel treatment. (Pubmed Central) - Jun 8, 2021
Our data indicate that autophagy could exert a promoting role in cancer growth and during chemotherapy facilitating degradation of tau protein and thus blocking the antimitotic effect of accumulated tau oligomers. Thus, therapeutic strategies aimed at stimulating tau oligomers formation, such as autophagy inhibition, could be an effective adjuvant in cancer therapy.
- | dexmedetomidine / Generic mfg.
Journal: Dexmedetomidine Protects Human Cardiomyocytes Against Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Through α2-Adrenergic Receptor/AMPK-Dependent Autophagy. (Pubmed Central) - Jun 8, 2021
Dex protects young human CMs from I/R injury, and α2-adrenergic receptor/AMPK-dependent autophagy plays an important role during this process. Dex may have a therapeutic effect for children with CHD who undergo long-term cardiac surgical processes.
- | Journal, PARP Biomarker: Glucocappasalin Induces G2/M-Phase Arrest, Apoptosis, and Autophagy Pathways by Targeting CDK1 and PLK1 in Cervical Carcinoma Cells. (Pubmed Central) - Jun 8, 2021
Taken together, we demonstrate that GCP induces cell cycle G2/M-phase arrest, apoptosis, and autophagy by acting on the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways in cervical carcinoma cells. Thus, GCP may represent a promising agent in the eradication of cervical cancer.
- | sirolimus / Generic mfg.
Journal: Qiyusanlong Formula Induces Autophagy in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Cells and Xenografts through the mTOR Signaling Pathway. (Pubmed Central) - Jun 8, 2021
QYSL serum inhibited p-mTOR in a similar manner to rapamycin while reducing the activating effects of MHY1485 on p-mTOR. The QYSL formula has anti-lung cancer effects and promotes autophagy through the mTOR signaling pathway.
- | chloroquine phosphate / Generic mfg.
Journal: GOLPH3 promotes glioma progression by enhancing PHB2-mediated autophagy. (Pubmed Central) - Jun 8, 2021
Inhibiting autophagy by using chloroquine suppressed the stimulating effect of GOLPH3 on glioma malignant development both in vitro and in vivo...Together, our results revealed that GOLPH3 promotes glioma progression by enhancing PHB2-mediated autophagy and inhibiting autophagy may benefit glioma patients with GOLPH3 high level. The novel GOLPH3-PHB2-autophagy axis maybe a potential and prospective therapeutic target for gliomas.
- | chloroquine phosphate / Generic mfg.
Journal: Inhibiting autophagy enhances sulforaphane-induced apoptosis via targeting NRF2 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. (Pubmed Central) - Jun 8, 2021
We, therefore, investigated effects of autophagy inhibition on sensitivity of ESCC cells to SFN and found that chloroquine (CQ) could neutralize the activation of SFN on NRF2 and enhance the activation of SFN on caspase pathway, thus improved the anti-tumor efficiency of SFN on ESCC in vitro and in vivo. Our study provides a preclinical rationale for development of SFN and its analogs to the future treatment of ESCC.
- || Review, Journal: Circular RNAs act as regulators of autophagy in cancer. (Pubmed Central) - Jun 8, 2021
These autophagy-related circRNAs contribute to cancer development and progression in various types of human cancer by activating or inhibiting autophagy. Cumulative research on the relationship between circRNAs and autophagy regulation provides critical insight into the essential role that circRNAs play in carcinogenesis and suggests new targets for tumor therapy.
- | Journal: Circ-SPECC1 modulates TGFβ2 and autophagy under oxidative stress by sponging miR-33a to promote hepatocellular carcinoma tumorigenesis. (Pubmed Central) - Jun 5, 2021
In conclusion, our study demonstrated that circ-SPECC1 regulated TGFβ2 and autophagy to promote HCC tumorigenesis under oxidative stress via miR-33a. These findings might provide potential treatment strategies for patients with HCC.
- | Journal: Ferulic acid protects cardiomyocytes from TNF-α/cycloheximide-induced apoptosis by regulating autophagy. (Pubmed Central) - Jun 5, 2021
In an in vivo mouse MI model, FA treatment decreased the apoptotic cell number, reduced infarct size, and improved cardiac performance, as determined by histological and echocardiographic assessments. Taken collectively, these results suggest that FA could protect cardiomyocytes from apoptosis by enhancing autophagy.
