- |||||||||| Journal: Effort-Reward Imbalance at Work and Prescription Drug Misuse-Prospective Evidence from Germany. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 17, 2022
Moreover, at low levels of overcommitment, more effort and an effort-reward imbalance discouraged future prescription drug misuse, while higher overcommitment, more effort, and an imbalance increased it. These findings suggest that a stressful work environment is a risk factor for health-endangering behavior, and thereby underlines the importance of identifying groups at risk of misusing drugs.
- |||||||||| Journal: Myeloarchitectonic plasticity in elite golf players' brains. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 6, 2022
In addition, this myeloarchitectonic plasticity was positively related to golfing proficiency. Our study has manifested that myeloarchitectonic plasticity could be induced by exercise, and thus, shed light on the potential benefits of exercise on brain health and cognitive enhancement.
- |||||||||| Journal: A Novel Approach to Estimating the Cortical Sources of Sleep Spindles Using Simultaneous EEG/MEG. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 6, 2022
Source space EEG was more sensitive to spindles in medial frontal and lateral prefrontal cortex, while MEG was more sensitive to spindles in somatosensory and motor cortices. By combining EEG and MEG data this method leverages the differential spatial sensitivities of the two modalities to obtain a more comprehensive and spatially specific source estimation of spindles than possible with either modality alone.
- |||||||||| piracetam / Generic mfg.
Journal: Pharmacological characterization of a novel putative nootropic beta-alanine derivative, MB-005, in adult zebrafish. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 2, 2022
MB-005 did not alter zebrafish anxiety-like behavior or monoamine neurochemistry acutely, improved short-term memory in the CPA test, but impaired cognitive performance in both CPA and PMT tests chronically. This study reveals high sensitivity of zebrafish cognitive phenotypes to MB-005, suggesting it as a potential novel cognitive enhancer acutely, but raises concerns over its cognitive (and, possibly, other) side-effects chronically.
- |||||||||| Review, Journal: Neuroprotective Effect of Caffeine in Alzheimer's Disease. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 1, 2022
Furthermore, clinical studies suggest the neuroprotective effect of caffeine might be confounded by gender. There is robust evidence based on in vivo and in vitro studies that caffeine has neuroprotective properties in AD animal models (21 out of 22 studies support this), but further studies are needed to identify the mechanistic pathways mediating these effects.
- |||||||||| Review, Journal: Non-invasive brain stimulation and neuroenhancement. (Pubmed Central) - Jun 24, 2022
Brain stimulation devices marketed for consumer use are distinct from medical devices because they do not make medical claims and are therefore not necessarily subject to the same level of regulation as medical devices (i.e., by government agencies tasked with regulating medical devices). Manufacturers must follow ethical and best practices in marketing tES stimulators, including not misleading users by referencing effects from human trials using devices and protocols not similar to theirs.
- |||||||||| Journal: The role of axonal voltage-gated potassium channels in tDCS. (Pubmed Central) - Jun 23, 2022
We suggest that DCS-induced depolarization inactivates the Kv1 potassium channels thus reducing potassium conductance, which amplifies axonal depolarization, subsequently enhancing the presynaptic component of synaptic transmission. Whereas DCS-induced hyperpolarization induces opposite effects.
- |||||||||| Journal: Social impact and governance of AI and neurotechnologies. (Pubmed Central) - Jun 22, 2022
Another is to learn from democratic mechanisms that evolved in human society to avoid over-consolidation of power. Finally, we emphasize the importance of open discussions not only by experts, but also including a diverse array of lay opinions.
- |||||||||| Journal: Pro Re Nata Prescribing and Administration of Psychotropic Medications in Assisted Living: A 7-State Study. (Pubmed Central) - Jun 9, 2022
The prescribing and administration of PRN psychotropic medications in AL is relatively rare, although more common among residents with dementia. Emerging psychotropic medication policies should be expanded to address mental health care, anxiolytic/hypnotic use for residents living with dementia, PRN prescribing in chart review, and the use of detailed indications for PRN use, especially when medications are administered by unlicensed care staff.
- |||||||||| modafinil / Generic mfg.
