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7 Companies | 6 Products |
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6 Products | |
29 Diseases | |
11 Trials |  |
763 News |  |
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- | Journal: Hepatitis B virus X protein promotes liver cell pyroptosis under oxidative stress through NLRP3 inflammasome activation. (Pubmed Central) - Oct 8, 2020
The NLRP3 inflammasome was activated by elevated mitoROS levels and mediated HBx-induced liver inflammation and hepatocellular pyroptosis under HO-stress conditions.
- | Journal: Hydrogen attenuates sepsis-associated encephalopathy by NRF2 mediated NLRP3 pathway inactivation. (Pubmed Central) - Oct 8, 2020
SAE increased NLRP3 and Nrf2 expression in microglia. Hydrogen alleviated inflammation, neuronal apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction via inhibiting Nrf2-mediated NLRP3 pathway.
- Ilaris (canakinumab) / Novartis
[VIRTUAL] Long-Term Efficacy and Safety of Canakinumab in Patients with Autoinflammatory Periodic Fever Syndromes – First Interim Analysis of the FMF-TRAPS-HIDS/MKD Subgroup of the RELIANCE Registry () - Oct 8, 2020 - Abstract #ACRARHP2020ACR_ARHP_2330;
Baseline characteristics of the FMF-TRAPS-HIDS/MKD-subgroup are reported. In addition, first interim data of FMF patients available from the RELIANCE registry show that long-term CAN treatment is well tolerated and effective in FMF patients.
- Ilaris (canakinumab) / Novartis
[VIRTUAL] Long-Term Effectiveness of Canakinumab in Autoinflammatory Diseases – Interim Analysis of the CAPS Subgroup from the RELIANCE Registry (Feed 11) - Oct 8, 2020 - Abstract #ACRARHP2020ACR_ARHP_2129;
In addition, first interim data of FMF patients available from the RELIANCE registry show that long-term CAN treatment is well tolerated and effective in FMF patients. The 18-month interim analysis of the RELIANCE study, the longest running real-life CAN registry, demonstrates that long-term CAN treatment is well tolerated and effective in CAPS patients.
- allopurinol / Generic mfg.
[VIRTUAL] Long-term Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor Treat to Target Urate Lowering Therapy Coordinately Re-wires the Mononuclear Leukocyte Mitochondrial and Inflammatory Proteome in Gout (Feed 8) - Oct 8, 2020 - Abstract #ACRARHP2020ACR_ARHP_1610;
Prior to XOIT2T, gout patients were stratifiable into high and low serum IL8 subgroups. XOIT2T reduced the anti-inflammatory histone H3 modifier SETDB1, a novel potential contributor to early gout flares.
- [VIRTUAL] Systematic Evaluation of Nine Monogenic Autoinflammatory Diseases Reveals Common and Disease-Specific Correlations with Allergy-Associated Features () - Oct 8, 2020 - Abstract #ACRARHP2020ACR_ARHP_675;
Allergy-associated clinical and immunological phenotypes are prevalent in many AID, reinforcing a role for innate immunity in allergy pathogenesis. Further investigations are needed to determine the role of allergy-associated factors in AID pathology
- [VIRTUAL] Single Cell RNA-seq to Characterize Monocyte Subtypes in the Autoinflammatory Interferonopathy, SAVI and the Inflammasomopathy, NOMID () - Oct 8, 2020 - Abstract #ACRARHP2020ACR_ARHP_647;
P=N/A
The distinct expression of IFNB1 transcripts in SAVI only and the chemokine receptor modulation in active (SAVI and NOMID) and inactive (NOMID) disease, suggest disease-specific activation dependent monocyte subset heterogeneity in chronic autoinflammatory diseases. Gene expression profiling is ongoing and may contribute to the characterization of the monocyte diversity in NOMID and SAVI that propagates chronic inflammation and tissue damage.
- amitriptyline / Generic mfg.
[VIRTUAL] Novel Repurposed Drugs Against Joint Inflammation Reveal Potential Use for Gout Treatment: An In Silico, In Vitro and Clinical Study () - Oct 8, 2020 - Abstract #ACRARHP2020ACR_ARHP_642;
Moreover, amitriptyline consumption reduced the dose of colchicine needed for gout treatment. Considering that these drugs are being used in other indications, their repurpose might be a novel tool to manage inflammation across diverse rheumatic diseases.