- | Journal, IO biomarker: Baicalin Protects Human OA Chondrocytes Against IL-1β-Induced Apoptosis and ECM Degradation by Activating Autophagy via MiR-766-3p/AIFM1 Axis. (Pubmed Central) - Jun 5, 2021
Contrarily, silencing of miR-766-3p inhibited chondrocyte autophagy and promoted apoptosis, and this effect could be reversed by AIFM1 silence. Baicalin protects human OA chondrocytes against IL-1β-induced apoptosis and the degradation of ECM through activating autophagy via miR-766-3p/AIFM1 axis and serves as a potential therapeutic candidate for OA treatment.
- | chloroquine phosphate / Generic mfg.
Journal: Citrus peel flavonoid nobiletin alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation by activating IL-6/STAT3/FOXO3a-mediated autophagy. (Pubmed Central) - Jun 5, 2021
Mechanistically, we found that nobiletin treatment leads to activation of the IL-6/STAT3/FOXO3a signal pathway through the down-regulation of IL-6 and STAT3 phosphorylation and the upregulation of FOXO3a phosphorylation in the cell nucleus, which is responsible for induction of macrophage autophagy. Taken together, our study provides evidence that nobiletin suppresses inflammatory response through enhancing autophagy through activating the IL-6/STAT3/FOXO3a pathway in macrophage cells.
- | Journal, PARP Biomarker, IO biomarker: A macrolide from Streptomyces sp. modulates apoptosis and autophagy through Mcl-1 downregulation in human breast cancer cells. (Pubmed Central) - Jun 5, 2021
Exposure to the autophagy inhibitor did not synergize JBIR-100-induced apoptosis. In summary, our results suggested that JBIR-100 may be potentially used for breast cancer therapy.
- | Journal: Virucidal activity of Moringa A from Moringa oleifera seeds against Influenza A Viruses by regulating TFEB. (Pubmed Central) - Jun 5, 2021
Finally, Moringa A was found to inhibit the expression and nuclear transfer of the cellular protein transcription factor EB (TFEB) and weaken the autophagy in infected cells, which could be an important antiviral mechanism. Our study demonstrates Moringa A has potent antiviral activity against IVAs, which could be due to the autophagy inhibition property.
- | Journal: Co-Transmission of Alpha-Synuclein and TPPP/p25 Inhibits Their Proteolytic Degradation in Human Cell Models. (Pubmed Central) - Jun 5, 2021
In this work, we show that the proteolytic degradation of SYN on its own is more effective than when it is complexed with TPPP/p25. The combined strategy of TPPP/p25 fragments and proteolysis may ensure prevention and/or elimination of pathological SYN assemblies.
- | Lynparza (olaparib) / Merck (MSD), AstraZeneca
Journal: PARP1 Impedes SIRT1-Mediated Autophagy during Degeneration of the Retinal Pigment Epithelium under Oxidative Stress. (Pubmed Central) - Jun 4, 2021
Histological analyses revealed that olaparib treatment protected mouse retinas against sodium iodate (SI) insult, but not in retinas cotreated with SI and wortmannin, an autophagy inhibitor. Collectively, our data demonstrate that PARP1-dependent inhibition of SIRT1 activity impedes autophagic survival of RPE cells, leading to retinal degeneration during dry AMD pathogenesis.
- | doxorubicin hydrochloride / Generic mfg.
Journal: TLR9 deficiency alleviates doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity via the regulation of autophagy. (Pubmed Central) - Jun 4, 2021
Our study suggests that the deletion of TLR9 exhibits a protective effect on doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity by enhancing p38-dependent autophagy. This finding could be used as a basis for the development of a prospective therapy against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity.
- | chloroquine phosphate / Generic mfg.