Clinical, Journal: A multi-pronged investigation of option generation using depression, PET and modafinil. (Pubmed Central) - Jun 9, 2022
Our results show, for the first time, that option generation is affected in clinical depression and that dopaminergic activity in the putamen of MDD patients may play a key role in the self-generation of options. Modafinil was also found to influence option generation in healthy people by reducing the creativity of options produced.
- |||||||||| Clinical, Journal: Randomized clinical trial of integral cognitive remediation program for major depression. (Pubmed Central) - Jun 9, 2022
These results provide preliminary evidence on the feasibility and potential efficacy of the INCREM program to improve not only cognitive performance but also psychosocial functioning in clinically remitted depressed patients, and such improvement is maintained six months after. It can be speculated that the maintenance is mediated by the cognitive enhancement achieved with INCREM.
- |||||||||| memantine / Generic mfg.
Journal: Association of cognitive enhancers and incident seizure risk in dementia: a population-based study. (Pubmed Central) - Jun 8, 2022
Our findings suggest no immediate increase in seizure risk is associated with cholinesterase inhibitor use, although the risk of seizure in patients with dementia did increase after one year of continued medication intake. Further study is required to obtain confirmatory results on the seizure-related safety of cognitive enhancers in patients with dementia.
- |||||||||| Journal: Preferred music listening is associated with perceptual learning enhancement at the expense of self-focused attention. (Pubmed Central) - Jun 8, 2022
Overall, our results suggest the presence of a specific neural mechanism that, in response to aesthetically pleasing stimuli, and through the modulation of alpha oscillatory activity, redirects neural resources away from the self and toward the environment. This attentional up-weighting of external stimuli might be fruitfully exploited in a wide area of human learning activities, including education, neurorehabilitation and therapy.
- |||||||||| levetiracetam / Generic mfg., escitalopram / Generic mfg.
Preclinical, Journal: Spontaneous alternation and stereotypical behaviour in deer mice: response to escitalopram and levetiracetam. (Pubmed Central) - Jun 4, 2022
While levetiracetam increased the time spent engaging in normal rodent activity by Comp-H, but not Norm-N animals, neither of the interventions affected the expression of Comp-H behaviour or the alternation behaviour of deer mice. In conclusion, this work points to some degree of cognitive involvement in Comp-H expression, which should be explored to further our understanding of compulsive-like stereotypy.
- |||||||||| Journal: Rationally Navigating Subjective Preferences in Memory Modification. (Pubmed Central) - Jun 4, 2022
On the one hand, for those who would limit the use of MMTs to a narrow range of circumstances, the conclusion that MMTs are rarely preferable gives them further reason to eye MMTs with suspicion. On the other hand, for those who view MMTs as permissible in a wide range of circumstances, the conclusion may deflate their endorsement.
- |||||||||| Journal: Cognitive enhancement and authenticity: moving beyond the Impasse. (Pubmed Central) - May 31, 2022
This paper shows that a new and effective way to make progress on whether certain cases of cognitive enhancement problematically undermine authenticity is to make use of considerations from the separate debate on the nature of authentic emotion. Drawing in particular on Wasserman and Liao (2008), the present paper offers new conditions that can help us assess the impact of cognitive enhancements on authenticity.
- |||||||||| Preclinical, Review, Journal: Clinical and Preclinical Studies of Fermented Foods and Their Effects on Alzheimer's Disease. (Pubmed Central) - May 30, 2022
This paper reviews the memory and cognitive enhancement and neuroprotective potential of fermented food products on AD, the recently commercialized fermented food products in the health and food industries, and their limitations. The literature reviewed here demonstrates a growing demand for fermented food products as alternative therapeutic options for the prevention and management of AD.
- |||||||||| Review, Journal: Edible Bird's Nest as a Potential Cognitive Enhancer. (Pubmed Central) - May 25, 2022
Thus, this article aims to address the neuroprotective benefits of EBN and its potential effect as a cognitive enhancer. Notably, the current challenges and the future study direction in EBN have been demonstrated.
- |||||||||| modafinil / Generic mfg.
Journal: Effect of Modafinil on functional connectivity in healthy young people using resting-state fMRI data. (Pubmed Central) - May 24, 2022
Notably, the current challenges and the future study direction in EBN have been demonstrated. After taking Modafinil and placebo, it was observed that FC in most areas in the drug group increased compared to the placebo group, indicating Modafinil has cognitive enhancement properties and has a role in visual, auditory, memory learning, and self-awareness functions and enhances these functions.