- | Journal: Inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation by cell-permeable stapled peptides. (Pubmed Central) - Oct 7, 2020
The peptides reduced ASC speck formation and caspase-1 processing thereby suppressing pro-IL-1β processing and release of active IL-1β. This is the first demonstration of the successful use of stapled peptides designed to target the adaptor protein ASC, and can be extended to other inflammatory pathways to disrupt excessive IL-1β production.
- | Journal: Activation of the NLRP3 Inflammasome Pathway by Prokineticin 2 in Testicular Macrophages of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli- Induced Orchitis. (Pubmed Central) - Oct 7, 2020
Overall, we revealed that increased PK2 levels in TM in UPEC-induced orchitis may impair testosterone synthesis via the activation of the NLRP3 pathway. Our study provides a new insight into the mechanisms underlying inflammation-associated male infertility and suggests an anti-inflammatory therapeutic target for male infertility.
- | Biomarker, Journal, PARP Biomarker, IO Biomarker: Zika Virus Infection Induces Acute Kidney Injury Through Activating NLRP3 Inflammasome Via Suppressing Bcl-2. (Pubmed Central) - Oct 7, 2020
Overexpression of Bcl-2 attenuated ZIKV-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation in renal cells and down-regulated PARP/caspase-3-mediated renal apoptosis. Overall, our findings demonstrated that ZIKV infection induced AKI by activating NLRP3 inflammasome and apoptosis through suppressing Bcl-2 expression, which provided potential therapeutic targets for ZIKV-associated renal diseases.
- | Preclinical, Journal: Accelerated and Severe Lupus Nephritis Benefits From M1, an Active Metabolite of Ginsenoside, by Regulating NLRP3 Inflammasome and T Cell Functions in Mice. (Pubmed Central) - Oct 7, 2020
These beneficial effects with M1 treatment involved the following cellular and molecular mechanistic events: [1] inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome associated with autophagy induction, [2] modulation of T help cell activation, and [3] induction of regulatory T cell differentiation. M1 improved the ASLN mice by blunting NLRP3 inflammasome activation and differentially regulating T cell functions, and the results support M1 as a new therapeutic candidate for LN patients with a status of abrupt transformation of lower-grade (mesangial) to higher-grade (diffuse proliferative) nephritis.
- | Journal: Hyperglycemia aggravates acute liver injury by promoting liver-resident macrophage NLRP3 inflammasome activation via the inhibition of AMPK/mTOR-mediated autophagy induction. (Pubmed Central) - Oct 7, 2020
Our findings demonstrated that hyperglycemia aggravated TAA-induced acute liver injury by promoting liver-resident macrophage NLRP3 inflammasome activation via inhibiting AMPK/mTOR-mediated autophagy. This study provided a novel target for prevention of toxin-induced acute liver injury under hyperglycemia.
- || Clinical, Journal: Cotreatments with Dex and NaSeO further improved antioxidant and anti-inflammatory protection of myocardial cells from I/R injury compared to their individual treatments. (Pubmed Central) - Oct 7, 2020
However, TrxR1 knockdown attenuated the positive effect of NaSeO on Dex-mediated anti-inflammatory effects. In summary, cotreatments with Dex and NaSeO further improved antioxidant and anti-inflammatory protection of myocardial cells from I/R injury compared to their individual treatments.
- | Journal: Direct binding to NLRP3 pyrin domain is a novel strategy to prevent NLRP3-driven inflammation and gouty arthritis. (Pubmed Central) - Oct 7, 2020
In summary, cotreatments with Dex and NaSeO further improved antioxidant and anti-inflammatory protection of myocardial cells from I/R injury compared to their individual treatments. Our results present β-carotene as a selective and direct inhibitor of NLRP3 and the binding to NLRP3 PYD as a novel pharmacological strategy to combat NLRP3 inflammasome-driven diseases, including gouty arthritis.