Journal: The Inhibition of B7H3 by 2-HG Accumulation Is Associated With Downregulation of VEGFA in IDH Mutated Gliomas. (Pubmed Central) - Jun 4, 2021
Inhibition of autophagy by inhibitors like leupeptin, chloroquine (CQ), and Bafilomycin A1 (Baf-A1) blocks the degradation of B7H3 in glioma cells...B7H3 and VEGFA are decreased in IDH-mutated gliomas and further reduced in 2-HG gliomas compared to 2-HG glioma sections by IHC staining. Our study demonstrates that B7H3 is preferentially overexpressed in IDH wild-type gliomas and could serve as a potential theranostic target for the precise treatment of glioma patients with wild-type IDH.
- | sirolimus / Generic mfg.
Journal: Mitomycin C Inhibits Esophageal Fibrosis by Regulating Cell Apoptosis and Autophagy via lncRNA-ATB and miR-200b. (Pubmed Central) - Jun 4, 2021
Human esophageal fibroblast cells (HEFs)were treated without or with MMC, at 2, 5, 10 μg/ml, combining with mimic lncRNA-ATB, miR-200b inhibitor, rapamycin (RAPA), and 3-Methyladenine (3-MA)...On the other hand, RAPA, mimic lncRNA-ATB and miR-200b inhibitor reduced fibrogenic effect of MMC on HEFs. Collectively, this study suggests that MMC inhibited esophageal fibrosis by regulating cell apoptosis and autophagy via downregulating lncRNA-ATB and upregulating miR-200b.
- | Journal: Anticancer Perspectives of the Fungal-Derived Polyphenolic Hispolon. (Pubmed Central) - Jun 3, 2021
Collectively, this study suggests that MMC inhibited esophageal fibrosis by regulating cell apoptosis and autophagy via downregulating lncRNA-ATB and upregulating miR-200b. Data obtained from this review suggest that hispolon and some of its derivatives can be promising anticancer agents, and may become plant-based cancer chemotherapeutic leads for the development of potent anticancer drugs, alone or in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents.
- | Journal: Forced expression of miR-143 and -145 in cardiomyocytes induces cardiomyopathy with a reductive redox shift. (Pubmed Central) - Jun 3, 2021
Overexpression of miR-143 and miR-145 leads to a unique dilated cardiomyopathy phenotype with a reductive redox shift despite marked downregulation of HK2 expression. Reductive stress may be involved in a wider range of cardiomyopathies than previously thought.
- | Preclinical, Journal, IO biomarker: Kukoamine A Protects against NMDA-Induced Neurotoxicity Accompanied with Down-Regulation of GluN2B-Containing NMDA Receptors and Phosphorylation of PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β Signaling Pathway in Cultured Primary Cortical Neurons. (Pubmed Central) - Jun 3, 2021
Additionally, pretreatment with KuA reversed NMDA-induced dephosphorylation of Akt and GSK-3β and the protective effect of KuA on NMDA-induced cytotoxicity was abolished by wortmannin, a PI3K inhibitor. Taken together, these results indicated that KuA exerted neuroprotective effects against NMDA-induced neurotoxicity in cultural primary cortical neurons and caused the down-regulation of GluN2B-containing NMDARs as well as the phosphorylation of proteins belonging to the PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β signaling pathway.
- | Preclinical, Journal: Gold Nanoparticles Prepared with Phyllanthus emblica Fruit Extract and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis Can Induce Apoptosis via Mitochondrial Impairment with Inhibition of Autophagy in the Human Gastric Carcinoma Cell Line AGS. (Pubmed Central) - Jun 3, 2021
(4) This study is the first to demonstrate the anticancer activity of PEFE-AuNPs against AGS cells. Our results provide a good starting point for the development of new anticancer products based on gold nanoparticles of P. emblica fruit extract.
- | Journal: 17-AAG-Induced Activation of the Autophagic Pathway in Leishmania Is Associated with Parasite Death. (Pubmed Central) - Jun 3, 2021
In addition, Hsp90 inhibition resulted in greater accumulation of ubiquitylated proteins in both WT- and Δatg5-treated parasites compared to controls, in the absence of proteasome overload. In conjunction with previously described ultrastructural alterations, herein we present evidence that treatment with 17-AAG causes abnormal activation of the autophagic pathway, resulting in the formation of immature autophagosomes and, consequently, incidental parasite death.