- |||||||||| zatolmilast (BPN14770) / Shionogi
Journal: PDE4D inhibitor: a novel weapon against mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease? (Pubmed Central) - May 14, 2022
Further chromatin co-immunoprecipitation assays showed cAMP-dependent CREB directly increased ADAM10 and IDE expression, and inhibited BACE-1 expression through NF-κB, resulting in reduction of Aβ production and increase in Aβ degradation. These findings reveal a causal relationship between PDE4D signaling and the progress of AD and demonstrate the clinical potential of BPN14770 in the treatment of AD.
- |||||||||| amphetamine/dextroamphetamine immediate release tablet / Generic mfg.
Journal: Factors Contributing to Cognitive Enhancement (CEM) and Psychostimulant Medication (PSM) Use Among First Year Medical Students. (Pubmed Central) - May 14, 2022
Non-medical prescription drug use (NMPDU) of cognitive enhancement (CEM) and psychostimulant medications (PSM) (i.e. Adderall) is associated with elevated perceived levels of stress within both the undergraduate college and practicing physician populations...The results, while limited, confirm presence of NMPDU of CEM/PSMs within this population, with potential correlations with levels of perceived academic stress. This work provides initial insights from which future work can build to analyze the relationship between NMPDU and curricular factors which may shed light on additional benefits to curricular redesign or evidence to necessitate proactive measures to prevent the phenomenon of NMPDU within the medical student population.
- |||||||||| Journal: Pharmacological Cognitive Enhancement: Current Situation and Perspectives (Pubmed Central) - May 9, 2022
In an increasingly complex information society, demands for cognitive functioning are growing; however, it is doubtful whether we should welcome the use of PCEs for the support of work productivity or the improvement of our life quality. Societal discussions on PCE might give an opportunity to consider a meaningful life in all aspects.
- |||||||||| Aduhelm (aducanumab) / Eisai, Biogen, lecanemab (BAN2401) / Biogen, BioArctic, Eisai, donanemab (LY3002813) / Eli Lilly
Review, Journal: Alzheimer's disease drug development pipeline: 2022. (Pubmed Central) - May 7, 2022
Advances in drug design, outcome measures, use of biomarkers, and trial conduct promise to accelerate the delivery of new and better treatments for patients with AD. There are 143 drugs in the current Alzheimer's disease (AD) drug development pipeline.Disease-modifying therapies represent 83.2% of the candidate treatments.Current trials require 50,575 participants who will donate 3,878,843 participant-weeks to clinical trials.The biopharmaceutical industry sponsors 50% of all clinical trials including 68% of Phase 3 trials.Sixty-three percent of Phase 3 trials and 46% of Phase 2 trials include non-North American clinical trial site locations indicating the global ecosystem required for AD drug development.
- |||||||||| Review, Journal: Benefits and Harms of 'Smart Drugs' (Nootropics) in Healthy Individuals. (Pubmed Central) - May 6, 2022
Finally, the non-medical use of any potent psychotropic raises serious ethical and legal issues, with nootropics having the potential to become a major public health concern. Further studies investigating CE-associated social, psychological, and biological outcomes are urgently needed to allow firm conclusions to be drawn on the appropriateness of CE use in healthy individuals.
- |||||||||| Journal: Alzheimer's: The ABCDE Paradigm. (Pubmed Central) - May 6, 2022
The much-publicized failures of multiple investigational agents for AD over the past 20 years drive the need to rethink our approach to therapeutics development. Herein we present the ABCDE paradigm as a conceptual tool to facilitate the development of safe, effective therapies for AD cure: (A) accessible; (B) blood-brain barrier permeant; (C) cognitive enhancing; (D) disease-modifying; (E) environmentally nontoxic.
- |||||||||| Journal: Role of Lipoteichoic Acid from the Genus Apilactobacillus in Inducing a Strong IgA Response. (Pubmed Central) - Apr 29, 2022
The first analysis of the LTA structure from the genus Apilactobacillus suggests that it differs from structures of LTAs of related species of lactic acid bacteria. This knowledge is expected to aid in the development of functional foods containing lactic acid bacteria and pharmaceutical applications of immunostimulatory molecules from lactic acid bacteria.
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