- | Journal: Melatonin Enhances the Therapeutic Effect of Plasma Exosomes Against Cerebral Ischemia-Induced Pyroptosis Through the TLR4/NF-κB Pathway. (Pubmed Central) - Oct 7, 2020
This study suggests that nano-sized plasma exosomes with melatonin pretreatment might be a more effective strategy for patients with ischemic brain injury. Further exploration of key molecules in the plasma exosome may provide increased therapeutic value for cerebral ischemic injury.
- | Journal: Andrade-Oliveira Salvianolic Acid B Modulates Caspase-1-Mediated Pyroptosis in Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury via Nrf2 Pathway. (Pubmed Central) - Oct 7, 2020
Further mechanism study showed that the SalB pretreatment could promote the increase of nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) nuclear accumulation, which significantly suppressed oxidative stress, proinflammatory cytokines, NLRP3 inflammasome activation and pyroptosis. These results indicate that SalB can inhibit caspase-1/GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis by activating Nrf2/NLRP3 signaling pathway, resulting in alleviating I/R injury in mice.
- | Preclinical, Journal: Interleukin-1β Drives Cellular Senescence of Rat Astrocytes Induced by Oligomerized Amyloid β Peptide and Oxidative Stress. (Pubmed Central) - Oct 7, 2020
Subsequent mechanistic study revealed that activation of NLRP3 mediates Aβ and HO-induced maturation and secretion of IL-1β. Our results suggest that IL-1β mediates senescence in rat astrocytes induced by several common adverse stimuli in AD, implicating IL-1β and NLRP3 as valuable diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for AD.
- || Review, Journal: Pyroptosis Plays a Role in Osteoarthritis. (Pubmed Central) - Oct 7, 2020
This review summarizes the molecular mechanisms of pyroptosis and shows the critical role of NLRP3 (NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3; NLR refers to "nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich repeat") inflammasomes. We also provide evidence describing potential role of pyroptosis in OA, including the relationship with OA risk factors and the contribution to cartilage degradation, synovitis and OA pain.
- || Review, Journal, IO Biomarker: NLRP3 Inflammasome From Bench to Bedside: New Perspectives for Triple Negative Breast Cancer. (Pubmed Central) - Oct 7, 2020
In this review, we discuss the structure, biology and mechanisms of inflammasomes with a special focus on the specific role of NLRP3 in breast cancer (BC) and in the sub-group of triple negative BC. The NLRP3 inflammasome and its down-stream pathways could be considered novel potential tumor biomarkers and could open new frontiers in BC treatment.
- || Review, Journal: Inflammasome Fuels Dengue Severity. (Pubmed Central) - Oct 7, 2020
Several studies have reported the molecular mechanism through which (host and viral factors) dengue induces inflammasome, unravels the possible mechanisms of DENV pathogenesis and sets up the stage for the advancement of DENV therapeutics. In this perspective article, we discuss the potential implications and our understanding of inflammasome mechanisms of dengue virus and highlight research areas that have potential to inhibit the pathogenesis of viral diseases, specifically for dengue.
- || Clinical, Journal: New variants in NLRP3 inflammasome genes increase risk for asthma and Blomia tropicalis-induced allergy in a Brazilian population. (Pubmed Central) - Oct 7, 2020
In addition, this same allele increased the eosinophil counts in blood (mm3) in asthmatic individuals compared with non-asthmatic (P = 0.0004). These results suggest that NLRP3 and CASP1 polymorphisms may be associated with susceptibility for asthma and markers of atopy in our population.
- || dapansutrile (OLT-1177) / Olatec Therap
Clinical, P2a data, Journal: Dapansutrile, an oral selective NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor, for treatment of gout flares: an open-label, dose-adaptive, proof-of-concept, phase 2a trial. (Pubmed Central) - Oct 4, 2020
P2
Dapansutrile is a specific NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor with a satisfactory safety profile and efficacy in the reduction of target joint pain in this study. Future studies are needed to confirm the clinical potential of dapansutrile.