- | MG132 / Jilin University, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute
Journal: Ionizing Radiation Induces Resistant Glioblastoma Stem-Like Cells by Promoting Autophagy via the Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway. (Pubmed Central) - Jun 3, 2021
Furthermore, Wnt/β-catenin proved to be a potential pathway and related to P62 by using proteasome inhibitor (MG132)...In conclusion, we demonstrated that fractionated IR could induce GSCs with the stemness phenotype by P62-mediated autophagy through the Wnt/β-catenin for radioresistance. This study offers a new therapeutic strategy for targeting GBM in the future.
- | Journal, IO biomarker: Nicotine Increases Macrophage Survival through α7nAChR/NF-κB Pathway in Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis Infection. (Pubmed Central) - Jun 3, 2021
We also discovered that cathelicidin production was significantly suppressed in MAP-infected macrophages, treatment with nicotine showed no effect. Overall, the study provides new insight toward understanding the cellular role of nicotine through α7nAChR/NF-ĸB p100/p52 signaling pathway in inducing anti-apoptosis and macrophage survival during MAP infection in Crohn's disease smokers.
- | Preclinical, Journal, Epigenetic controller: Silencing of Histone Deacetylase 6 Decreases Cellular Malignancy and Contributes to Primary Cilium Restoration, Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition Reversion, and Autophagy Inhibition in Glioblastoma Cell Lines. (Pubmed Central) - Jun 3, 2021
They also reversed the mesenchymal phenotype, decreased autophagy, inhibited Shh pathway, and recovered the expression of primary cilia in glioblastoma cell lines. These results demonstrate that HDAC6 might be a good target for glioblastoma treatment.
- | Jakafi oral (ruxolitinib) / Novartis, Incyte
Journal, IO biomarker: Autophagy inhibition potentiates ruxolitinib-induced apoptosis in JAK2 cells. (Pubmed Central) - Jun 2, 2021
This may lead to inhibition of apoptosis. Our results suggest that the combination of ruxolitinib with pharmacological inhibitors of autophagy, such as chloroquine, may be a promising strategy to treat patients with JAK2-mutated MPNs.
- | Journal: Zearalenone Blocks Autophagy Flow and Induces Cell Apoptosis during Embryo Implantation in Gilts. (Pubmed Central) - Jun 2, 2021
In conclusion, ZEA exposure during embryo implantation results in endometrium inflammation by activating autophagy while blocking autophagy flow at the same time, leading to the significant accumulation of autophagosomes. The above mentioned effects of ZEA induce the apoptosis of primary endometrial cells (PE cells) through the caspase3 pathway, which would break the uterus environment balance and finally lead to embryo implantation failure and dysontogenesis in gilts.
- | Journal: Flavonoid-rich extracts from okra flowers exert antitumor activity in colorectal cancer through induction of mitochondrial dysfunction-associated apoptosis, senescence and autophagy. (Pubmed Central) - Jun 2, 2021
Of note, administration of AFE as a preventive agent achieves a more effective antitumor effect than the therapeutic agent in a xenograft mouse model. Our results reveal, for the first time, that AFE is a safe, natural antioxidant with significant antitumor efficacy, which has great potential in the application for CRC prevention and treatment.
- | sirolimus / Generic mfg.
Preclinical, Journal: Rapamycin and 3-Methyladenine Influence the Apoptosis, Senescence, and Adipogenesis of Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells by Promoting and Inhibiting Autophagy: An In Vitro and In Vivo Study. (Pubmed Central) - Jun 2, 2021
These effects were inhibited by 3-methyladenine, indicating that the changes may be mediated by autophagy. Moreover, the survival rate and angiogenesis of the grafts were increased after upregulation of ADSC autophagy in vivo, which may help improve the efficiency of clinical fat transplantation.
- | Journal: P300/HDAC1 regulates the acetylation/deacetylation and autophagic activities of LC3/Atg8-PE ubiquitin-like system. (Pubmed Central) - Jun 2, 2021
Oppositely, BmHDAC1-mediated deacetylation leads to the nucleo-cytoplasmic translocation of the components of BmAtg8-PE ubiquitin-like system and promotes autophagy. This process is evolutionarily conserved between insects and mammals.