- | Journal: ZBP1 governs the inflammasome-independent IL-1α and neutrophil inflammation that play a dual role in anti-influenza virus immunity. (Pubmed Central) - Oct 3, 2020
During IAV infection, ZBP1 displays a dual role in anti-IAV immune responses mediated by neutrophil, resulting in either protective or pathological outcome in vivo. Thus, ZBP1-mediated IL-1α production is the key initial step of IAV-infected NETs, owing the duality of the consequent lung inflammation.
- | Journal: Cigarette smoke induces the pyroptosis of urothelial cells through ROS/NLRP3/caspase-1 signaling pathway. (Pubmed Central) - Oct 3, 2020
Cigarette smoke-induced pyroptosis of bladder tissue by activating ROS/NLRP3/caspase-1 signaling pathway. Inhibition of bladder urothelial cell pyroptosis may be a new approach to alleviate bladder damage caused by smoking.
- || Review, Journal: Nod-like receptor protein 3 inflammasome in head-and-neck cancer. (Pubmed Central) - Oct 3, 2020
The main objective of this review is to provide current knowledge on the involvement of NLRP3 inflammasome in head-and-neck cancers. Deeper understanding of the biology of this dynamic protein complex provides new scope for the development of more effective anticancer therapies.
- | Journal: Antimicrobial Effect of Zophobas morio Hemolymph against Bovine Mastitis Pathogens. (Pubmed Central) - Oct 3, 2020
In addition, Z. morio hemolymph downregulates the expression of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor family member pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3), caspase-1, and NLRP6, as well as inhibits the secretion of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-18, which attenuates E. coli or S. simulans-induced pyroptosis. Overall, our results suggest the potential role of Z. morio hemolymph as a novel therapeutic candidate for bovine mastitis.
- | Journal: Altered NOX expression does not seem to account for epidermal NLRP3 inflammasome activation in Hidradenitis Suppurativa. (Pubmed Central) - Oct 2, 2020
reported increased production of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1? in HS.
- || Clinical, Clinical data, Journal: Polymorphisms in CARD8 and NLRP3 are associated with extrapulmonary TB and poor clinical outcome in active TB in Ethiopia. (Pubmed Central) - Oct 2, 2020
Our study shows that inflammasome polymorphisms are associated with EPTB and poor clinical outcome in active TB in Ethiopia. The practical implications and determining causal relationships on a mechanistic level needs further study.
- | Journal: The NLRP3 inflammasome modulates glycolysis by increasing PFKFB3 in an IL-1β-dependent manner in macrophages. (Pubmed Central) - Oct 2, 2020
The data demonstrate that activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, and the subsequent release of IL-1β, play a key role in modulating glycolysis via PFKFB3. Reinstating metabolic homeostasis by targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome-PFKFB3 axis may provide a novel therapeutic target for treatment of acute and chronic disease.
- | Journal: Forskolin attenuates the NLRP3 inflammasome activation and IL-1β secretion in human macrophages. (Pubmed Central) - Oct 2, 2020
Forskolin inhibits the NLRP3 inflammasome activation and the secretion of mature IL-1β, in human macrophages. Forskolin and other cAMP elevator drugs could represent a novel approach for treatment of diseases associated with excessive inflammasome activation, like pediatric inflammatory diseases.
- | Preclinical, Journal: Effects of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps on Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells in vitro. (Pubmed Central) - Oct 2, 2020
Altogether, NETs formation regulates inflammation and BMEC damage in mastitis. Inhibiting excess NETs formation may be useful to ameliorate mammary gland damage associated with mastitis.
- | Journal: Forskolin attenuates the NLRP3 inflammasome activation and IL-1β secretion in human macrophages. (Pubmed Central) - Oct 2, 2020
Inhibiting excess NETs formation may be useful to ameliorate mammary gland damage associated with mastitis. No abstract available
- | Preclinical, Journal: Hydrogen-rich saline alleviated the hyperpathia and microglia activation via autophagy mediated inflammasome inactivation in neuropathic pain rats. (Pubmed Central) - Oct 2, 2020
Hydrogen promoted autophagy related protein expression, inhibited the inflammasome NLRP3 pathway activation, and relieved the hyperpathia induced by neuropathic pain. Hydrogen treatment could alleviate hyperpathia by autophagy-mediated NLRP3 inactivation.
- | Journal, PD(L)-1 Biomarker, IO Biomarker: Tumor Cell-Derived IL-1β Promotes Desmoplasia and Immune Suppression in Pancreatic Cancer. (Pubmed Central) - Oct 2, 2020
Tumor cell expression of IL-1β in vivo was driven by microbial-dependent activation of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling and subsequent engagement of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Collectively, these findings identify a hitherto unappreciated role for tumor cell-derived IL-1β in orchestrating an immune modulatory program that supports pancreatic tumorigenesis.
- | Preclinical, Journal: Hydrogen Sulfide Protects against Paraquat-Induced Acute Liver Injury in Rats by Regulating Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial Function, and Inflammation. (Pubmed Central) - Oct 2, 2020
The antioxidative effect of HS in PQ-induced liver injury can at least partly be attributed to the promotion of Nrf2-driven antioxidant enzymes via Keap1 S-sulfhydration and regulation of SIRT3/IDH2 signaling via Nrf2-dependent SIRT3 gene transcription as well as SIRT3 S-sulfhydration. Thus, HS supplementation can form the basis for a promising novel therapeutic strategy for PQ-induced acute liver injury.
- | Journal: Dopamine D1 receptor agonist A68930 attenuates acute kidney injury by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation. (Pubmed Central) - Oct 2, 2020
Additionally, A68930 attenuated I/R-induced mitochondria injury, which was observed by transmission electron microscopy. In summary, our results demonstrated that activation of DRD1 by A68930 inhibited renal and systematic inflammation, and improved kidney function in I/R induced AKI model, which was probably related to the inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
- | dapansutrile (OLT-1177) / Olatec Therap, Rizaben (tranilast) / Kissei, Nuon Therapeutics
Journal: SARS-CoV-2 infection: NLRP3 inflammasome as plausible target to prevent cardiopulmonary complications? (Pubmed Central) - Oct 2, 2020
Here, we argue that targeting NLRP3 inflammasome could be a strategy to prevent cardiovascular outcomes [fulminant myocarditis, heart failure, venous thromboembolism (VTE)] and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. We discuss the rationale for NLRP3 targeting in clinical trials as an effective therapeutic strategy aimed to improve prognosis of COVID-19, analyzing the potential of two therapeutic options (tranilast and OLT1177) currently available in clinical practice.
- | doxorubicin hydrochloride / Generic mfg.
Preclinical, Journal: Dihydromyricin alleviates doxorubicin-induced myocardial injury by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome in rats (Pubmed Central) - Oct 2, 2020
In addition, the levels of NLRP3, caspase-1 and IL-1β were increased as compared with control group, while the levels of the above indicators were remarkably reversed in DOX+DHM group as compared with DOX group (P<0.05). DHM alleviates DOX-induced myocardial injury in rats by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome and reducing cardiomyocyte apoptosis.
- | Preclinical, Journal: Involvement of HO-1 and Autophagy in the Protective Effect of Magnolol in Hepatic Steatosis-Induced NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation In Vivo and In Vitro. (Pubmed Central) - Oct 2, 2020
However, autophagy inhibition with 3-methyladenine (3-MA) in HepG2 cells drastically abrogated the MG-mediated suppression of inflammation and lipid metabolism. In conclusion, MG inhibited hepatic steatosis-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation through the restoration of autophagy to promote HO-1 signaling capable of ameliorating oxidative stress and inflammatory responses.
- | Journal: Matrix remodeling and MMP expression/activation is associated with hidradenitis suppurativa skin inflammation. (Pubmed Central) - Oct 1, 2020
Meanwhile, neither IL-17 concentrations nor the inflammasome components NLRP3 and CASPase-1 varied. Thus, our HS skin model culture showed that MMP-induced matrix alteration could participate to HS inflammation by releasing biological active peptides and inflammatory factors from the extracellular matrix (ECM), and open new opportunities to investigate the regulation of the inflammatory mechanism associated with HS.
- | Journal: NLRP3 inflammasome activation is involved in trimethyltin-induced neuroinflammation. (Pubmed Central) - Oct 1, 2020
NLRP3 RNA interference significantly protected these cells from TMT-induced neuroinflammation. Our results demonstrate that the NLRP3 inflammasome is a key mediator of neuroinflammation and plays an important role in TMT-induced neuroinflammation.