- | Preclinical, Journal: Gomisin N Exerts Anti-liver Cancer Effects and Regulates PI3K-Akt and mTOR-ULK1 Pathways in Vitro. (Pubmed Central) - Jun 1, 2021
Indeed, we observed that GN inhibits autophagy in liver cancer cells. In summary, we for the first time demonstrated that GN inhibits the PI3K-Akt pathway and regulates the mTOR-ULK1 pathway in liver cancer cells.
- | Journal: The FUS gene is dual-coding with both proteins contributing to FUS-mediated toxicity. (Pubmed Central) - Jun 1, 2021
Yet, we show they exert a deleterious effect causing missense mutations in the overlapping altFUS protein. These findings demonstrate that FUS is a bicistronic gene and suggests that both proteins, FUS and altFUS, cooperate in toxic mechanisms.
- | sirolimus / Generic mfg.
Journal: The role of G protein-coupled receptor kinase 4 in cardiomyocyte injury after myocardial infarction. (Pubmed Central) - Jun 1, 2021
GRK4 increases cardiomyocyte injury during MI by inhibiting autophagy and promoting cardiomyocyte apoptosis. These effects are mediated by the phosphorylation of HDAC4 and a decrease in beclin-1 expression.
- | Journal: Pseudomonas aeruginosa survives in epithelia by ExoS-mediated inhibition of autophagy and mTOR. (Pubmed Central) - Jun 1, 2021
The inhibitory effect of ExoS on autophagy and mTOR depends on the activity of its ADP-ribosyltransferase domain. Inhibition of mTOR is caused by ExoS-mediated ADP ribosylation of RAS, whereas autophagy inhibition is due to the suppression of autophagic Vps34 kinase activity.
- | Journal: Endoplasmic reticulum stress manipulates autophagic response that antagonizes polybrominated diphenyl ethers quinone induced cytotoxicity in microglial BV2 cells. (Pubmed Central) - Jun 1, 2021
Moreover, N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) alleviated PBDEQ-induced activation of ER stress and autophagy, suggesting reactive oxygen species (ROS) were involved in regulating PBDEQ-induced ER stress and autophagy. Taken together, our results demonstrate a new mechanism of PBDEQ-associated toxicity.
- | chloroquine phosphate / Generic mfg., cytarabine / Generic mfg.
Journal: Inhibiting autophagy targets human leukemic stem cells and hypoxic AML blasts by disrupting mitochondrial homeostasis. (Pubmed Central) - Jun 1, 2021
The combination of Ara-C with Baf A1 also decreased tumor burden in vivo. These findings demonstrate that autophagy is critical for mitochondrial homeostasis and survival of AML cells in hypoxia and support the development of autophagy inhibitors as novel therapeutic agents for AML.
- | Ameile (almonertinib) / Jiangsu Hansoh Pharma, EQRx
Journal: Restricting Glutamine Uptake Enhances NSCLC Sensitivity to Third-Generation EGFR-TKI Almonertinib. (Pubmed Central) - Jun 1, 2021
V9302 enhanced the effect of Almonertinib in apoptosis-inducing in NSCLC cells. The combination of V9302 and Almonertinib might induce apoptosis by inhibiting autophagy.
- | Journal: Autophagy Controls Nrf2-Mediated Dichotomy in Pressure Overloaded Hearts. (Pubmed Central) - Jun 1, 2021
Mechanistic investigation revealed that autophagy is required for the activation of ERK, which suppresses Nrf2-driven expression of angiotensinogen in cardiomyocytes. Taken together, these results provide direct evidence consolidating the notion that normal autophagy enables Nrf2-operated adaptation while switching off Nrf2-mediated maladaptive responses in PO hearts partly through suppressing Nrf2-driven angiotensinogen expression in cardiomyocytes.
- || hydroxychloroquine / Generic mfg.
Review, Journal: Therapeutic Potential of Exploiting Autophagy Cascade Against Coronavirus Infection. (Pubmed Central) - Jun 1, 2021
Given the intricate connection between autophagy machinery and viral pathogenesis, the question arises whether targeting autophagy pathway might show a path to fight against SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this review we will discuss about our current knowledge linking autophagy to coronaviruses and how that is being utilized to repurpose autophagy modulators as potential COVID-19 treatment.