- | Journal, IO Biomarker: Mechanistic Insight Into the Activation of the NLRP3 Inflammasome by Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Macrophages. (Pubmed Central) - Oct 1, 2020
Furthermore, we demonstrated that NLRP3 knockout increased phagocytosis of bacteria by macrophages and increases the bactericidal activity of macrophages against NG. These findings provide potential molecular targets for the development of anti-inflammatory drugs that could ameliorate NG-mediated inflammation.
- | Journal: Lactobacillus johnsonii L531 ameliorates enteritis via elimination of damaged mitochondria and suppression of SQSTM1-dependent mitophagy in a Salmonella infantis model of piglet diarrhea. (Pubmed Central) - Oct 1, 2020
Our findings suggest that the amelioration of S. infantis-associated enteritis by L. johnsonii L531 is associated with regulation of NLRC4 and NLRP3 inflammasomes and NF-κB signaling pathway activation and suppression of mitochondrial damage. Amelioration of impaired mitophagy by L. johnsonii L531 could involve eliminating damaged mitochondria and regulating S. infantis-induced activation of the NF-κB-SQSTM1mitophagy signaling pathway in host cells to prevent the further mitochondrial damage and S. infantis dissemination.
- || Review, Journal: Mitochondrial DNA: A Key Regulator of Anti-Microbial Innate Immunity. (Pubmed Central) - Oct 1, 2020
Thus, instead of entire mitochondrial importance in cellular metabolism and energy production, mitochondrial DNA seems to be essential in triggering innate anti-microbial immunity. Here, we describe existing knowledge on the involvement of mitochondrial DNA in the anti-microbial immunity by modulating the various immune signaling pathways.
- || Review, Journal: Understanding the Relevance of DNA Methylation Changes in Immune Differentiation and Disease. (Pubmed Central) - Oct 1, 2020
Recent technological advances have facilitated the generation of a vast amount of genome-wide DNA methylation data, providing profound insights into the roles of DNA methylation in health and disease. This review considers the relevance of DNA methylation to immune system cellular development and function, as well as the participation of DNA methylation defects in immune-mediated pathologies, illustrated by selected paradigmatic diseases.
- || Review, Journal, Cytokine storm: Emerging role of IL-6 and NLRP3 inflammasome as potential therapeutic targets to combat COVID-19: Role of lncRNAs in cytokine storm modulation. (Pubmed Central) - Oct 1, 2020
In this review we discuss the potential impact of IL-6 and NLRP3 inflammasome blocker drugs on inflammatory responses, viral clearance, and pathological and clinical manifestations. Collectively, anti-inflammatory strategy might pave the way to diminish clinical and pathological manifestations and thereby discharging patients infected with COVID-19 from hospital.
- | Journal: Inflamm-ageing or inflammasom-ageing as independent events. (Pubmed Central) - Oct 1, 2020
Collectively, anti-inflammatory strategy might pave the way to diminish clinical and pathological manifestations and thereby discharging patients infected with COVID-19 from hospital. No abstract available
- | Journal: Chalcone Derivative L6H21 Reduces EtOH+LPS-induced Liver Injury through Inhibition of NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation. (Pubmed Central) - Sep 30, 2020
Our results demonstrate that L6H21 treatment inhibits EtOH+LPS-induced liver steatosis and injury through suppression of NLRP3 inflammasome activation. L6H21 may be used as an alternative strategy for ALD prevention/treatment.
- | Journal: Exposure to Cigarette Smoke Augments Post-ischemic Brain Injury and Inflammation via Mobilization of Neutrophils and Monocytes. (Pubmed Central) - Sep 30, 2020
Furthermore, the detrimental effects of smoke priming on ischemic brain injury were abolished either by pharmacological inhibition of the recruitment of neutrophils and monocytes or by blockade of the NLRP3 inflammasome, an effector protein of neutrophils and monocytes. Our findings suggest that cigarette smoke-induced mobilization of peripheral neutrophils and monocytes augments ischemic brain injury.